56 research outputs found
ANALISIS KESEIMBANGAN KONSTRUKSI PESAWAT TDS BRAKITERAPI MEDIUM DOSE RATE
No full textCONS TRUCTION BALANCE ANALYSIS OF DOSE RATE MEDIUM BRACHYTHERAPY TDS . One of the most important part of brachytherapy instrument design activities i s anal yze by determi ni ng the centroi d point of construction in order to mai ntai n the bal ance of brachytherapyi nstrument, either duri ng operation as well as when transported. Operation of brachytherapy is not onl y done i n one place so it is necessary to balance the analysis of the forces at the time did not move, moved on the horizontal floor and slopi ng floor. Calcul ation approach who is done to calcul ate the weight of mechanical components on each module, and then calculate the centroi d of each module, for the balance of forces analysis performed with the assumpti on at the time of brachytherapy in the posi ti on of not movi ng on a horizontal fl oor, moved from a pl ace to another on the horizontal floor and on the fl oor with sloping angl e 30 0 . Base on the resul ts of this anal ysi s are expected to bal ance the four wheels can move wi thout sli pping at the time of decline or incline . Also, resul ts of analysis can be used i n desi gning a mobile constructi on brachytherapy taking into considerati on the aestheti c ideal, easy to operate, ensure the safety of equi pment, Operator and patient. ANALISIS KESEIMBANGAN KONSTRUKSI PESAWAT TDS BRAKITERAPI MEDIUM DOSE RATE. Sal ah satu bagi an terpenting dal am kegiatan rancang bangun pesawat brakiterapi adalah mel akukan analisis dengan menentukan tit ik pusat berat guna menjaga keseimbangan konstruksi brakiterapi , baik pada saat beroperasi maupun pada saat dipindah-pindahkan. Pengoperasian braki terapi tidak saja dilakukan pada satu tempat saj a sehi ngga sangat perlu dilakukan analisi s kesei mbangan gaya-gaya pada saat ti dak bergerak, di pi ndahkan pada lantai datar dan l antai miring. Pendekatan perhi tungan yang dilakukan adalah menghitung berat komponen-komponen mekanik pada masing-masi ng modul. Setel ah itu titi k berat masi ngmasi ng modul di hi tung. Untuk analisis keseimbangan gaya-gaya di lakukan dengan asumsi pada saat brakiterapi dalam posisi ti dak bergerak pada lantai datar, dipindahkan dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang lai n pada lantai datar dan pada lantai dengan sudut kemiri ngan 30 hasil analisis ini diharapkan keseimbangan keempat roda dapat bergerak tanpa tergelincir padasaat menurun maupun tanjakan. Selai n i tu hasil anali sis ini dapat digunakan dal am merancang konstruksi brakit erapi secara mobile dengan mempertimbangkan faktor estetika yang ideal , mudah di operasi kan, menj ami n keamanan alat, operator dan pasien. 0 . Dari hasil analisis ini diharapkan keseimbangan keempat roda dapat bergerak tanpa tergelincir pada saat menurun maupun tanjakan. Selai n i tu hasil anali sis ini dapat digunakan dal am merancang konstruksi brakit erapi secara mobile dengan mempertimbangkan faktor estetika yang ideal , mudah di operasi kan, menj ami n keamanan alat, operator dan pasien
METODE ANALISIS BEBAN PADA NOZEL POMPA SISTEM PERPIPAAN PEMBANGKIT DAYA
No full textABSTRAKMETODE ANAL/SIS BEBAN PADA NOZEL POMPA SISTEM PERPIPAAN PEMBANGKIT DA YA. Kombinasi beban yang terjadi pada sambungan nozel pompa dengan sistem perpipaan pembangkit daya. saat sistem beroperasi pada kondisi-kondisi normal. upset. emergency dan faulted dapat melampaui batas beban yang diizinkan. Untuk mendapatkan besamya beban pada sambungan nozel secara akurat. dilakukan teknis analisis tegangan sistem perpipaan yang berhubungan langsung dengan sambungan nozel pompa. Hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan batas beban yang diizinkan. Bila hasil analisis lebih besar daripada batas beban yang diizinkan. maka harus dilakukan iterasi ulang dengan metode trial and error. yaitu menggeser. menambah. 1mengurangi atau mengganti penyangga sampai beban nozel pompa dan tegangan pada sistem perpipaan tidak melampaui batas yang diizinkan. Bila masih tidak bisa diatasi. maka harus diusulkan untuk reroute sistem perpipaan atau mengajukan order khusus ke pabrik pompa untuk dibuatkan nozel pompa yang mampu menerima beban cukup besar. ABSTRACTLOAD ANALYSIS METHOD AT THE PUMP NOZZLE OF THE POWER PLANT PIPING SYSTEM. Loading combination acts in pump nozzle connecting of power plant system. This condition can exceed allowable load for normal. upsed. emergency and faulted. Obtaining load value occurred in nozzle connecting can be done by piping stress system analysis that connecting directly to pump nozzle and piping line.Compared to allowable load value. If The results of analysis greater than allowable value. therefore have to be done reanalysis by trial and error methode. such as shifting. decreasing and adding or changing supports up to pump nozzle load and stress in piping system are not to exceed the allowable value. If this condition be not solved. should be proposed to reroute piping system layout or proposed special order to the pump manufacture for the new design
DESAIN FIRE TUBE BOILER UNTUK UTILITAS PABRIK ELEMEN BAKAR NUKLIR TIPE PWR 1000 MWe
No full textABSTRAKDESAIN FIRE TUBE BOILER UNTUK UTILITAS PABRIK ELEMEN BAKAR NUKLIR TIPE PWR 1000 MWe. Fire tube boiler adalah suatu bejana tertutup yang mengubah air menjadi uap dengan jalan pemanasan dan uap tersebut digunakan ke fasilitas pengguna. Desain boiler ini berskala kecil dengan kapasitas uap jenuh 612,43 kg/jam, menggunakan bahan bakar minyak sebagai sumber energi panas. Boiler ini dirancang khusus sebagai unit utilitas pemanas untuk fasilitas pabrik elemen bakar nuklir PWR1000 MWe. Sistem pembakaran boiler ini dirancang menggunakan burner dengan bahan bakar minyak solar karena harganya masih dapat bersaing bila dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar gas ataupun bahan bakar padat. Boiler ini direncanakan menghasilkan uap jenuh pada temperatur 1320C dan tekanan operasi 2,1 bar. Komponen boiler yang dirancang meliputi tangki boiler, ruang bakar dan pipa api. Perhitungan meliputi boiler horse power, Volume tangki, diameter tangki, panjang panjang tangki, tebal tangki, luas permukaan tangki, volume ruang bakar, diameter luar ruang bakar, luas permukaan ruang bakar, tebal ruang bakar, dan dimensi pipa api. Dari hasil rancangan diperoleh BHP = 40 hp, volume ruang bakar = 0,96 m3, luas permukaan ruang bakar = 7,2 m2, diameter luar ruang bakar = 0,508 m, tebal ruang bakar = 38 mm, Volume tangki boiler = 2,83 m3 , diameter dalam tangki boiler = 1,2 m, panjang tangki boiler = 2,5 m, luas permukaan tangki boiler = 9,42 m2, diameter luar pipa api = 33,4 mm, volume pipa api = 0,02 m3, luas permukaan pipa api = 6,61 m2, panjang pipa api = 1,5 m, tebal pipa api = 3,7 mm, volume uap dalam boiler = 0,4 m3 dan volume air dalam boiler = 1,45 m3. Bahan bakar solar dengan VHI = 140.000 BTU/gallon, LHV = 43,400 kJ/kg dan efisiensi boiler 80%.Kata Kunci : Boiler, Bahan Bakar, Uap, Pabrik Elemen Bakar Nuklir PWR-1000 MWe ABSTRACTFIRE TUBE BOILER DESIGN FOR UTILITY PLANT NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT TYPE PWR 1000 MWe. Fire tube boiler is a closed vessel which is altering the water into steam and the steam heating is used to facility users. This small-scale boiler design which has a capacity of 612.43 kg of saturated steam / hour uses fossil fuels as a source of heat energy. This boiler is designed specifically as a unit for the heating utility plant facilities PWR1000 MWe nuclear fuel elements. Boiler combustion system is designed using a burner with petroleum diesel fuel because it can still be competitive when compared with fuel gas or solid fuel. The boiler is planned to produce saturated steam at temperatures of 1320C and operating pressure of 2,1 bar. Designed components of the boiler are shell, combustion chamber and fire tubes. Calculation includes boiler horse power, shell volume, shell diameter, shell length, shell thick, surface area of shell, the volume of the combustion chamber, combustion chamber thick, combustion chamber outer diameter, surface area of combustion chamber, and fire tube dimensions. From the results of the calculation were obtained BHP = 40 hp, combustion chamber volume = 0,96 m3, surface are of combustion chamber = 7,2 m2, combustion chamber outer diameter = 0,508 m, chamber thickness = 38 mm, shell insise diameter = 1.2 m, shell boiler Volume = 2,83 m3 , shell boiler inside diameter = 1,2 m, shell boiler length = 2,5 m, shell boiler surface area = 9,42 m2, tube outer diameter = 33,4 mm, tubes volume = 0,02 m3, surface area of tubes = 6,61 m2, tube length = 1,5 m, tubes thickness = 3,4 mm, volume of steam in boiler = 0,4 m3 and volume of water in boiler = 1,45 m3. Diesel fuel consumption with VHI = 140.000 GPH, LHV = 43,400 kJ/ kg and 80% boiler efficiency.Keywords: Boiler, Fuel, Steam, Nuclear Fuel Element Plant, PWR-1000 MWe
Negatively supercharging cellulases render them lignin-resistant
No full textNon-specific adsorption of cellulases to lignin hinders enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. Here we tested the hypothesis that negatively supercharging cellulases could reduce lignin inhibition. Computational design was used to negatively supercharge the surfaces of Ruminoclostridium thermocellum family 5 CelE and a CelE-family 3a carbohydrate binding module fusion. Resulting designs maintained the same expression yield, thermal stability, and nearly identical activity on soluble substrate as the wild-type proteins. Four designs showed complete lack of inhibition by lignin but with lower cellulose conversion compared to original enzymes. Increasing salt concentrations could partially rescue the activity of supercharged enzymes, supporting a mechanism of electrostatic repulsion between designs and cellulose. Results showcase a protein engineering strategy to construct highly active cellulases that are resistant to lignin-mediated inactivation, although further work is needed to understand the relationship between negative protein surface potential and activity on insoluble polysaccharides.Peer reviewe
Studi Teknologi Intake untuk Pendingin Kondensor dan Instalasi Desalinasi pada Pltn
No full textSTUDI TEKNOLOGI INTAKE UNTUK PENDINGIN KONDENSOR DAN INSTALASI DESALINASI PADA PLTN. Telah dilakukan studi teknologi intake untuk pendingin kondensor dan instalasi desalinasi untuk memasok kebutuhan air pada PLTN. Teknologi intake mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting untuk memasok kebutuhan air dari laut. Ada dua jenis intake air laut untuk pendingin kondensor dan instalasi desalinasi yaitu surfaces intake dan subsurface intake. Kedua teknologi tersebut mempunyai keunggulan masing-masing. Teknologi surfaces intake terdiri dari dua sistem yaitu traveling water screen dan passive screen, sedangkan subsurface intake terdiri dari tiga sistem yaitu sumur pantai, infiltration gallery dan seabed filtration. Teknologi intake yang baik menjamin stabilitas kualitas dan kuantitas pasokan air umpan, yang merupakan faktor penting dalam memperbaiki efisiensi proses dan keandalan keseluruhan instalasi, dengan dampak ekologi minimum. Dampak ekologi yang perlu dipertimbangkan yaitu impingement dan entrainment. Untuk PLTN kelas 1000 MWe yang direncanakan dibangun di Ujung Lemah Abang Jepara, jenis traveling water screen dapat menjadi pilihan karena sesuai dengan persyaratan kecepatan dan arah aliran, serta memenuhi kuantitas pasokan air. Jenis travelling water screen dapat mengurangi dampak ekologi impingement 80-90%, namun tidak mengurangi entrainment dari telur dan larva dari berbagai macam organisme laut
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN BAHAN BAKAR BEKAS PLTN
No full textABSTRAK STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN BAHAN BAKAR BEKAS PLTN. Telah dilakukan kajian strategi pengelolaan bahan bakar bekas PLTN. Bahan bakar bekas adalah satu produk samping dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN). Operasi teknis yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan bahan bakar bekas yang dikeluarkan dari reaktor adalah daur ujung belakang. Daur ujung belakang dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu ; daur sekali pakai (daur terbuka), daur tertutup dan kebijakan wait and see (penundaan keputusan). Strategi apapun yang dipilih pada daur ujung belakang dari daur bahan bakar nuklir, fasilitas penyimpanan Away-from-Reactor (AFR) perlu dibangun. Pada daur terbuka semua bahan bakar bekas dipertimbangkan sebagai limbah dan ditujukan untuk dibuang dalam penyimpanan geologi yang dalam. Sedang daur tertutup dibagi menjadi : (1) uranium dan plutonium diambil kembali dari bahan bakar bekas dengan olah ulang dan daur ulang untuk membuat bahan bakar mixed oxide (MOX), (2) transmutasi limbah dalam fasilitas reaktor nuklir subkritis dengan menggunakan akselerator, (3) konsep DUPIC (Direct Use of Spent PWR Fuel In CANDU). Dalam kebijakan wait and see, bermaksud, pertama kali menyimpan bahan bakar bekas dan memutuskan tahapan selanjutnya untuk olah ulang atau pembuangan. Kata kunci : bahan bakar bekas, daur terbuka, daur tertutup, wait and see ABSTRACT THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL. An assessment of management strategy of spent nuclear fuel has been carried out. The spent nuclear fuel is one of the by-products of nuclear power plant. The technical operations related to the management of spent fuel discharged from reactors are called the back-end fuel cycle. It can be largely divided into three option s : the once-through cycle, the closed cycle and the so-called ”wait and see” policy. Whatever strategy is selected for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, Away-from- Reactor (AFR) storage facilities has to be constructed. For the once-through cycle, the entire content of spent fuel is considered as waste, and is subject to be disposed of into a deep underground repository. In the closed cycle, however, can be divided into : (1) uranium and plutonium are recovered from spent fuel by reprocessing and recycled to manufacture mixed oxide (MOX) fuel rods, (2) waste transmutation in accelerator-driven subcritical reactors, (3) DUPIC (Direct Use of Spent PWR Fuel In CANDU) concept. In wait and see policy, which means first storing the spent fuel and deciding at a later stage on reprocessing or disposal. Keywords : spent nuclear fuel, once-through cycle, closed cycle, wait and se
Appeasing Deprivation : The Meaning of Bandi (Bridewealth) among the Pinatubo Negritos
No full textBased on the materials the author collected during 19 months of field research in and around Kakilingan village, this paper presents an ethnographic description of marriage and bridewealth in the southwestern Pinatubo Negritos, western Luzon.In particular the author will discuss the meaning of bandi in their society by answering the following questions; why it is given at marriage; why the amount differs so much according to the socio-psychological distance between the bride\u27s and the groom\u27s extended families; and how it works alternatively to promote or to prevent social change.Among the Pinatubo Negritos, bandi is not a specific property with symbolic value, but ordinary goods of any kind such as pigs, chickens, cloth, clothes, radios, knives, and recently, water buffaloes and cash.It is neither given to compensate for the transfer of rights over a woman (c. f. Fortes 1962, Goody 1973) nor to balance the cost-benefit ratio at marriage (c. f. Spiro 1975).It is also not meant to put mating into a socially meaningful context and a universe of relations (c. f. Comaroff 1980).The author thinks that bandi is given to appease the anger and sense of deprivation of the bride\u27s family, while Negritos themselves explain it either as a custom or as a “breast-fee”(the costs of being brought up).Actual marriage procedures differ widely between two poles; i. e. arranged and/or forced by parents on the one hand, and elopement by a couple on the other hand.Marriage with near kin is prohibitted, because it is just like a bo-et, an animal with rabit-like shape, which eats its own droppings and has intercourse by itself.Marriage, therefore, is essentially thought of as depriving the family of a daughter (sister/niece).And even marriage by parents should be arranged outside a socio-psychologically intimate circle and involve a feeling of deprivation on the bride\u27s side.When marriage is initiated by elopement, the bride\u27s family gets angry and demands a big amount of bandi.If the groom\u27s family cannot meet the agreement at negotiations, or if it fails to fulfill the agreement later, a couple is forced to separate.Elopement takes a long time to achieve stability because of the heavy burdon of bandi, which is paid in long instalments.Thus bandi works to prevent all attempts at elopement from becoming successful and still maintains the importance of arranged marriage.But, if a groom\u27s side succeeds in appeasing a bride\u27s family by delivering the required bandi, even though it may not be fully paid, another dimension of soical relations by affinal bond is developed.While arranged marriage occurs in already established relations and strengthens the existing social circle, elopement initiates re-organization by introducing outside relations
STUDI TEKNO-EKONOMI REAKTOR MAJU APWR-MITSUBISHI
No full textABSTRAKSTUDI TEKNO-EKONOMI REAKTOR APWR- MITSUBISHI. APWR- Mitsubishi merupakan PLTN generasi maju jenis air tekan dan berpendingin air ringan yang dikembangkan oleh Mitshubishi Heavy Industry - Jepang.dan Westinghouse – USA. PLTN ini dikembangkan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip operasi dan perawatan sederhana, keselamatan tinggi, lebih ramah lingkungan, keandalan tinggi, dan lebih ekonomis.Untuk mendukung program pemerintah yang berencana akan membangun PLTN di Indonesia, maka perlu dikaji berbagai jenis PLTN yang telah dikembangkan di dunia. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas masalah perkembangan teknologi APWR Mitsubishi, sehingga saat dilakukan tersedia data-data teknologi dari berbagai jenis reaktor daya. Dari hasil kajian disimpulkan bahwa APWR-Mitsubishi lebih unggul dibandingkan PWR konvensional.Kata kunci: APWR-Mitsubishi, reaktor, keandalan, lingkunganABSTRACTTECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT OF APWR- MITSUBISHI. APWR- is a third generation of pressurized water reactor type developed by Westinghouse with a light water as coolant,. This type of NPP is developed base on a very simple operation and maintenance principle, high safety, more environmentally friendly, high reability, and more economic. Further study on several type of NPP is needed to support the government program on constructing the NPP. This paper will discuss the technologi of APWR-Mitsubishi to help providing the technologi data, which required on tender process.From result of assesment concluded that APWR-Mitsubishi more better than PWR conventional.Keywords: APWR-Mitsubishi, reactor, reability, enviromen
Co-citation Analysis: An Overview
No full textThis article gives an overview of co-citation analysis and its applications in tracking the linkages among the intellectual works and mapping the evolutionary structure of scientific disciplines. It also focuses on the features, interface, terminology used, merits and demerits of co-citation based online database applications
Il caso della Contessa Cornelia Zangheri ne' Bandi in due testi del secolo XVIII dal punto di vista del genere non-fiction
No full textPrzypadek hrabiny Cornelii Zangheri ne’ Bandi w dwóch tekstach XVIII w. z punktu widzenia gatunku non-fiction
Streszczenie
Artykuł przedstawia dwa teksty z XVIII w. dotyczące wydarzenia, które miało miejscew mieście Cesena w 1731 r.: Parere sopra la cagione della morte della Signora ContessaCornelia Zangheri ne’ Bandi cesenate esposto in una lettera al signor co. Ottolino Ottolini daGiuseppe Bianchini canonico di Verona oraz Relazione del funestissimo evento della SignoraCornelia Zangheri ne’ Bandi occorso li 20 Marzo 1731 in Cesena (anonimowy rękopis, któregoautorem jest prawdopodobnie Scipione Maffei). Te dwa teksty zostały poddane analiziez punktu widzenia gatunku non-fiction, aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy stanowią oneprzykład tego gatunku, chociaż ante litteram.
Słowa kluczowe: non fiction, Giuseppe Bianchini, Cornelia Zangheri, XVIII w., kronika
The case of the Countess Cornelia Zangheri ne’ Bandi in two 18th century worksfrom non-fiction point of view
Abstract
The article presents the 18th century texts regarding an event that occurred in Cesena in1731: Parere sopra la cagione della morte della Signora Contessa Cornelia Zangheri ne’ Bandicesenate esposto in una lettera al signor co. Ottolino Ottolini da Giuseppe Bianchini canonicodi Verona oraz Relazione del funestissimo evento della Signora Cornelia Zangheri ne’ Bandioccorso li 20 Marzo 1731 in Cesena (anonymous manuscript whose author is most probablyScipone Maffei). Those two texts were analyzed from the non-fiction point of view in order toanswer the question whether they are examples of said genre, even if ante litteram.
Keywords: non fiction, Giuseppe Bianchini, Cornelia Zangheri, 18th century, chronicl
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