131,213 research outputs found
Probable adverse effects of long term use of somatostatin analogues in patients with RA [5] (multiple letters)
No full textMeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Em busca de uma arqueologia brasileira : Universidade do Paran?, d?cadas de 1950 a 1970
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-24Esta disserta??o teve por objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento do pensamento arqueol?gico no Estado do Paran?. Considerando a historicidade da ci?ncia e os contextos de produ??o de ideias, tal estudo buscou entender os mecanismos e estrat?gias levadas a cabo por Jos? Loureiro Fernandes para promover cursos de aperfei?oamento na Universidade do Paran?, nas d?cadas de 1950 a 1970. A fim de organizar as ideias no tempo e no espa?o, a disserta??o foi dividida em quatro cap?tulos. Nos dois primeiros, de forma introdut?ria e sobre o desenvolvimento da ci?ncia paranaense, buscou-se mapear as principais informa??es no campo da arqueologia paranaense produzidas at? a d?cada de 1950, seja por viajantes e colecionadores particulares, seja por autodidatas no Museu Paranaense. A partir da constata??o de Loureiro Fernandes da destrui??o de s?tios arqueol?gicos e, havendo car?ncia de t?cnicas e teorias para uma interven??o adequada e, ainda, devido ao decl?nio das atividades do Museu, notou-se a transfer?ncia das atividades para o ?mbito da Universidade do Paran? no in?cio da d?cada de 1950. Com poucos recursos financeiros algumas pesquisas foram realizadas, acompanhadas por estudantes que tomavam contato com modelos e m?todos de escava??o. Da documenta??o analisada, observou-se o intenso empenho pol?ticopedag?gico de Loureiro Fernandes junto aos ?rg?os de fomento, e entre contatos e viagem internacionais, tomava forma mais clara seu projeto de promover cursos regulares para capacitar estudantes universit?rios interessados na pesquisa arqueol?gica. Com a cria??o do CEPA em 1956, alguns destes cursos foram analisados, como os promovidos pelo casal franc?s Joseph Emperaire e Annette Laming, Wesley Hurt, o casal norte-americano Clifford Evans e Betty Meggers, e outros professores brasileiros. Como resultado dos cursos, alunos foram capacitados para enfrentar os problemas arqueol?gicos brasileiros, teorias foram discutidas e testadas, terminologias criadas, metodologias aperfei?oadas, enfim, da mistura de vis?es de ci?ncia propiciou-se um repert?rio pr?prio, visto atualmente por muitos daqueles alunos como de suma import?ncia para o desenvolvimento da arqueologia brasileira, que naquela ?poca encontrava-se em fase quase amadora
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Hypertension and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
No full textAlzheimer's disease is the most prevalent and common form of cognitive impairment, ie, dementia, in the elderly followed in second place by vascular dementia due to the microangiopathy associated with poorly-controlled hypertension. Besides blood pressure elevation, advancing age is the strongest risk factor for dementia. Deterioration of intellectual function and cognitive skills that leads to the elderly patient becoming more and more dependent in his, her, activities of daily living, ie, bathing, dressing, feeding self, locomotion, and personal hygiene. It has been known and demonstrated for many years that lowering of blood pressure from a previous hypertensive point can result in stroke prevention yet lowering of blood pressure does not prevent the microangiopathy that leads to white matter demyelinization which when combined with the clinical cognitive deterioration is compatible with a diagnosis of vascular dementia. It is known from many large studies, ie, SHEP, SCOPE, and HOPE, that lowering of blood pressure gradually will not and should not worsen the cognitive impairment. However, if the pressure is uncontrolled a stroke which might consequently occur would further worsen their cognitive derangement. So an attempt at slow reduction of blood pressure since cerebral autoregulation is slower as age increases is in the patient's best interest. It is also important to stress that control of blood glucose can also be seen as an attempt to prevent vascular dementia from uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Vascular dementia is not considered one of the reversible causes of dementia. Reversible causes of cognitive impairment are over medication with centrally acting drugs such as sedatives, hypnotics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, electrolyte imbalance such as hyponatremia, azotemia, chronic liver disease, and poor controlled chronic congestive heart failure. Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia include cognitive decline in regards to preceding functionally higher level characterized by alterations in memory and in two or more superior cortical functions that include orientation, attention, verbal linguistic capacities, visual spacial skills, calculation, executive functioning, motor control, abstraction and judgment. Patients with disturbances of consciousness, delirium (acute confusional states), psychosis, serious aphasia, or sensory-motor alterations that preclude proper execution of neuro-psychological testing are also considered to have probably vascular dementia. Furthermore, these are ten of the other essential cerebral or systematic pathologies present that would be able to produce a dementia syndrome
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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