1,721,008 research outputs found
Schumacher et al (raw data)
No full textZip file includes all figures of the Schumacher et al. manuscript with PDF files providing the original image data and Excel calculations that were used to generate the figures.The intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans. The symptoms of C. difficile-associated diseases (CDADs) are directly associated with the pathogen’s toxins TcdA and TcdB, which enter host cells and inactivate Rho and/or Ras GTPases by glucosylation. Membrane cholesterol is crucial during the intoxication process of TcdA and TcdB, and likely involved during pore formation of both toxins in endosomal membranes, a key step after cellular uptake for the translocation of the glucosyltransferase domain of both toxins from endosomes into the host cell cytosol. The licensed drug amiodarone, a multichannel blocker commonly used in the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias, is also capable of inhibiting endosomal acidification and, as shown recently, cholesterol biosynthesis. Thus, we were keen to investigate in vitro with cultured cells and human intestinal organoids, whether amiodarone preincubation protects from TcdA and/or TcdB intoxication. Amiodarone conferred protection against both toxins independently and in combination as well as against toxin variants from the clinically relevant, epidemic C. difficile strain NAP1/027. Further mechanistic studies suggested that amiodarone’s mode-of-inhibition involves also interference with the translocation pore of both toxins. Our study opens the possibility of repurposing the licensed drug amiodarone as a novel pan-variant antitoxin therapeutic in the context of CDADs
Einfluss der Exposition des Herbizids Glyphosat und insektizider Neonikotinoide auf die frühe Embryonalentwicklung von Xenopus laevis
No full textUm die Auswirkungen von Pestiziden auf die Embryonalentwicklung von Xenopus laevis genauer beurteilen und eine gefahrlose Nutzung der Pestizide für Nicht- Zielorganismen gewährleisten zu können, ist es wichtig, deren Auswirkungen auf Nicht-Zielorganismen im Detail zu untersuchen. Vor allem sind hierbei Pestizide von großem Interesse, die weltweit und in großen Mengen eingesetzt werden, wie das Herbizid Glyphosat und die insektiziden Neonikotinoide Thiacloprid und Acetamiprid.
Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass sowohl Glyphosat als auch die untersuchten Neonikotinoide negative Auswirkungen auf die Embryonalentwicklung des Nicht- Zielorganismus Xenopus laevis haben. Aufgrund der Auswirkungen der drei Pestizide auf die unterschiedlichen Gewebe und Organe sind die Ergebnisse auch für die in der Natur lebenden Amphibien relevant. Die Veränderungen in der Mobilität beispielsweise können negative Folgen für die erfolgreiche Futtersuche der Kaulquappen haben oder auch die Flucht vor Fressfeinden erschweren. Zudem stellen vor allem die Auswirkungen auf das Herz und dessen Funktionen ein Risiko für das Leben und Überleben der Froschembryonen dar. Die allgemeine Weiterentwicklung der Kaulquappe zum adulten Frosch muss weiter untersucht werden, um den Einfluss von Pestiziden auf Nicht-Zielorganismen und deren Zusammenhang mit dem Amphibiensterben besser zu verstehen.
Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die strikte Einhaltung der richtigen Handhabung und der Anwendungsgebiete und -zeiten von Pestiziden für das Leben des Nicht- Zielorganismus Xenopus laevis von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Das weltweite Amphibiensterben, das zum Teil eine Folge des Einsatzes von Pestiziden ist (Hayes u. a. 2006; Brühl u. a. 2013), sollte Anlass sein, über die Bedeutung einer strengen und effizienten Überwachung der vorgeschriebenen Werte und Anwendungsgebiete nachzudenken. Darüber hinaus könnte eine bessere Ausbildung von Personen, die mit Pestiziden arbeiten, unter anderem eine Minimierung möglicher negativer Auswirkungen auf Mensch, Tier und Umwelt gewährleisten
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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