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The Hermeneutics of the Socinian Atheology of the Polish Brethren. Introduction of a Democratic Political Philosophy
Full text linkThe paper discusses the arguments in favor of the proposition that an atheistic concept is not just one where “God does not exist” (in a sense bequeathed on it by theologies) but also one where, despite a declarative belief in the idea of God understood in religious terms, it formulates its creed in a socio-cultural and axiological order in ways that diametrically contradict a view of God seen as the supreme level of an absolute hierarchy, embodiment of an absolute power and an exclusive competence to defining good and evil. In this understanding, atheism is an outlook, holding that the world is built non-hierarchically and there is no one absolute authority. Thus seen, the ideology of the Polish Brethren is atheistic (despite a theistic declaration).The paper discusses the arguments in favor of the proposition that an atheistic concept is not just one where “God does not exist” (in a sense bequeathed on it by theologies) but also one where, despite a declarative belief in the idea of God understood in religious terms, it formulates its creed in a socio-cultural and axiological order in ways that diametrically contradict a view of God seen as the supreme level of an absolute hierarchy, embodiment of an absolute power and an exclusive competence to defining good and evil. In this understanding, atheism is an outlook, holding that the world is built non-hierarchically and there is no one absolute authority. Thus seen, the ideology of the Polish Brethren is atheistic (despite a theistic declaration).The paper discusses the arguments in favor of the proposition that an atheistic concept is not just one where “God does not exist” (in a sense bequeathed on it by theologies) but also one where, despite a declarative belief in the idea of God understood in religious terms, it formulates its creed in a socio-cultural and axiological order in ways that diametrically contradict a view of God seen as the supreme level of an absolute hierarchy, embodiment of an absolute power and an exclusive competence to defining good and evil. In this understanding, atheism is an outlook, holding that the world is built non-hierarchically and there is no one absolute authority. Thus seen, the ideology of the Polish Brethren is atheistic (despite a theistic declaration).The paper discusses the arguments in favor of the proposition that an atheistic concept is not just one where “God does not exist” (in a sense bequeathed on it by theologies) but also one where, despite a declarative belief in the idea of God understood in religious terms, it formulates its creed in a socio-cultural and axiological order in ways that diametrically contradict a view of God seen as the supreme level of an absolute hierarchy, embodiment of an absolute power and an exclusive competence to defining good and evil. In this understanding, atheism is an outlook, holding that the world is built non-hierarchically and there is no one absolute authority. Thus seen, the ideology of the Polish Brethren is atheistic (despite a theistic declaration).W artykule twierdzi się, że ateizm polega nie tylko i nie głównie na przekonaniu, że „Boga nie ma” (w znaczeniu, jakie pojęciu Boga nadaje teologia), ale również (i przede wszystkim) na przekonaniach, które same przez się kłócą się z deklarowaną skądinąd wiarą w Boga, w szczególności takich, które odrzucają metafizyczny prymat porządku hierarchicznego, głoszą równą wartość (równość) wszystkich religii (a więc nie wyróżniają w sposób szczególny żadnego boga i jego kompetencji do decydowania o dobru i złu). Stąd też w tekście twierdzi się również, że ideologia braci polskich jest co do istoty ateistyczna, mimo iż ich tradycyjne „wyznanie wiary” pozwala, a nawet nakazuje zaliczyć ją do rzędu ideologii religijnych (gdy tymczasem „wyznanie wiary” w odpowiednie wartości metafizyczne i społeczne pozwala taką kwalifikację zrelatywizować, a nawet wręcz wykluczyć).The paper discusses the arguments in favor of the proposition that an atheistic concept is not just one where “God does not exist” (in a sense bequeathed on it by theologies) but also one where, despite a declarative belief in the idea of God understood in religious terms, it formulates its creed in a socio-cultural and axiological order in ways that diametrically contradict a view of God seen as the supreme level of an absolute hierarchy, embodiment of an absolute power and an exclusive competence to defining good and evil. In this understanding, atheism is an outlook, holding that the world is built non-hierarchically and there is no one absolute authority. Thus seen, the ideology of the Polish Brethren is atheistic (despite a theistic declaration)
Subjectiveness as Transcendency, Contribution to the Definition of Political Subjectiveness
Full text linkTo define political subjectiveness as a purpose-oriented activity brings about the
obliteration of differences between authoritarian policy and liberal-and-democratic
policy, as well as between an authoritarian and liberal-and-democratic definition of
politics. The authors of the paper considered it justified to move from the common
comprehension of subjectiveness to its metaphysical aspect, and to positioning it in the
realm of philosophical transcedency. This required them to determine the difference
between a philosophical and religious meaning of tanscendency. This difference is
demonstrated in the article
HABERMAS’ COMMUNICATIVE ACTION AND ITS PLATONIC, BIBLICAL AND METAPHYSICAL CONSOLIDATION AN INTRODUCTION TO DEMOCRATICAL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
No full textIn this paper we would like to present a certain philosophical concept, which may be related to some contemporary philosophical controversies (and to political philosophy’ controversies included) concentrated around such problems as, the meaning of metaphysics and as the understanding of freedom. We are going also to say a word about the particularity of the philosophical understanding of reality, including the status of intention for agreement. The concept we present further for additional foundation of the Habermas’ idea of communicative action is a compound of metaphysics itself, and of our own concept of metaphysics, and of the two particular questions – interpretation of Plato’s philosophy as well as interpretation of the Biblical message about anthropogenesis
On the ''Decalogue'' of Political Ethics and Liberal Democracy
No full textThe issue of morality in politics has been bothering political scientists since time
immemorial. Throughout all this time attempts have been made to create a system of
political ethics. These attempts have mainly been characterized by the tendency to
make this ethical system universal (in conformity with a controversial assumption that
it is possible – and indispensable – to offer a single, commonly observed ethical system)
on the one hand, and by failing to consistently distinguish political norms of ethics
from those of other kinds on the other.
The proposal of a system of ethical norms presented below is based on the Judaic-
Christian Decalogue. What is significant though, is that it only concerns the form
– in particular the first ‘commandment’ is an unsurpassable (yet not the only one feasible)
formula to combine the actually antinomic fundamental values; in terms of the
content the ethics of liberal democracy (including political ethics) is a contradiction of
the Decalogue.
It should be pointed out that the fact that the liberal-democratic ‘decalogue’ is written
in the first person singular is by no means a coincidence; and this is so because unlike
in authoritarian ethics, where the system of norms comes from the giver who is not
actually subjected to them, liberal-democratic ethics (both the political and ethical aspects)
does not distinguish between the givers of the norms and the remaining subjects
obligated to observe the norms they did not make themselves.
Also, the list of norms presented may be considered incomplete, and this is actually
the case. The same concerns the Judaic-Christian Decalogue also, in fact it is only the
first commandment that is not accidental, the one that provides a key to the interpretation
of the entire ethical system; in the ‘old’ decalogue the key is the principle of rules
and obedience, in the present one – the principle of mutual acknowledgement of both
parties’ equal status
Ateizm, metafizyka i filozofia demokracji. Refleksje o teologii Braci Polskich
Full text linkThe article is devoted to arguments for the thesis that not only the concept – according to which “God does not exist” (God in the sense given to him by theologies) – is indeed atheistic but also the theory which, initially declaring attachment to the idea of God religiously understood, simultaneously formulates its confession of faith in the socio-cultural and axiological order in a way fundamentally contradictory to the image of God as the highest level of the absolute hierarchy, the personification of absolute power, and exclusive competence to define good and evil. In this sense, atheism is the view of the fundamentally non-hierarchical structure of the world and the non-existence of one absolute authority. In this sense, atheism is (despite the theistic declaration) the worldview of the Polish Brethren.Artykuł poświęcony jest argumentom na rzecz tezy, że istotnie ateistyczna jest nie tylko koncepcja, zgodnie z którą „Bóg nie istnieje” (Bóg w znaczeniu, jakie nadają mu teologie), ale również teoria, która, wstępnie deklarując przywiązanie do idei Boga religijnie rozumianego, zarazem formułuje swoje wyznanie wiary w porządek społeczno-kulturowy i aksjologiczny w sposób zasadniczo sprzeczny z wizerunkiem Boga jako najwyższego szczebla absolutnej hierarchii, jako uosobienia absolutnej siły i wyłącznej kompetencji do definiowania dobra i zła. Ateizmem w tym rozumieniu jest pogląd o zasadniczo niehierarchicznej budowie świata i o nieistnieniu jednego absolutnego autorytetu i ateizmem w tym rozumieniu jest (pomimo teistycznej deklaracji) światopogląd Braci Polskich
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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