369 research outputs found
Antiretroviral drug resistant HIV-1 in women and children living in Honduras
No full textAntiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected pregnant women contributes to the prevention of HIV transmission to the newborn. However, as ART can also induce HIV drug resistance during suboptimal levels of virological suppression a major concern is the subsequent risk for transmitted drug resistant (TDR) virus to the child. In Honduras and Belize, like in many other countries around the world, mono-therapy was used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT) until relatively recently when it was changed to a more effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Prior to this study there was no information about antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1 infected women and children in Honduras and Belize, and limited data other from parts of Latin America. The first aim (Paper I) was to evaluate the prevalence of drug resistance in HIV-1 infected infants born in Honduras and Belize between 2001 to 2004, before cART was implemented for prevention of MTCT. Genotypic resistance was performed by sequencing of the HIV pol region and was successfully in dried blood spots from 66 HIV-1-infected infants (55 from Honduras and 11 from Belize). Mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance were detected in sequences from 13% of the Honduran infants and 27% of Belizean infants. Thus the study documented, for first time, the presence of drug resistance in HIV-1 infected Honduran and Belizean infants. Resistance probably was transmitted from the mothers since none of the infants had received antiretroviral drugs as prophylaxis or therapy.The second aim (Paper II) was to evaluate antiretroviral drug resistance in pregnant HIV-1-infected women in Honduras and risk for MTCT subsequent to ART prophylaxis. In addition, we investigated changes in immune activation during pregnancy by evaluating LPS levels. A total of 50 mother-child pairs and 95 HIV-negative pregnant women were enrolled. The presence of antiretroviral drug resistance was monitored in samples drawn during pregnancy and shortly after delivery. Twenty-nine women (58%) were treatment-naïve at study entry and started antiretroviral prophylaxis against MTCT during pregnancy while 21 women were already identified as HIV-1 infected and on ART at study entry. Antiretroviral drug resistance was detected in 20% of the samples obtained from the mothers at baseline; 10% among treatment-naïve patients and 29% among treatment-experienced patients. Furthermore, despite ART prophylaxis 22 of 50 (44%) women were viremic. No MTCT were observed, but still the high prevalence of resistance and viremia indicated that there was a significant risk for MTCT. The LPS levels declined between pregnancy and after delivery in the HIV-1 infected women indicates that pregnancy might influence the LPS levels, a novel finding that merits further investigation. This study demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance and viremia in pregnant Honduran women, which could limit the effectiveness of antiretroviral prophylaxis against MTCT.Taken together the studies indicate that there is a need for improvements of prevention against MTCT in Belize and Honduras. This includes better access to monitoring of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and antiretroviral drug resistance testing.List of scientific papersI. Parham L, de Rivera I, Murillo W, Naver L, Largaespada N, Albert J, Karlsson A. Short Communication: High Prevalence of Drug Resistance in HIV Type 1-Infected Children Born in Honduras and Belize 2001 to 2004. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2011; 27(10): 1055-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2010.0289 II. Parham L, de Rivera I, Buggert M, García O, Albert J, Karlsson A. HIV-1 drug resistance and microbial translocation in pregnant Honduran women. [Manuscript]</p
Low-strain dynamic characterization of undisturbed Leda clay
No full textThe low-strain dynamic behavior of Leda clays is investigated using the resonant column (RC) and bender element (BE) tests. Four undisturbed, lightly overconsolidated Leda clay samples, collected from two sites near the St-Lawrence River valley, are tested at different strains, confining stresses, and frequencies. To evaluate the effect of excitation frequency, simultaneous measurements of shear wave velocity using RC and BE tests are performed. The results show that the samples from the different sites behave differently. The high sensitivity of the Leda clays does not have a significant effect on the modulus degradation curves. However, the measured degradation curves are similar to those of soft clays with high plasticity, which is contrary to the expected behaviour of these low plasticity (Ip = 6.2-20) specimens. Likewise, the measured damping ratios are on the lower end of the typical values reported for soils of high plasticity. Low values of damping ratio make the amplification of small seismic events more likely in Leda clay deposits. The difference in the shear wave velocity measurements from RC and BE tests ranges from 17% to 26% depending on the confinement, likely because of the strong influence of P-waves observed in the BE tests for these soils.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Nyblivna lärares uppfattningar om att leda mångprofessionella team inom småbarnspedagogiken
No full textTiedekunta - Fakultet - Faculty
Pedagogiska fakulteten, Kandidatprogrammet i pedagogik
Tekijä - Författare - Author
Inger Fabritius
Työn nimi - Arbetets titel
Nyblivna lärares uppfattningar om att leda mångprofessionella team inom småbarnspedagogiken
Oppiaine - Ämne – Subject
Studieinriktningen för lärare inom småbarnspedagogik
Työn laji/ Ohjaaja - Arbetets art/Handledare - Level/Instructor
Kandidatavhandling, Marina Lundqvist Aika - Datum - Month and year
April 2021 Sivumäärä - Sidantal - Number of pages
41 s. + 1 s. bilagor
Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract
Syfte med denna studie är att ta reda på hurdana uppfattningar nyblivna lärare inom småbarns-pedagogiken har om att leda det mångprofessionella teamet. Det är viktigt med tanke på att läraren inom småbarnspedagogik har det pedagogiska ansvaret för barngruppen och förväntas leda teamet och tillsammans med sina kolleger skapa en gynnsam verksamhetskultur för barngruppen i enlighet med läroplanen.
På grund av de stora förändringar ledarskapet inom dagvården har gått genom de senaste åren förklarar Fonsén (2014) att det nu är viktigt att diskutera vem som leder vad och på vilket sätt. Några forskare vid Helsingfors universitet har startat forskningsprojektet Hållbar verksamhetskultur inom småbarnspedagogik och förskoleundervisning vid Helsingfors universitet svenska studieinriktning för lärare inom småbarnspedagogik för att förbättra lärarnas utbildning med tanke på ledarskap och hållbarhet.
Studien är en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie där 8 nyblivna lärare inom småbarnspedagogik intervjuades. 4 av intervjuerna transkriberades och användes i denna kandidatavhandling. Analysen är en hermeneutisk analys.
Resultatet av studien visar att de nyblivna lärarnas uppfattning om hur det är att leda mångprofessionella team är mångfasetterad. De har inte en klar uppfattning om vem som ingår i det mångprofessionella teamet. Det till trots tar de sin uppgift att leda barngruppen pedagogiskt och att leda det mångprofessionella teamet mot uppsatta mål på största allvar. De har den uppfattningen att det ingår i att leda det mångprofessionella teamet att skapa en så bra verksamhet som möjligt för barnen. För att göra det behövs det goda relationer, tillit, samarbete, god kommunikation, diskussioner, lyhördhet och empati samt kunskap om varandras kunskapsområden.
Avainsanat – Nyckelord
Ledarskap, småbarnspedagogik, mångprofessionella team, samarbete
Säilytyspaikka - Förvaringsställe - Where deposited
Helsingfors universitetsbibliotek – Helda/E-thesis (examensarbeten
Nyblivna lärares uppfattningar om att leda mångprofessionella team inom småbarnspedagogiken
No full textTiedekunta - Fakultet - Faculty
Pedagogiska fakulteten, Kandidatprogrammet i pedagogik
Tekijä - Författare - Author
Inger Fabritius
Työn nimi - Arbetets titel
Nyblivna lärares uppfattningar om att leda mångprofessionella team inom småbarnspedagogiken
Oppiaine - Ämne – Subject
Studieinriktningen för lärare inom småbarnspedagogik
Työn laji/ Ohjaaja - Arbetets art/Handledare - Level/Instructor
Kandidatavhandling, Marina Lundqvist Aika - Datum - Month and year
April 2021 Sivumäärä - Sidantal - Number of pages
41 s. + 1 s. bilagor
Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract
Syfte med denna studie är att ta reda på hurdana uppfattningar nyblivna lärare inom småbarns-pedagogiken har om att leda det mångprofessionella teamet. Det är viktigt med tanke på att läraren inom småbarnspedagogik har det pedagogiska ansvaret för barngruppen och förväntas leda teamet och tillsammans med sina kolleger skapa en gynnsam verksamhetskultur för barngruppen i enlighet med läroplanen.
På grund av de stora förändringar ledarskapet inom dagvården har gått genom de senaste åren förklarar Fonsén (2014) att det nu är viktigt att diskutera vem som leder vad och på vilket sätt. Några forskare vid Helsingfors universitet har startat forskningsprojektet Hållbar verksamhetskultur inom småbarnspedagogik och förskoleundervisning vid Helsingfors universitet svenska studieinriktning för lärare inom småbarnspedagogik för att förbättra lärarnas utbildning med tanke på ledarskap och hållbarhet.
Studien är en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie där 8 nyblivna lärare inom småbarnspedagogik intervjuades. 4 av intervjuerna transkriberades och användes i denna kandidatavhandling. Analysen är en hermeneutisk analys.
Resultatet av studien visar att de nyblivna lärarnas uppfattning om hur det är att leda mångprofessionella team är mångfasetterad. De har inte en klar uppfattning om vem som ingår i det mångprofessionella teamet. Det till trots tar de sin uppgift att leda barngruppen pedagogiskt och att leda det mångprofessionella teamet mot uppsatta mål på största allvar. De har den uppfattningen att det ingår i att leda det mångprofessionella teamet att skapa en så bra verksamhet som möjligt för barnen. För att göra det behövs det goda relationer, tillit, samarbete, god kommunikation, diskussioner, lyhördhet och empati samt kunskap om varandras kunskapsområden.
Avainsanat – Nyckelord
Ledarskap, småbarnspedagogik, mångprofessionella team, samarbete
Säilytyspaikka - Förvaringsställe - Where deposited
Helsingfors universitetsbibliotek – Helda/E-thesis (examensarbeten
Factors influencing leaders in academia series: workplace incivility at Canadian business schools in the post-pandemic society
No full textThe prevalence of workplace incivility in academic settings is on the rise. Understanding how university leaders navigate the accompanying subtle but damaging behaviours is critically important because perpetrators in this context are often ‘smart bullies’ who understand violence and harassment policy and can evade reprimand. This study explores workplace incivility experienced by business school leaders as victims and managers of these behaviours, based on three primary research questions: What acts of incivility are academic leaders experiencing? What impact does incivility have on the leaders who receive it? What strategies do academic leaders employ to manage incivility in their schools? The study, conducted in the winter of 2023, utilized a qualitative research approach that integrated constructivist philosophy with inductive research methods. The study participants included deans, associate deans, and department chairs from selected Canadian institutions. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected from the semi-structured interviews. The results showed that incivility is ubiquitous, largely unaddressed, and significantly impacts leaders, faculty members, and their schools. The report presents two recommendations highlighting the critical need to support academic leadership development and civility education and awareness. This study, prepared by Leda Stawnychko (Bissett School of Business, Mount Royal University), was supported by the Business Schools Association of Canada (BSAC) and funded through its grant competition program.workplace incivilityleadership developmentbusiness schoolspost-secondary educationacademic leadershi
Tra orientalismo e anticolonialismo. L’islam di Leda Rafanelli come scelta spirituale e politica = Between Orientalism and anticolonialism: Leda Rafanelli’s Islam as a spiritual and political choice
No full textLeda Bruna Rafanelli (1880-1971) is known as an author and a social agitator, as well as an anarchist and a pacifist. The focus of this essay is on her conversion to Islam, about which very little is known, and whose path and process is analyzed in the light of her personal, spiritual and political biography. The complexity of her figure is here delineated mostly through her writings, that include positions that are strongly critical of European and Western colonialism and civilization, together with a vision that, however, is still linked to the Orientalist culture of her time. Her distorted image of the Orient, embodying an ideal, free world and the cornerstone of opposition to modernity and to contemporary society, nurtured her choice of Islam, the religion of colonized peoples, in very personal ways. Her choices drew criticism for their alleged contradictions, but the aim of this essay is rather to multiply the polyvocality and individual narratives, by placing case studies such as that of Leda Rafanelli alongside other “figures of the crossing”, and to contribute to deconstructing the imaginary about female conversions to Islam and radical political positioning (such as anarchism) that is still widespread in many fields
El pensamiento decolonial de Leda Maria Martins y su importante aporte a las artes escénicas: Reseña del libro Performance do tempo espiralar– poéticas do corpo-tela, de Leda Maria Martins
No full textEsta resenha se debruça sobre o novo livro da pesquisadora Leda Maria Martins, publicado pela editora Cobogó, em 2021, no qual a autora desenvolve conceitos em torno do tempo e do corpo nas práticas performáticas afrodiaspóricas. O texto pretende demonstrar de que maneira as análises da autora contribuem para a concepção de instrumentos teóricos decoloniais para as artes da cena.Esta reseña se centra en el nuevo libro de la investigadora Leda Maria Martins, publicado por la editorial Cobogó en 2021, en el que la autora desarrolla conceptos sobre el tiempo y el cuerpo en las prácticas performáticas afrodiaspóricas. El texto pretende demonstrar cómo los análisis de la autora contribuyen a la concepción de instrumentos teóricos decoloniales para las artes escénicas.This review focuses on the new book by Leda Maria Martins, published by Cobogó in 2021, in which the author conceptualizes the idea of time and body in Afrodiasporic performances. The text demonstrates how her analyzes contribute to construing a decolonial theory for the Performing Arts
Tra orientalismo e anticolonialismo. L’islam di Leda Rafanelli come scelta spirituale e politica
No full textLeda Bruna Rafanelli (1880-1971) is known as an author and a social agitator, as well as an anarchist and a pacifist. The focus of this essay is on her conversion to Islam, about which very little is known, and whose path and process is analyzed in the light of her personal, spiritual and political biography. The complexity of her figure is here delineated mostly through her writings, that include positions that are strongly critical of European and Western colonialism and civilization, together with a vision that, however, is still linked to the Orientalist culture of her time. Her distorted image of the Orient, embodying an ideal, free world and the cornerstone of opposition to modernity and to contemporary society, nurtured her choice of Islam, the religion of colonized peoples, in very personal ways. Her choices drew criticism for their alleged contradictions, but the aim of this essay is rather to multiply the polyvocality and individual narratives, by placing case studies such as that of Leda Rafanelli alongside other “figures of the crossing”, and to contribute to deconstructing the imaginary about female conversions to Islam and radical political positioning (such as anarchism) that is still widespread in many fields
Tra orientalismo e anticolonialismo. L’islam di Leda Rafanelli come scelta spirituale e politica
No full textLeda Bruna Rafanelli (1880-1971) is known as an author and a social agitator, as well as an anarchist and a pacifist. The focus of this essay is on her conversion to Islam, about which very little is known, and whose path and process is analyzed in the light of her personal, spiritual and political biography. The complexity of her figure is here delineated mostly through her writings, that include positions that are strongly critical of European and Western colonialism and civilization, together with a vision that, however, is still linked to the Orientalist culture of her time. Her distorted image of the Orient, embodying an ideal, free world and the cornerstone of opposition to modernity and to contemporary society, nurtured her choice of Islam, the religion of colonized peoples, in very personal ways. Her choices drew criticism for their alleged contradictions, but the aim of this essay is rather to multiply the polyvocality and individual narratives, by placing case studies such as that of Leda Rafanelli alongside other “figures of the crossing”, and to contribute to deconstructing the imaginary about female conversions to Islam and radical political positioning (such as anarchism) that is still widespread in many fields
An Introduction to Virtual Reality
No full textA general introduction to the concept of virtual reality, the technology associated with it, and the theoretical applications of virtual reality. Virtual reality is compared to the introduction of the television and how both revolutionize communication. Examples of applications for virtual reality include high school reunions and computerized fantasies. The author also discusses the future applications of virtual reality as it becomes more widely spread. The concept of virtual reality is discussed within the context of quotes from Vary T. Coates in their 1992 book The Future of Information Technology, and Myron W. Krueger in their article Artificial Reality II. The author recommends Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality, edited by Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy, for further readin
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