1,721,132 research outputs found
DMF as CO Surrogate in Carbonylation Reactions: Principles and Application to the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Full text linkTransition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions have emerged as one of the most relevant synthetic approaches for the preparation of carbonyl-containing molecules. The most commonly used protocol for the insertion of a carbonyl moiety is the use of carbon monoxide (CO) but, due to its toxic and explosive nature, this process is not suitable at an industrial scale. More recently, the chemistry of CO surrogates has received large attention as a way to use less expensive and more environmentally friendly methods. Among the various CO surrogates, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has been paid greater attention due to its low cost and easy availability. This mini-review gives appealing insights into the application of DMF as a CO surrogate in metal-catalyzed carbonylations; in particular, in the first part we will give a general state of the art of these reactions for the preparation of carbonyl-containing molecules; then, we will take into account all the various synthetic approaches for the metal-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of heterocycles using DMF as a CO surrogate. Each protocol has been discussed critically in order to screen the best synthetic method and to offer perspective on trends and future directions in this field
Additive Manufacturing for Construction
No full textAdditive Manufacturing for Construction reveals additive manufacturing technologies for building and construction applications. It introduces digital and multiuse technologies for civil applications and informs the reader of their design properties and uses. The book explores on-site and off-site construction techniques, and features design strategies in additive manufacturing which will eliminate production difficulties and minimise assembly costs, from both the academic and the industrial perspectives. The unique capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies for large-scale applications combined with 'design for manufacturing' strategies are shown, allowing the reader to understand efficient structural shapes and forms which can provide appropriate level of structural performance with reduced use of materials and resources.Additive Manufacturing for Construction reveals additive manufacturing technologies for building and construction applications. It introduces digital and multiuse technologies for civil applications and informs the reader of their design properties and uses. The book explores on-site and off-site construction techniques, and features design strategies in additive manufacturing which will eliminate production difficulties and minimise assembly costs, from both the academic and the industrial perspectives. The unique capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies for large-scale applications combined with 'design for manufacturing' strategies are shown, allowing the reader to understand efficient structural shapes and forms which can provide appropriate level of structural performance with reduced use of materials and resources. This book gathers knowledge of multidisciplinary investigations into one book to answer challenges and difficulties faced by the construction industry and includes: extrusion-based concrete additive manufacturing particle bed additive manufacturing shotcrete additive manufacturing wire-and-arc metal additive manufacturing simulation modelling of concrete 3D printing Additive Manufacturing for Construction is of interest to those in academia and industry including architects, civil engineers, material engineers, manufacturing and industrial engineers, mechatronic engineers and construction experts with an interest/professional requirement to know about large-scale additive manufacturing technologies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Editorial: Additive manufacturing in construction
Full text linkThe adoption of digital solutions in construction has proved to reduce the environmental footprint in the building sector while supporting the circular economy and increasing work safety. The application of additive manufacturing (AM) [or else 3D printing (3DP)] technologies contributes to reducing material waste, simplifying resource recapture, and achieving geometrical flexibility in built design. All these features make AM particularly suitable for realizing a new generation of resource-efficient technologies in construction. Indeed, the use of computational design to create new structural forms has been limited by the conventional building production processes, which often does not allow to complete design freedom. With the advent of AM processes in construction, the use of structural optimization tools could potentially enable the realization of a new class in optimizing structures
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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