1,721,461 research outputs found
An Electrochromic Device Combining Polypyrrole And Wo3 - I. Liquid Electrolyte
No full textIn this work we assembled an electrochromic device using as active materials an organic conductive polymer and a transition metal oxide. We studied the materials used to assemble the device separately, and in complete devices. These materials were: polypyrrole doped with dodecylsulfate and tungsten oxide. The substrates used were glass slides coated with tin doped indium oxide, and the electrolyte was a propylene carbonate solution of lithium perchlorate. We adjusted the charge balance and the chromatic contrast of the devices by controlling the thickness of the polypyrrole films. To illustrate the results obtained, we describe two devices with different polypyrrole film thicknesses. The chromatic contrast in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range is 40% and the electrical and optical properties of the devices remain unchanged after 104 double potential chronoamperometric steps. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.411828052816Osaka, T., Ogano, S., Naoi, K., (1989) J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, p. 306Somasini, N.L.D., MacDiarmid, A.G., (1988) J. Appl. Electrochem., 18, p. 92Goto, F., Okabayashi, K., Yoshida, T., Morimoto, H., (1987) J. Power Sources, 20, p. 243Noufi, R., Nozik, A.J., White, J., Warren, L.F., (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, p. 226Josowiaz, M., Janata, J., (1986) J. Anal. Chem., 58, p. 514Bull, R.A., Fan, F.R., Bard, A.J., (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, p. 687Heinze, J., (1991) Synth. Met., 41, p. 2805Zoppi, R.A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1993) Quim. Nova, 16, p. 560Scrosati, B., Laminated electrochromic displays and windows (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, p. 267. , (Edited by B. Scrosati), Chapman and Hall, LondonGustafson, J.C., Inganas, O., (1994) Synth. Met., 62, p. 17Mastragostino, M., Marinangeli, A.M., Corradini, A., Giacobbe, C., (1989) Synth. Met., 28, pp. C501Kobayashi, T., Yoneyama, H., Tamura, H., (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem., 161, p. 419Garnier, F., Tourillon, G., Gazard, M., Dubois, J.E., (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem., 148, p. 299De Paoli, M.-A., Panero, S., Paserini, S., Scrosati, B., (1990) Adv. Mater., 2, p. 480Peres, R.C.D., Pernaut, J.M., De Paoli, M.-A., (1989) Synth. Met., 28, pp. C59Peres, R.C.D., De Paoli, M.-A., Torresi, R., (1992) Synth. Met., 48, p. 259Matencio, T., De Paoli, M.-A., Peres, R.C.D., Torresi, R.M., Cordoba De Torresi, S.I., (1995) Synth. Met., 72, p. 59Duek, E.A.R., De Paoli, M.-A., (1994) Adv. Mat., 4, p. 287Duek, E.A.R., De Paoli, M.-A., Mastragostino, M., (1993) Adv. Mater., 5, p. 650Tassi, E.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1994) Electrochim. Acta, 39, p. 2481Rocco, A.M., De Paoli, M.-A., (1993) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 4, p. 97De Paoli, M.-A., Rocco, A.M., Lourenço, A., submittedReichman, B., Bard, A.J., (1979) Electrochem. Kinetics, 126, p. 583Peres, R.C.D., De Paoli, M.-A., Torresi, R., (1992) Synth. Met., 48, p. 259Bange, K., Gambke, T., (1990) Adv. Mater., 2, p. 1
Photoelectrochemical Properties Of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
No full textThe photoelectrochemical properties of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/ poly(styrene sulfonate) in contact with an electrolytic solution containing a redox couple were studied using the theories for the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. When this polymer-electrolyte interface is illuminated with hv > Eg (gap energy) it exhibits cathodic photocurrent typical of p-type semiconductors, and the flat band potential, density of majority carriers, and the depletion layer thickness can be determined. To complete the band energy diagram of this polymer-electrolyte interface we obtained the band gap energy through the absorption and photocurrent spectra. The relatively low band gap energy (1.5 eV) and the photoeffects observed at the interface suggest its use as the absorbing material in photoelectrochemical cells. © 2000 American Chemical Society.1042661246127Koryta, J., Dvorak, J., Kavan, L., (1993) Principles of Electrochemistry, 2nd Ed., , John Wiley: New YorkBard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R., (1980) Electrochemical Methods - Fundamentals and Applications, , John Wiley: New YorkBantikassegn, W., Inganäs, O., (1995) Thin Solid Films, 293, p. 138Camaioni, N., Casalbore-Miceli, G., Geri, A., Zotti, G., (1998) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 31, p. 1245Gerischer, H., (1990) Electrochim. Acta, 35, p. 1677Miquelino, F.L.C., De Paoli, M.-A., Geniès, E.M., (1994) Synth. Met., 68, p. 91Martini, M., De Paoli, M.-A., (2000) Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 60, p. 73Das Neves, S., De Paoli, M.-A., (1998) Synth. Met., 96, p. 48Maia, D.J., Das Neves, S., Alves, O.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1999) Electrochim. Acta, 44, p. 1945Gazotti, W.A., Faez, R., De Paoli, M.-A., (1996) J. Electroanal. Chem., 415, p. 107Micaroni, L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1996) Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 46, p. 79Pei, Q., Zucarello, G., Ahlskog, M., Inganäs, O., (1994) Polymer, 35, p. 1347Dietrich, M., Heinze, J., Heywang, G., Jonas, F., (1994) J. Electroanal. Chem., 369, p. 87De Paoli, M.-A., Casalbore-Miceli, G., Gazotti, W.A., Girotto, E.M., (1999) Electrochim. Acta, 44, p. 2983Micaroni, L., Polo Da Fonseca, C.N., Decker, F., De Paoli, M.-A., (2000) Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 60, p. 127Abrantes, L.M., Castillo, L.M., Fleischmann, M., Hill, I.R., Peter, L.M., Mengoli, G., Zotti, G., (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem., 177, p. 129Li, Z., Dong, S., (1992) Electrochim. Acta, 37, p. 1003Glenis, S., Tourillon, G., Garnier, F., (1986) Thin Solid Films, 139, p. 221Butler, M.A., (1977) J. Appl. Phys., 48, p. 1914Finklea, H., (1988) Semiconductors Electrodes, , Elsevier: New YorkSunde, S., Hagen, G., Odegard, R., (1993) J. Electroanal. Chem., 345, p. 59Glenis, S., Tourillon, G., Garnier, F., (1984) Thin Solid Films, 122, p. 9Wilson, R.H., (1977) J. Appl. Phys., 48, p. 4292Skotheim, T., (1981) Appl. Phys. Lett., 38, p. 9Gerischer, H., (1981) Photovoltaic and Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion, , Cordon, S., Gomes, W. P., Dekeyser, W., Eds.Plenum Press: New YorkWöhrle, D., Meissner, D., (1991) Adv. Mater., 3, p. 12
An Electrochromic Device Combining Polypyrrole And Wo3 Ii: Solid-state Device With Polymeric Electrolyte
No full textIn this work we describe the assembling of a solid-state electrochromic device using, as active materials, an organic conductive polymer and a transition metal oxide. The optically active materials were dodecylsulfate doped polypyrrole and tungsten oxide. The substrates used were glass slides coated with tin-doped indium oxide and the solid elastomeric electrolyte was the copolymer of ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin containing lithium perchlorate. Initially, we studied separately the materials used to assemble the device and, in sequence, we assembled and characterized the complete devices. The thickness of the polypyrrole and the electrolyte films were varied to obtain the highest chromatic contrast, stability over a high number of redox cycles, and short response times. The characterizations were made by spectroelectrochemistry using the techniques of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. To illustrate the results obtained, we describe two devices with different polypyrrole and electrolyte film thicknesses. The chromatic contrast in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range is 30% and the electric and optical properties of the devices remain unchanged after 1.5 × 104 double potential chronoamperometric steps. © 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.43501/02/15217224Osaka, T., Ogano, S., Naoi, K., (1989) J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, p. 306Somasini, N.L.D., Mac Diarmid, A.G., (1988) J. Appl. Electrochem., 18, p. 92Goto, F., Okabayashi, K., Yoshida, T., Morimoto, H., (1987) J. Power Sources, 20, p. 243Noufi, R., Nozik, A.J., White, J., Warren, L.F., (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, p. 226Josowiaz, M., Janata, J., (1986) J. Anal. Chem., 58, p. 514Bull, R.A., Fan, F.R., Bard, A.J., (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, p. 687Zoppi, R.A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1993) Quim. Nova, 16, p. 560Scrosati, B., Laminated electrochromic display and windows (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, p. 267. , B. Scrosati (Ed.), Chapman & Hall, LondonGustafson, J.C., Inganas, O., (1994) Synth. Met., 62, p. 17Duek, E.A.R., De Paoli, M.-A., (1994) Adv. Mater., 4, p. 287Duek, E.A.R., De Paoli, M.-A., Mastragostino, M., (1993) Adv. Mater., 5, p. 650Goulart Silva, G., Lemes, N.H., Polo Da Fonseca, C.N., De Paoli, M.-A., (1997) Solid State Ionics, 93, p. 105Tassi, E.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1994) Electrochim. Acta, 39, p. 2481De Paoli, M.-A., Panero, S., Paserini, S., Scrosati, B., (1990) Adv. Mater., 2, p. 480Peres, R.C.D., Pernaut, J.M., De Paoli, M.-A., (1989) Synth. Met., 28, pp. C59Rocco, A.M., De Paoli, M.-A., (1993) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 4, p. 97Peres, R.C.D., De Paoli, M.-A., Torresi, R., (1992) Synth. Met., 48, p. 259Matencio, T., De Paoli, M.-A., Peres, R.C.D., Torresi, R.M., Cordoba De Torresi, S.I., (1995) Synth. Met., 72, p. 59Rocco, A.M., De Paoli, M.-A., Zanelli, A., Mastragostino, M., (1996) Electrochim. Acta, 41, p. 2805Granqvist, C.G., (1993) Phys. Thin Solid Films, 17, p. 301Jelle, B.P., Hagen, G., (1993) J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, p. 3560Bange, K., Gambke, T., (1990) Adv. Mater., 2, p. 10Ferloni, P., Mastragostino, M., Meneghello, L., (1996) Electrochim. Acta, 41, p. 28Kohuia, S., Horucai, T., Yamashita, S., (1992) Electrochim. Acta, 37, p. 17121Reichman, B., Bard, A.J., (1979) Electrochem. Kinetics, 126, p. 58
Electrochemistry, Polymers And Opto-electronic Devices: A Combination With A Future
No full textElectrochemistry came into life with the invention of the pile, by Volta in 1800. He combined different metal discs with a piece of tissue, swollen with an aqueous salt solution. The so-called Pila di Volta used a polymer for the first time in an electrochemical device and can be seen as a powerful idea to create new devices. Recently, polymers became an alternative to make thin and flexible devices. Thus, we find transparent plastic electrodes based on poly(ethylene terephtalate) coated with a transition metal oxide. There are also polymer electrolytes based on complexes of inorganic salts and poly(ethylene oxide) derivatives, with reasonable ionic conductivity in the absence of solvents. Finally, the electroactive polymers are efficient substitutes for the inorganic semiconductors because they can be synthetically tailored to produce the desired electronic answer. 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A Conductive Rubber Based On Epdm And Polyaniline I. Doping Method Effect
No full textIn this work a methodology is described to prepare blends of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber and polyaniline (PAni) by mechanical mixture. PAni was synthesized by chemical polymerization in a pilot-plant scale and doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (PAni-DBSA). Different doping methods were used: solution, grinding in a mortar and reactive processing. PAni-DBSA acts simultaneously as reinforcement and conductive filler for EPDM rubber, independently of the doping method. Swelling measurements for blends showed that EPDM is partially soluble, evidencing partial interaction between the components. We show that a conductive rubber based on EPDM and PAni can be prepared by reactive processing without a crosslinking agent. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.37611391143Andreatta, A., Heeger, A.J., Smith, P., (1990) Polym Commun, 31, p. 275De Paoli, M.-A., Waltman, R.J., Diaz, A.F., Bargon, J., (1984) J Chem Soc Chem Commun, p. 1015De Paoli, M.-A., (1997) Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, 2, p. 773. , Nalwa HS, editor. New York: WileyHeeger, A.J., (1993) Synth Met, 57, p. 3471MacDiarmid, A.G., Chiang, J.C., Richter, A.F., Epstein, A.J., (1987) Synth Met, 18, p. 285Cao, Y., Treacy, M., Smith, P., Heeger, A.J., (1992) Appl Phys Lett, 60, p. 2711Schaklette, L.W., Han, C.C., Luly, M.H., (1993) Synth Met, 55-57, p. 3532Cao, Y., Smith, P., Heeger, A.J., (1993) Synth Met, 48, p. 91Cao, Y., Smith, P., Heeger, A.J., (1993) Synth Met, 57, p. 3514Laasko, T.J., Levon, K., (1994) Solid State Commun, 92, p. 393Ikkala, O.T., Lindholm, T.M., Ruohonen, H., Seläntaus, M., Väkiparta, K., (1995) Synth Met, 69, p. 135Levon, K., Ho, K.-H., Zheng, W.-Y., Laaskso, J., Kärnä, T., Taka, T., Österholm, J.E., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 2733Ikkala, O.T., Laakso, J., Väkiparta, K., Virtanen, E., Ruohonen, H., Taka, T., Passiniemi, P., Österholm, J.E., (1995) Synth Met, 69, p. 97Freitas, P.S., Preparação de Polianilina Em Escala Piloto e Seu Processamento, , PhD Thesis, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, BrazilGazotti, W.A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1996) Synth Met, 80, p. 263Coleman, L.B., (1975) Rev Sci Instrum, 46, p. 1125Tassi, E.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1990) J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 155Zilberman, M., Titelman, G.I., Siegmann, A., Haba, Y., Narkis, M., Alperstein, D., (1997) J Appl Polym Sci, 66, p. 243Faez, R., Gazotti, W.A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1999) Polymer, 40, p. 549
All-polymeric Electrochromic And Photoelectrochemical Devices: New Advances
No full textFlexible and solid-state electrochromic and photoelectrochemical devices were assembled using PET-ITO flexible electrodes as substrate to the electroactive layers and a polymer electrolyte based on poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide). Large area all-polymeric electrochromic device (20 cm2) consisted of a sandwich-type cell of electrodes modified with poly(o-methoxy aniline) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) films. The device exhibited a very high optical contrast (transparent to dark blue), with ΔT%=75% at λ=640 nm, however, it partially loses optical contrast after 100 redox cycles, resulting in ΔT%=42%. The solid-state flexible photoelectrochemical solar cell consisted of a dye-sensitized porous TiO2 electrode and a Pt counter-electrode assembled with the polymer electrolyte containing the I3-/I- redox couple. This cell exhibited an open circuit potential of 0.83 V, a short-circuit photocurrent of 0.19 mA cm-2 and an efficiency of 0.09% (100 mW cm-2). The low efficiency for energy conversion, in comparison to cells with liquid electrolytes, was attributed to the polymer electrolyte and the reduced mobility of I3- in such medium as well as to the poor electronic contact between the TiO2 particles in the porous film. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.4626-2742434249Gazotti, W.A., Casalbore-Miceli, G., Geri, A., Berlin, A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1998) Adv. Mater., 10, p. 1522De Paoli, M.-A., Casalbore-Miceli, G., Girotto, E.M., Gazotti, W.A., (1999) Electrochim. Acta, 44, p. 2983Girotto, E.M., De Paoli, M.-A., (1999) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 10, p. 3944Pichot, F., Ferrere, S., Pitts, R.J., Gregg, B.A., (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, p. 4324Brabec, C.J., Padinger, F., Hummelen, J.C., Janssen, R.A.J., Sariciftci, N.S., (1999) Synth. 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Conductive Polymer Blends As Electrochromic Materials
No full textConductive polymer blends were prepared mixing conductive and insulating polymers and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were studied. Depending on the insulator matrix used, these properties are not changed. Blend containing polyacrylonitrile and poly(o-methoxyaniline) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid presents the same electrochemical and electrochromic behavior as the pure conducting polymer. Other blends studied were those obtained by combining poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) with poly(o-methoxyaniline) and poly(4,4′-dipentoxy-2,2′-bithiophene). An electrochromic device using these polymer blends and a liquid electrolyte was assembled and presented Δ%T620nm=56%. This contrast decreased after 300 double potential steps to 33%.441219651971Echte, A., (1993) Handbuch der Technischen Polymerchemie, p. 663. , VCH Verlag, WeinheimOsaka, T., Ogano, S., Naoi, K., (1989) J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, p. 306Noufi, R., Nozik, A.J., White, J., Warren, L.F., (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, p. 226Josowiaz, M., Janata, J., (1986) J. Anal. Chem., 58, p. 514Bull, R.A., Fan, F.R., Bard, A.J., (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, p. 687Heinze, J., (1991) Synth. Met., 41, p. 2085Laakso, J., Osterholm, J-E., Nyholm, P., Stubb, H., Punnka, E., (1990) Synth. Met., 37, p. 145Gonçalves, D., Waddon, A., Karasz, F.E., Akcerlud, L., (1995) Synth. Met., 74, p. 197Chen, Y., Qian, R., Li, G., Li, Y., (1991) Polym. Commun., 32, p. 189De Paoli, M.-A., Peres, R.C.D., Duek, E.A.R., Pandalai, S.G., (1994) Current Topics in Electrochemistry, 3, p. 409. , (Eds.), Council of Scientific Information, TrivandrumMastragostino, M., Scrosati, B., (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, p. 223. , (Eds.), Chapman & Hall, LondonScrosati, B., Scrosati, B., (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, p. 299. , (Eds.), Chapman & Hall, LondonMastragostino, M., Marinangeli, A.M., Corradini, A., Giacobbe, C., (1989) Synth. Met., 28, p. 501Gustafson, J.C., Inganas, O., (1994) Synth. Met., 62, p. 17Roncali, J., Garnier, F., (1988) J. Phys. Chem., 92, p. 833Gazotti Jr, W.A., De Paoli, M-A., (1996) Synth. Met., 80, p. 263De Paoli, M-A., Waltman, R.J., Diaz, A.F., Bargon, J., (1984) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1015Mano, V., Felisberti, M.I., Matencio, T., De Paoli, M-A., (1996) Polymer, 37, p. 5165De Paoli, M-A., Maia, D.J., (1994) J. Mater. Chem., 4, p. 1799Malmonge, L.F., Mattoso, L.H.C., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 245Geniès, E.M., Boyle, A., Lapkowski, M., Tsintavis, C., (1990) Synth. Met., 36, p. 139Huang, W-S., Humphrey, B.D., MacDiarmid, A.G., (1986) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 82, p. 2385Watanabe, A., Mori, K., Mikuni, M., Nakamura, Y., Matsuda, M., (1989) Macromolecules, 22, p. 3323Gazotti W.A., Jr., Jannini, M.J.D.M., Córdoba De Torresi, S.I., De Paoli, M.-A., (1998) J. Electroanal. Chem., , in pressGazotti W.A., Jr., Faez, R., De Paoli, M.-A., (1996) J. Electroanal. Chem., 415, p. 107Zotti, G., Gallazzi, M.C., Zerbi, G., Meille, S.V., (1995) Synth. Met., 73, p. 217Arbizzani, C., Mastragostino, M., Meneghello, L., Morselli, M., Zanelli, A., (1996) J. Appl. Electrochem., 26, p. 121Silva, G.G., Lemes, N.H., Polo Da Fonseca, C.M.N., De Paoli, M-A., (1996) Solid State Ionics, 93, p. 105Duek, E.A.R., De Paoli, M-A., Mastragostino, M., (1993) Adv. Mater., 5, p. 650De Paoli, M-A., Zanelli, A., Mastragostino, M., Rocco, A.M., (1997) J. Electroanal. Chem., 435, p. 21
Polyaniline Intercalation In α-sn(hpo4)2.h2o
No full textIn this work we report the preparation of a inorganic-organic nanocomposite, obtained by the in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline inside the layers of α-Sn(HPO4)2.H2O (α-SnP). Two approaches were used to obtain the α-SnP/polyaniline nanocomposite. Firstly, hydrogen atoms of α-SnP were exchanged with Fe3+ cation to promote aniline polymerization. Secondly, aniline was intercalated in α-SnP and polymerization was performed by (NH4)2S2O8 solution. Both resulting material leads to formation of polyaniline in its conducting form, the emeraldine salt. The characterization results suggest the formation of linear polymer chains between the α-SnP layers.1021-312771278Geniès, E.M., Boyle, A., Lapkowski, M., Tsintavis, C., (1990) Synth. Met., 36, p. 139Enzel, P., Bein, T., (1989) J. Phys. Chem., 93, p. 6270Maia, D.J., Zarbin, A.J.G., Alves, O.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1995) Adv. Mater., 7, p. 792Zarbin, A.J.G., De Paoli, M.-A., Alves, O.L., (1997) Synth. Met., 84, p. 107Maia, D.J., Alves, O.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1997) Synth. Met., 90, p. 37Whittinghan, M.S., Jacobson, A.J., (1982) Intercalation Chemistry, p. 147. , Academic PressConstantino, U., Gasperoni, A., (1970) J. Chromatogr., 51, p. 289Furukawa, Y., Hara, T., Hyodo, Y., Harada, I., (1986) Synth. Met., 16, p. 189Geniès, E.M., Lapkowski, M., Penneau, J.F., (1988) J. Electroanal. Chem., 249, p. 9
The Role of Knowledge Base in Complex Product Systems: Some Empirical Evidence from the Jet Engine Industry’
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