1,354,055 research outputs found
Matching moods between image and text: an investigation of the interplay of emotional valence in NPOs’ social media posts
No full textThis study examines the potential for nonprofit organizations to enhance engagement on social media by manipulating the emotional valence of images and text in Instagram posts. Given the pivotal role of social media in raising awareness and attracting donors, it is crucial to comprehend the interplay between text and image emotional tones to enhance the effectiveness of social media posts. This research aims to explore the impact of emotional valence matched and mismatched between images and accompanying text on viewer engagement. Additionally, it investigates the effectiveness of overlaying captions on images compared to the standard format, where the caption is positioned below the image to complement the post. A between-subject
experimental design has been conducted. The results suggest that social media posts with emotional valence mismatch between text and image, as well as posts where the text is placed below the image rather than overlaying it, achieve higher levels of engagement
How Emotions drives Donations: A systematic literature review on emotional charity advertising
No full textThis study is the first attempt to organize and systematically review the literature on emotional advertising in the charity sector based on eliciting emotions to attract donors.
In the face of increasing competition between different players, marketing and
communication strategies become crucial to achieving the fundraising goals of each non-profit organization (NPO). When designing their advertising campaigns, NPOs often have to ponder how much they want to emphasize the negative consequences of not helping or the positive effects of helping (Erlandsson et al., 2018). In their
advertising, NPOs frequently use emotional appeals to raise awareness of their cause (Septianto and Tjiptono, 2019). Often, negative emotional appeals like guilt (Hibbert et al., 2007), anger (Vitaglione and Barnett, 2003), and sadness (Small and Verrochi, 2009) are what motivate people to donate. According to various research approaches, prosocial messages have characteristics that support the dual goals of engagement and persuasion (Bartsch and Kloss, 2019). Studies on the effects of message factors in charity advertising have addressed, for example, emotional appeals (Basil et al. 2006; Bennett, 2015), and altruistic versus selfish appeals (Chang and Lee, 2011).
Specifically, this research enriches the contributions of Wimer and Gross (2021), in which the authors focus on charity advertising in general. This study aims to narrow the field by concentrating on the impact in terms of donations of the positive or negative emotions elicited by the advertisement’s text, images, and colors.
Methodology
The research was conducted according to the systematic literature review method. This methodology was chosen to accurately answer the research questions, reduce potential bias in the selection of articles, and provide reliable results while attempting to
minimize interpretive subjectivity (Moher et al., 2009). Initially, search keywords,
target databases, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Keyword
identification was the first step in the article collection phase (Tranfield et al., 2003).
To find as many articles as possible that addressed the role of emotion in the
effectiveness of charity advertising, the following search string was chosen: [emotion* in charity advertisement* or emotion in charity donation*]. All proposed document types were included in the analysis (i.e., articles, conference papers, conference proceedings, literature reviews) by applying the above string to their title, abstract, and keywords. Regarding the choice of databases, Web of Science (WoS) has been selected for its rigorous journal selection procedure based on publication standards, expert opinions, regular appearances, and the quality of citation data, making it the most reliable source (Garfield, 1990). Initially, the goal was to select all contributions that addressed the topics of interest (e.g., emotions, charity advertising, and donations).
Then, all papers that analyzed donor behavior and people’s natural propensity to donate from a purely psychological perspective, not considering marketing and management aspects, were excluded. No exclusion criteria were applied based on the research approach (qualitative vs. quantitative) or period. This selection stemmed from a desire to observe trends in research approaches to this topic and to see if there was any change at the theoretical level over 15 years (2008-2013) due to the changing cultural context and digital transformation.
Results
We identified a total number of 126 publications on WoS. After initial screening based on title and abstract, 67 papers were included in the review. As a result, 67 documents have been retained and examined through text analysis to pinpoint the key ideas and viewpoints regarding the effectiveness of charity advertisements based on emotional cues. A secondary screening phase, consisting of the full-text reading, excluded articles. The final total amount of considered paper is 55. Regarding the annual research trend, a growing interest in emotional advertising can be observed during the reporting period. All the sources are journals belonging to the fields of advertising, nonprofit marketing, and psychology. These figures highlight a multidisciplinary interest in this topic. Finally, concerning the methodologies, all of the selected publications use quantitative approaches, and four of them make use of neuromarketing techniques including eye-tracking and electroencephalograms. Through a content analysis, the following fundamental themes have been identified: (i) the role of emotions elicited by advertising message framing, considering images and text; (ii) the role of emotions elicited by advertising message framing, considering only text; (iii) the role of emotions elicited by images and facial expressions in advertising visual content; (iv) the role of emotions elicited by advertising images’ colors; (v) the effectiveness of shocking charity campaigns. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art on the effectiveness of positive or negative emotions in promoting charitable giving. In particular, it demonstrates how incorporating different combinations of emotions (positive and negative) into a single promotional message can increase charitable giving. Pride, hope, nostalgia, guilt, and compassion are the most stimulating emotions. However, the impact on donations of using positive or negative emotions in philanthropic advertising messages is not clear. Rather, it is evident that the context of reference and the goal of the organization influence the impact of the emotions triggered by the donor. The principle of congruence between the mission of the institution and the type of emotions elicited suggests that it would be beneficial to move from this broad overview to a more focused approach to identify which emotions are most effective depending on the different domains in which the organization operates (Goenka and Van Osselaer, 2019). Finally, the articles on the psychological impact of colors opened the possibility to explore how colors and emotions influence the success of fundraising appeals. Innovative methodologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) image analysis can offer great possibilities for the development of the present study. In addition, this study could be further extended by broadening the article collection using other databases
Does the end justify the means? The persuasive power of emotions in charity advertising: a systematic literature review
No full textMost nonprofit organisations, particularly in the charity sector, mainly survive and operate because of the capital they manage to raise through donations. Consequently, fundraising campaigns are vital, and emotions play a crucial role in designing advertising appeals. Although the central role of emotions in encouraging people to donate has been widely researched, the literature presents conflicting evidence. This study aimed to fill this gap by systematically reviewing the extensive and fragmented literature focused on charity advertising and analysing the role of emotions in stimulating prosocial behaviour in the charity sector. According to the PRISMA approach, 79 articles, published between 2005 and 2023, were considered. A framework was developed to analyse emotion in charity advertising, providing an overview of the leading theories, methods, and results. The study offers implications for theory development (e.g., by suggesting future research questions derived from the primary traces of evidence) and marketing practice (e.g., by helping nonprofit organisations create more effective campaigns to stimulate donations)
Effect of glycerol addition on the anaerobic digestion process
No full textMy master's thesis focuses on the effect of adding pure glycerol as a co-substrate during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. This study is divided into two interconnected parts. The first part concerns the molecular and bioinformatic characterization of the communities in the bioreactors. Microbial populations involved in anaerobic digestion for biogas production were investigated through genomic analyses in three different phases: parallel operation, serial operation of reactor pairs, and during the addition of glycerol as a co-substrate in serial mode. The bioinformatic analysis revealed species composition and variations in alpha and beta diversity among the different phases, with glycerol addition reversing the trend. Co-digestion promoted the development of specific populations contributing to substrate degradation. Metagenomic analysis identified numerous unclassified genomic species at lower taxonomic levels, opening up new research perspectives.
The second part of the study concerns the physicochemical characterization of the system with the aim of maximizing biomethane production from sewage sludge by utilizing the priming effect of 1% (v/v) pure glycerol as a co-substrate in a serial system. Serial operation and glycerol addition increased biogas production without overloading the reactors. Further analysis is needed to confirm the specific biomethane production effects. Overall, this approach holds promise for enhancing biomethane production from sewage sludge.
Overall, this study suggests that the combination of two-stage digestion in serial bioreactors and glycerol co-digestion is an effective approach for increasing biomethane production from sewage sludge without overloading the system.Caterina Pansoni, B.Sc.Zusammenfassung in deutscher SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 202
Effect of glycerol addition on the anaerobic digestion process
No full textMy master's thesis focuses on the effect of adding pure glycerol as a co-substrate during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. This study is divided into two interconnected parts. The first part concerns the molecular and bioinformatic characterization of the communities in the bioreactors. Microbial populations involved in anaerobic digestion for biogas production were investigated through genomic analyses in three different phases: parallel operation, serial operation of reactor pairs, and during the addition of glycerol as a co-substrate in serial mode. The bioinformatic analysis revealed species composition and variations in alpha and beta diversity among the different phases, with glycerol addition reversing the trend. Co-digestion promoted the development of specific populations contributing to substrate degradation. Metagenomic analysis identified numerous unclassified genomic species at lower taxonomic levels, opening up new research perspectives.
The second part of the study concerns the physicochemical characterization of the system with the aim of maximizing biomethane production from sewage sludge by utilizing the priming effect of 1% (v/v) pure glycerol as a co-substrate in a serial system. Serial operation and glycerol addition increased biogas production without overloading the reactors. Further analysis is needed to confirm the specific biomethane production effects. Overall, this approach holds promise for enhancing biomethane production from sewage sludge.
Overall, this study suggests that the combination of two-stage digestion in serial bioreactors and glycerol co-digestion is an effective approach for increasing biomethane production from sewage sludge without overloading the system.Caterina Pansoni, B.Sc.Zusammenfassung in deutscher SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for Cultural Heritage: Opportunities and Challenges
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years and has significantly impacted various domains, including cultural heritage. Indeed, AI tech- nologies offer unprecedented capacities to analyze huge amounts of historical data, enabling researchers and art historians to uncover precious patterns, connections, and insights that might otherwise remain elusive. Also, the efficiency and accuracy of AI techniques play a pivotal role in many cultural heritage- related tasks, such as cataloging and organizing extensive cultural collections, streamlining the management of heritage resources for present and future generations. However, the integration of AI in cultural heritage also brings forth intricate ethical questions. These span over the issues of authenticity, subjectivity, and interpretation biases of an AI-empowered, reproduced, and/or generated artwork up to the legal concerns related to authorship. However, such issues are mostly undefined and unaddressed in the scholarship at the intersection on AI, ethics, and cultural heritage. This paper aims to pave the way to fill such a gap of context-sensitive ethical issues for AI in cultural heritage. To this aim, the paper first analyzes the main opportunities and benefits raised by AI in cultural heritage. Then, matching benchmark, agreed-upon AI ethics principles elaborated in the AI ethics scholarship in the last decade and relevant to cultural heritage, it highlights specific ethical risks that ought to be considered for the development and deployment of trustworthy AI in and for cultural heritage. Finally, areas requiring further attention and work, and actors call to intervene, are identified to facilitate next steps for ethics and governance of AI in cultural heritage
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Design of an Ethical Framework for Artificial Intelligence in Cultural Heritage
No full textIn recent years Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found its way into the creative and cultural industries, opening up new challenges and opportunities, poorly sufficiently explored today. However, when it comes to culture and creativity, many social and political cost factors should be taken into account. It is crucial to identify the opportunities that AI can offer in terms of the preservation, use, promotion, and accessibility of Cultural Heritage (CH). However, ethical concerns should be outlined when applying AI in cultural settings, such as for the digital replica of official UNESCO heritage sites or an unbiased explanation and interpretation of a work of art. This paper provides a first attempt to define the main ethical findings on this topic and propose it as an ethical framework to assess different risks arising from the use of AI in the CH domain. The application of this disruptive technology in the arts is evaluated through the lens of ethical principles for trustworthy AI and it explores whether the wider accessibility and improved preservation techniques enabled by AI come at some cost in terms of interpretation, social and cultural inclusion, subjectivism, or other forms of bias. The main ethical principles that emerge from the literature for the application of AI in the cultural domain are the following: Shared Responsibility, Meaningful Participation, Explainability, Accessibility, Sustainability, Reliability and Dignity. The findings underline the importance of establishing specific sectoral ethical guidelines for AI in the field of tangible and intangible CH to support and enhance its sustainable development without compromising its values, significance, sense of belonging and strong social impact
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