1,721,142 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Potential of rainwater harvesting in Nepal : a case study
Full text linkThis paper gives an overview of RWHS in urban Kathmandu valley (27°32’13”- 27°49’10” N 85°11’31” & 85°31’38” E). The rainwater collection is during monsoon season (June-August) and some amount of water can be collected by rainwater in dry period to minimize the daily water demand among different households. The main study of research is to analyze and interpret the collected rainwater and household catchment area together to know the capacity of individual household of different land sizes. The research ultimately gives the framework of design storage tank depending on amount of rainfall collected from different roof catchment areas.
The annual rainfall data of Kathmandu valley (2003-2013) is collected from department of hydrology and meteorology. The roof catchment area and land size data of different households in ward-9 were collected from ward office of KMC. The household land sizes and roof catchment area of different land area (2-4,4-6,6-8,8-10,10-12) Anna gives different rainwater harvesting potentially that amount of rainwater can be harvested. This is basis for design of the harvesting system. The capacity of collecting rainwater depends on roof catchment area and there is more collection of rainwater as the catchment roof area increases accordingly with respect to land area. The monthly precipitation of Kathmandu valley is more in June – September with monthly precipitation of 215mm, 375 mm, 315 mm and 244 mm and average area roof surface of 2-4 Anna is 72.66m2 and it increases to 167.38m2 of 10-12 Anna.
The collected data shows that there is high potential of water harvesting and collected water can be useful as a domestic resource. The household member gets benefitted with an additional water source by the use of simple and easily accessed technology. In the same way there is less water supply pressure to the government and authorized institutional bodies, and ultimately beneficial for environmental risk of flooding as well.M-MIN
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Comparative environmental performance of small scale wastewater treatment systems in Norway : a life cycle analysis
Full text linkGlobally, the development of wastewater treatment systems evolved in order to treat wastewater so as to mitigate and reduce the public health issues as well as environmental impacts resulting from the discharge of untreated wastewater. To achieve this objective, treatment of wastewater is carried out with different technologies, some centralized and other decentralized. With further development in the wastewater management sector, sustainability of the wastewater treatment system with minimum environmental degradation became a global concern because all human individuals either living today or in future, have equal rights. Therefore, based on the sustainable development approach of wastewater treatment systems, various methods have been practiced to analyse and compare the wastewater treatment systems looking from the environmental, economic, technical and social point of view. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of them and has been successfully practiced globally, in order to analyse the environmental burdens and the potential impacts associated with a Wastewater Treatment (WWT) system. LCA is the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product or system throughout its life cycle i.e. the stage from “cradle-to-grave” (ISO 144040:2006(en)). It has become a successful tool in identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance hence playing an integral role in decision making towards sustainability.M.MIN
Potential for treatment of household wastewater by using waste seashells as a biofilter media
Full text linkIn Norway, approximately 17% of the population is served by decentralized wastewater treatment systems. In these systems, a septic tank only is used, especially in those areas where sea is the final recipient of the treated water. In a septic tank, primary treatment takes place, which is not sufficient for removing pollutants as nutrients, organic matter and pathogens. To improve the quality of the effluent before its discharge, further treatment is required. To remove phosphorus, different kind of phosphorus sorbing materials such as Leca, Filtralite P, limestone, seashells, shell-sand etc. are available in the market. In Frøya Island, most single houses use a decentralized (on-site) wastewater treatment system consisting of a septic tank. Therefore, Frøya municipality is planning to update the existed wastewater treatment system on the entire island by using locally available filter materials. To reduce the investment cost, locally available material is considered used as a filter material. For this purpose three different kinds of sea-shells were investigated through a batch experiment in order to evaluate the phosphorus sorption capacity of each shell type.
Blue-shell, oyster and clam shell samples were collected in the first week of October 2017. Samples were prepared in three sizes (0-2, 2-4 and 4-8 mm) by the crushing and sieving. The batch experiment was performed in the laboratory of the soil section at NMBU. Two experimental set-ups were designed, one for blank analysis in which distilled water was used as a reactant and second for adsorption reactions in which 330 ppm phosphorous solution was used. Phosphorous contents were measured by spectrophotometer and sorbed phosphorus expressed as PO4-P.
The results of blank analysis showed very low values. Therefore, these values were not considered while calculating the final results of adsorption reactions. The batch experiment results represented that oyster shells had maximum sorption capacity and blue shells had minimum sorption capacity such as 7100 mg/kg and 520 mg/kg respectively. Comparatively, clam shells represented more or less similar sorption capacity like oyster shells, i.e. 6650 mg/kg. In addition, smaller sizes (0-2 mm) of all sea-shells showed maximum whereas, larger sizes (4-8 mm) showed minimum sorption capacity. Therefore, on the base of these results, it was concluded that oyster and blue shells have much higher potential for phosphorous removal from domestic wastewater than blue shells.
Based on the batch experiments, it was also calculated that 7.8 m3 of filter material is required for sorbing the phosphorus for 15 years from the wastewater produced by an individual Norwegian house with 5 people. It was also calculated, based on the batch experiments, that if all the septic tank effluents in Frøya filtered by crushed oyster shells, 221 m3 of crushed shells (2-4mm) would be needed per year to remove approximately 81% of the phosphorus. This is less than 15 truck-loads of 18m3/truck. Although, batch experiment results are reliable but they do not mimic the situation in a full scale filter receiving wastewater and, thus, are not sufficient to predict the real sorption and service life of seashells when applied as a filter material in systems receiving domestic wastewater. Batch experiment can only be feasible when comparing the filter materials and ranking them on the base of their phosphorus sorption capacity. Therefore, to more accurately predict the sorption capacity and service life of seashell based filter materials, large scale experiments with real wastewater are required
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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