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Youth awareness on illegal substances on the Example of Tapa municipality
No full textViimased aastad on näidanud, et noorte seas on jätkuvalt kasvu trendiks mõnuainete tarbimine. Eestis oli 2020. aasta seisuga 38% (üle kolmandiku) 15-16 aastastest õpilastest tarvitanud enda sõnul mõnda narkootilist ainet. Kuid kui vaadata varasemaid uuringuaastaid, siis on näha kasvutrendi narkootiliste ainete tarvitamises kooliõpilaste seas.
Lõputöö teema on aktuaalne seetõttu, et mõnuained pole meie seast kadunud ning kooliõpilaste seas mõnuainete tarvitamine on kasvutrendis. Kindlasti on kõikidel mõnuainete proovijatel omad põhjused, miks on nad seda teinud. Kuid tihtipeale on nendeks põhjusteks sõprade ja teiste eakaaslaste poolne sotsiaalne survestamine ning tahe kuuluda kindlasse seltskonda või mõjutavad inimest hoopis mõned isiklikud probleemid, mis tegelikult vajaks teistsugust lähenemist. Ainete tarvitamisega võivad kaasnevad erinevad terviseprobleemid, haridustee katkemine, sõltuvus, tööturu passiivsus, kuritegevus ning ka koormus hoolekandesüsteemile ja tervishoiule. See kõik mõjub laastavalt ühiskonnale ning mis omakorda tähendab uute sotsiaalprobleemide tekkimist, mis vajavad aga kindlasti lahendust.
Autori peamiseks eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, kui teadlikud on Tapa valla gümnaasiumiklasside noored ning millised on nende enda tarbimisharjumused. Töö raames koostati anonüümne küsimustik, mis toetus autori poolt seatud kolmele uurimisküsimusele. Küsimustikku jagati lingi abil Tapa ja Tamsalu gümnaasiumiga, millele said vastata mõlema kooli 10.-12. klasside õpilased. Kokku laekus 90 vastust.
Küsitlusest selgus, et üle poolte vastanutest on kokku puutunud uimastitega. Lisaks sellele sai autor teada, et peamine aine, millega noortel kokkupuude on olnud, on kanep. Sama on ka selgunud varasematest uuringutest, mis on Eestis läbiviidud ning kus on uuritud koolinoorte uimastite tarvitamist. Uuringust tuli välja ka see, et nii mõnedki koolinoored on tarvitanud samaaegselt mitut mõnuainet, mis on aga tegelikult väga ohtlik ning mis võib viia traagiliste tagajärgedeni.
Töö autor jääb ka seisukohale, et tuleks siiski teha rohkem teavitustööd ainetest ning nende mõjust noore inimese organismile. On näha, et on mõningad puudujäägid noorte teadlikkuses, kuna ei teata, kui puhas on aine ning millised mõjud on tegelikult tarvitamisel. Küsitluse läbiviimine Tapa valla koolides näitas, et tegelikult on meie ümber inimesi, kes tarvitavad meelemürke ning millest võib ka järeldada, et tegu on sotsiaalse nähtusega, kus tarvitatakse aineid sõprusseltskondades. Samuti selgus uuringust, et valdav enamus siiski ei tunne süütunnet ega pole teinud endale ka etteheiteid seoses mõnuainete tarvitamisega. Lisaks sellele tuli vastuseid analüüsides välja, et Lääne-Virumaal on illegaalsete uimastite kättesaadavust hinnatud pigem kergeks, mis on aga suureks murekohaks.
Tööst selgusid ka enim levinumad ained noorte seas. Teadusallikatest sai autor teada, millist mõju avaldavad narkootilised ained inimese organismile ning millised on ohud üleannustamise korral ning millised avaldumisviisid on erinevatel mõnuainetel.
Kui tugineda E. Eriksoni arenguteooriale ning A. Bandura sotsiaalse õppimise teooriale, siis on näha, et väga suurt rolli mängivad noorte elus sõbrad, kellelt omandatakse ka erinevad käitumismallid, olenemata sellest, kas tegemist on positiivsete või negatiivsete käitumismallidega. Lapsed õpivad väga palju enda lähedaste pealt. Kui nooruk on need omaks võtnud ning on arvamusel, et nii on õige, siis on väga suur tõenäosus, et need kanduvad edasi ka hilisemasse ellu, mistõttu võivad välja kujuneda erinevad harjumused ning sõltuvused, millest vabaneda on väga keeruline.
Kokkuvõtvalt saab öelda, et püstitatud eesmärk sai täidetud ning uurimisülesanded lahendatud.The title of the thesis is Youth awareness on illegal substances on the Example of Tapa municipality. Recent years have shown that the use of recreational drugs continues to be a growing trend among young people. In Estonia, as of 2020, 38% (more than a third) of 15–16-year-old students said they had used some narcotic product. When compared to the previous research years, it can be noticed that the use of narcotic substances is a rising tendency among schoolchildren.
The topic of this final thesis is relevant because recreational drug use is still there and even on the rise among students. Certainly, all those who try recreational drugs have their own reasons. But often these reasons are related to social pressure caused by friends and peers, as well as to the striving towards belonging to a certain group, or because young people are just affected by some personal problems, which actually need different approaches. The drug use can cause various health problems, interrupted education, addictions, inactivity in the labour market, crime, and also a burden on the welfare system and healthcare. All this has a devastating effect on society, which in turn means the emergence of new social problems, which definitely need a solution.
The author’s main goal was to find out how aware gymnasium students in Tapa rural municipality are, and what their own drug consumption habits are. As part of the study, an anonymous questionnaire was prepared, which was based on three research questions set by the author. The questionnaire was shared with Tapa and Tamsalu gymnasiums by using a link, so the author could collect responses from 10th–12th graders of both schools. A total of 90 responses were received.
The survey revealed that more than half of the respondents have used psychoactive drugs. In addition, the author learned that the main substance young people have used is cannabis. The same tendency has also been revealed by previous studies conducted in Estonia, which have researched the drug use by schoolchildren. This study also disclosed that some schoolchildren have used several recreational drugs at the same time, which is actually very dangerous and can lead to tragic consequences.
The author claims that more information should be given to students about substances and their effects on young persons’ health. It is evident there are some awareness gaps among young people, because they do not know how pure the substances they use are, and what effects they actually have. Conducting the survey in these two schools of Tapa municipality showed that there are actually young people around us who use psychoactive drugs, and from this it can also be concluded that it is a social phenomenon, meaning that substances are used in groups of friends. The survey also revealed that the vast majority of the respondents do not feel guilty, and they have not reproached themselves for using recreational drugs. Besides, when analysing the answers, it was found that there is the ready availability of illicit drugs to the youth in Lääne-Virumaa, which is, however, particularly concerning.
The study also disclosed what the most popular substances among young people are. From scientific sources, the author found out what effect narcotic substances have on the human system, and what the dangers are in the event of an overdose, and what forms of manifestation different recreational drugs have.
Based on E. Erikson’s theory of development and A. Bandura’s theory of social learning, it can be seen that a very big role in the lives of young people is played by their friends, from whom they also acquire different behaviour patterns, regardless of whether these patterns are positive or negative. Children learn a lot from their loved ones. When youngsters have adopted certain patterns and think they are right, there is a very big probability these patterns will be carried over into later life, which is why different habits and addictions may develop that are very difficult to get rid of.
To conclude, it can be said that the set goal was met, and the research tasks were solved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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