1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Metsämansikan (Fragaria vesca) vastustuskyky kasvinsyöjähyönteisiä vastaan ja sen vaikutukset kasvin kelpoisuudelle
Full text linkKasvien ja kasvinsyöjien pitkä yhteinen evoluutiohistoria on johtanut niiden välisiin moninaisiin vuorovaikutussuhteisiin. Koska kasvit eivät voi paeta kasvinsyöjiä, on niiden täytynyt kehittää lukuisia puolustusmekanismeja. Puolustusmekanismit voivat olla rakenteellisia tai kemiallisia. Koska kasvit joutuvat käyttämään resursseja puolustukseen, voi resurssiristiriitoja syntyä esimerkiksi kasvun ja puolustuksen välille. Tällainen resurssiristiriita voi olla huomattavissa muun muassa tilanteessa, jossa kasvinsyöjiä ei olekaan läsnä.
Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelen vastustuskyvyltään erilaisten metsämansikoiden (Fragaria vesca) vasteita kahden kasvinsyöjähyönteisen aiheuttamaan vaurioon. Kokeessa olevat metsämansikat valitsin mukaan genotyyppipoolista, minkä vastustuskyky mansikkanälvikästä (Galerucella tenella) vastaan tunnetaan. Kyseisten metsämansikoiden vastustuskykyä on tutkittu mansikkanälvikkään performanssin ja preferenssin kautta, mutta vastustuskyvyn vaikutuksia itse kasville ei tunneta. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena onkin selvittää, onko metsämansikan vastustuskyvyllä vaikutuksia sen kasvuun ja lisääntymiseen ja onko kasvinsyöjien aiheuttaman vaurion määrässä eroja riippuen siitä, luokitellaanko kasvi vastustuskykyiseksi vai alttiiksi mansikkanälvikkäälle. Kokeessa on mukana myös toinen kasvinsyöjä vattukärsäkäs (Anthonomus rubi), joten kokeessa voidaan lisäksi selvittää, onko vastustuskyvystä mansikkanälvikästä vastaan apua myös vattukärsäkästä kohtaan.
Kokeessani on kolme eri käsittelyä, joista kontrollissa ei ole hyönteisiä. Ensimmäisessä hyönteiskäsittelyssä on mansikkanälvikkäitä ja toisessa on lisäksi vattukärsäkkäitä. Jokaisessa käsittelyssä on sekä alttiita, että vastustuskykyisiä metsämansikoita. Kokeessa mittasin metsämansikoista niiden kasvua, lisääntymistä, sekä aiheutuneen vaurion määrää.
Kokeessani alttiit kasvit kokivat vähemmän lehtivauriota kuin vastustuskykyiset kasvit ja ne myös kasvoivat vastustuskykyisiä paremmin. Lisäksi kasveissa havaittu kukkavaurio korreloi positiivisesti sekä kasvun, että marjojen tuoton kanssa. En siis havainnut kasvin aiemmin todetusta vastustuskyvystä olevan hyötyä kasville, myöskään resurssiristiriitoja en havainnut. Kasvin puolustuksen tutkimista ei siis tämän kokeen tulosten perusteella voi testata pelkästään hyönteisen näkökulmasta, vaan huomioon on otettava myös kasvien reaktiot kasvinsyönnille.Plants and herbivores share a long evolutionary history which has led to diverse interactions between them. Because plants cannot escape from herbivores, they have adapted by developing numerous defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms can be structural or chemical. However, plants need to allocate resources for defense and, thus, trade-offs can arise between growth and defense.
In this study, I examine the responses of woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca) with varying resistance to two different herbivores. The woodland strawberries I use in the experiment have been selected from a known genotype pool with known resistance levels to strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella). The resistance of these wild woodland strawberry genotypes has been studied through strawberry leaf beetle performance and preference, but the potential effects of resistance on the plant itself are unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the resistance of woodland strawberries influences its growth and reproduction and whether there are differences in the amount of damage caused by herbivores depending on whether the plant is classified as resistant or susceptible to herbivory. I also use another herbivore strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi) in the experiment to test whether the resistance to strawberry leaf beetle is also helpful against the weevil.
There are three different treatments in my experiment. In the first insect treatment, there are strawberry leaf beetles and in the second there are both beetles and strawberry blossom weevils. There are no insects in the control treatment. Each treatment has both susceptible and resistant woodland strawberries. In the experiment, I measured growth and reproduction of the study plants and amount of damage caused by herbivores.
Results showed that susceptible plants experienced less leaf damage than resistant plants and they grew better than resistant plants. In addition, flower damage in plants is positively correlated with growth and amount of berries. The previously determined resistance of the plants was not found to be beneficial to the plants in this experiment and no indications of trade-offs were found either. According to these results, plant resistance should not be tested only by using the preference and performance of the herbivore. Plant responses to herbivory should also take to account to get the full view of the subject
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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