1,720,958 research outputs found
The relationship between economic precariousness, parental socio-economic status, and partnership dynamics among young adults in the UK
No full textThis thesis uses data spanning over 30 years from the British Household Panel and Understanding society to analyse how economic precariousness is associated with actual and expected partnership dynamics of young adults in the UK (16–34). The three research questions addressed in the empirical Chapters are the following: (i) What is the relationship between economic precariousness and entry into the first coresidential partnership in the UK? (ii) Does an economically precarious condition associate with the outcomes of couples in their first cohabitation in this country? (iii) Is parental socioeconomic background related to young Britons' lifelong expectations about the type and the timing of their partnership transitions? The results for the first research question show that, among youth aged 20–30, the relationship between the indicators used to represent economic precariousness and the first coresidential partnership formation is negative, whereas it is not significant or, even, positive in the youngest and oldest ages. This finding, however, is valid for objective measures, whereas it is weaker and less intuitive for subjective measures. Trends by historical time highlight that, around the Great Recession (2008–2013), those out of the labour market may have decreased their probability of forming a first coresidential partnership more than their least precarious counterparts. No particular differences were witnessed over time by gender, apart from labour income. The findings regarding the second research question show that couples where both partners were not precarious (regarding employment, earnings, savings and financial perceptions) or owned a house presented a higher predicted probability of marrying and a lower one of separating than the opposite arrangement (both precarious). Concerning the heterogeneous couples (the male or the female partner was precarious), the findings were less neat. On the one hand, there was evidence that men's lack of savings and, to a lesser extent, nonemployment discouraged the risk of marriage. On the other hand, some trends showed that men’s joblessness and women’s negative financial perceptions could increase the risk of dissolution more than the opposite gender. Results by historical period suggest that, in the most recent decades, couples where both partners were economically precarious tended to have a higher risk of dissolution and a lower one marrying than other arrangements. The results for the third research question indicate that those with the least advantaged parental occupational class present lower marriage expectations than their advantaged counterparts. Such differences are lower for cohabitation. Moreover, they also tend to consider “lifelong cohabitation”, “lifelong singlehood” and “uncertainty towards both partnership types”, relative to “premarital cohabitation”, more likely. They also present a higher uncertainty towards the age at marriage and had a higher likelihood of rejecting marriage. Being raised in a lone parent family (rather than both married parents) mediates a sizable part of the relationship for three outcomes: marriage expectations, "uncertainty towards marital age" and "lifelong cohabitation”. Other family structures and educational aspirations during adolescence explained a much lower share of the effects
Living in precarious partnerships
No full textIn the UK, cohabitation is now the most common type of first live-in partnership. While some couples go on to marry or separate, others are increasingly choosing to continue to cohabit. One possible explanation for the changing trends in partnership is the growing economic precariousness experienced by young people. This briefing presents findings that suggest there is an economic barrier to stable partnerships and marriage in the UK today, with young people delaying or foregoing marriage because of economic uncertainty.The results show that cohabitors who are financially stable are more likely to marry, while those with unstable jobs or feelings of financial insecurity are more likely to separate. Men’s financial resources play a crucial role, as cohabiting couples are less likely to marry if the man is unemployed or lacks savings.Policymakers should recognise economic precarity as a key cause of partnership instability and address it by implementing policies which create a stable jobs market to help individuals save and plan for the future. Given that over a quarter of cohabiting couples separate within five years, policymakers should also consider the legal protections afforded to cohabitors and explore ways to improve public awareness of the legal implications of cohabitation breakdown
Living in precarious partnerships: understanding how young men’s and women’s economic precariousness contribute to the outcomes of the first cohabitation
Get PDFIn the UK, cohabitation has become the normative type of first co-residential partnership. Whilst some go on to marry, couples increasingly continue to cohabit, or break up. One possible explanation is the rise in young people's economic precariousness. However, few studies have analysed this hypothesis empirically for the UK. Analysing data on cohabiting couple-dyads from 1991 to 2019, we explored how economic precariousness (as measured by four traits: employment, labour income, savings and financial perceptions) related to marriage and cohabitation dissolution. The types of the couples' precarious traits, alongside their distribution between partners, were crucial for understanding socioeconomic differences in cohabitation outcomes. Marriage was less likely among couples where the man was jobless or had no savings, suggesting that marriage is a financially committed relationship, more reliant on men’s resources. Couples where women held worse financial perceptions than men were most likely to separate, highlighting the importance of subjective measures
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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