47 research outputs found
Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Calopepla leayana on Gmelina arborea
No full textEntomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were isolated and identified as natural pathogens of Calopepla leayana. Both the species of fungi were effective against the larval and adult stages of C. leayana causing white and green muscardine diseases respectively. It was also found that B. bassiana was more pathogenic to the pest as compared to M. anisopliae. The susceptibility of larvae and adults was negatively associated with the age and positively associated with the fungal spore concentration. In all the stages from I instar to adult, the highest mortality was observed in 10% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of B. bassiana among 1, 2.5, 5 & 10% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration. It was also reflected in probit analysis that the concentration of spores required to kill fifty percent of the population was ranges from 0.09% to 5.98% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of B. bassiana and 1.02% to 9.72% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of M. anisopliae. The larvae of I instar have shown highest mortality, which gradually decreased with the increase in age or decrease in the concentration of fungal spores. Mass production of B. bassiana using different substrates was attempted to harvest ample amount of spores. This study revealed that spore production was directly proportional to the mycelial weight and incubation period. From the seven substrates tested, wheat flour was identified as one of the suitable substrates for the mass production of B. bassiana. A field trial was conducted to test their efficacy under field conditions. 72-93% mortality was observed in field conditions.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Division of Bioprospecting, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore-641002, Tamilnadu, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected] This Article As: N. Senthilkumar and S. Murugesan. 2010. Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Calopepla leayana on Gmelina arborea. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 01-0
Crystal growth, piezoelectric, non-linear optical and mechanical properties of lithium hydrogen oxalate monohydrate single crystal
No full textBarA-UvrY two-component system regulates virulence of uropathogenic E. coli CFT073.
No full textUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), a member of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, cause ∼80% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in humans. UPEC initiates its colonization in epithelial cells lining the urinary tract with a complicated life cycle, replicating and persisting in intracellular and extracellular niches. Consequently, UPEC causes cystitis and more severe form of pyelonephritis. To further understand the virulence characteristics of UPEC, we investigated the roles of BarA-UvrY two-component system (TCS) in regulating UPEC virulence. Our results showed that mutation of BarA-UvrY TCS significantly decreased the virulence of UPEC CFT073, as assessed by mouse urinary tract infection, chicken embryo killing assay, and cytotoxicity assay on human kidney and uroepithelial cell lines. Furthermore, mutation of either barA or uvrY gene reduced the production of hemolysin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokine (IL-8). The virulence phenotype was restored similar to that of wild-type by complementation of either barA or uvrY gene in trans. In addition, we discussed a possible link between the BarA-UvrY TCS and CsrA in positively and negatively controlling virulence in UPEC. Overall, this study provides the evidences for BarA-UvrY TCS regulates the virulence of UPEC CFT073 and may point to mechanisms by which virulence regulations are observed in different ways may control the long-term survival of UPEC in the urinary tract
A simple VOF-CSF multi-fluid flow solver
No full textA Volume of Fluid (VOF)-Youngs model for the solution of an incompressible immiscible two-phase flows is presented. The solver computes the flow field by solving the family of Navier Stokes equations using SIMPLE algorithm and tracks the position of interface between two fluids with different fluid properties by Piecewise Linear Interface Construction (PLIC) Method. The suitability of the SIMPLE type implementation is assessed by investigating the dynamics of air bubbles in water and comparing results with predictions achieved by the FLUENT CFD software
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF MARINE ACTINOMYCETES FROM COASTAL REGIONS OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU
No full textThe chemical synthesized antibiotics used against different bacterial infectious disease .The prolonged usage of antibiotics had side effects. Actinomycetes are having lot of potential pharmaceutical applications. Bioactive compounds derived from marine actinomycetes having less side effects and having potential applications. Sediment samples collected from Pichavaram, TS pettai, Parangipettai, Ponanthittu and MGR Thittu coastal areas Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. The collected samples were pretreated using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and air dried for three to seven days. Samples are serially diluted for spread plate technique. In this technique, totally 25 actinomycetes isolated for further analysis. All the isolates were screened for antagonistic activity against disease-causing clinical bacterial pathogens such Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pnemoniae, Salmonella paratyphi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus harmaechei.Among this 25 isolates, the isolate TSP1 showing better antagonistic activity against all the bacterial pathogens. The potential strain TSP1 were identified by morphological, microscopical, biochemical, and SEM analytical characterization. Based on the results, the TSP1 isolate are identified as Streptomyces sp. The current research focuses on actinomycetes that have antagonistic activity and create bioactive secondary metabolites that cure several infectious diseases. The aim and objective of this present study is isolation of marine actinomycetes from sediment samples and evaluated antagonistic activity against bacterial pathogens
Molecular Prevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in Small Ruminants in Tamil Nadu, India
No full textMycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) causes atypical, non-progressive pneumonia in sheep and goats, leading to significant economic losses in the global small-ruminant industry. In the current study, we assessed the molecular prevalence of M. ovipneumoniae infections in sheep and goats showing respiratory Clinical signs in Tamil Nadu, India.During the period from January 2023 to March 2024, a total of 200 samples (186 nasal swabs and 14 lung tissue samples) were collected from sheep and goats exhibited typical respiratory signs reared in various districts of Tamil Nadu. The growth of mycoplasma on cultures indicated by a color change in Mycoplasma experience liquid media, were used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene of the Mycoplasma genus and M. ovipneumoniae specifically. The results showed that 78 out of 200 samples (39%) tested positive in the 16S rRNA Mycoplasma genus-specific PCR test, with an overall positivity rate of 30% for M. ovipneumoniae.This study revealed that M. ovipneumoniae is the most common Mycoplasma species found in sheep and goats with respiratory infections in Tamil Nadu
Hybridization of metaheuristic algorithms for resource scheduling in distributed robotic control system
No full textAbstract This paper presents a novel Distributed Blockchain-Assisted Secure Data Aggregation (Block-DSD) scheme designed to enhance data security, energy efficiency, and scalability in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) for disaster-resilient communication systems (DRCS). The proposed framework integrates an Artificial Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for dynamic cluster head selection, ensuring adaptive decision-making based on residual energy, trust value, and centrality metrics. Additionally, the Improved Elephant Herd Optimization (IEHO) algorithm is employed for optimal route selection, leveraging genetic operators to enhance exploration and exploitation capabilities. Blockchain technology is utilized to secure data aggregation through a Secure Two-Step (STS) method and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), ensuring tamper-proof and reliable data transmission. Simulations conducted using ns-3.25 demonstrate superior performance, with a 97% Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), 20% reduced energy consumption, and minimal latency of 0.0012 s for emergency data compared to existing methods. The Block-DSD scheme provides a robust solution for secure and efficient data aggregation in highly dynamic and resource-constrained MANET environments, making it suitable for critical applications such as disaster management, military operations, and remote monitoring. Future directions include enhancing blockchain scalability and integrating real-world datasets for further validation
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) for Smart Water Irrigation Management System in Rice Cultivation
No full textIn rice cultivation, the AWD technique, a tool called a \u27field water tube\u27, can save 20-50% of water and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30-50%. The present study, (AWD) practices were conducted in the transplanted paddy growing regions of farmer’s holdings of Tiruvannamalai district during the Kharif season of 2022-23 and 2023-24. The productivity, economics, and water saving data in demonstrated plots were compared with the farmer’s practices (Continuous flooding method). The extension gap, technology gap, and technology index were 12.0q ha-1, 6.0 q ha-1, and 8.57 percent, respectively. The higher gross return of Rs.1,27,991 ha-1, higher net return of Rs.73,980 ha-1, and Benefit-Cost ratio of 1.37 were observed in the demonstrated plot compared to farmers\u27 practices of continuous flooding method. Higher yield and returns due to reduced cost of cultivation, higher grain yield, higher net returns, and higher water saving (24.7%) in the demo plot over the farmer’s practices created greater awareness. They motivated the other farmers to adopt AWD practices in TN IAMP Phase IV Thurinjalar sub-basin farmers of Tiruvannamalai district
Research Trends of Chennai Mathematical Institute (CMI) during 2005-2019: A Study reflected on Web of Science data base
No full textThe present study examines the publication pattern of Chennai Mathematical Institute (CMI) during 2005 - 2019 using Web of Science (WOS) database from Clarivate Analytics. 632 articles were published during the study period, more number of articles published in 2019 with 94 (14.87%) and highest number of papers published in physical review letters journal which havs more h-index (567), average annual growth rate of CMI publications was 18.48. Researchers are interested with joint authorship rather than solo authorship pattern. Arun K G is the most prolific author with 94 records and USA is the top collaborative country for CMI with 164(25.95%) records
Influence of weather factors on leaf gall thrips and scale infestation in black pepper
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between weather factors and the infestation levels of leaf gall thrips (Liothrips karnyi) and scales (Aspidiotus destructor) in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). These 2 pests that significantly impact pepper production and quality. We analyzed data collected over multiple seasons, to assess how temperature, humidity, rainfall and other climatic variables influence pest prevalence and damage levels. The results reveal that weather factors influence pest damage in black pepper. For leaf gall thrips (%LDT), minimum (r = 0.298*) and maximum temperature (r = 0.771**) showed positive correlations, while maximum humidity (r = - 0.364**), minimum humidity (r = - 0.511**) and rainfall (r = - 0.605**) had negative correlations. Regression models revealed maximum temperature, minimum humidity and rainfall as key predictors, explaining 72.6% of % LDT variation. For scales (%SDS), maximum temperature (r = 0.638**) positively correlated, while rainfall (r = - 0.604**) and humidity negatively correlated. Regression identified maximum temperature, rainfall and minimum temperature as significant, explaining 60.6% of %SDS variability. Maximum temperature consistently increased pest damage, while higher humidity and rainfall reduced it. Our findings suggest that optimal management of these pests requires tailored strategies based on seasonal weather patterns. The outcomes provide valuable insights for farmers, agronomists and policymakers, emphasizing the need for adaptive pest management strategies to counteract climate variability\u27s potential impacts on black pepper\u27s pest dynamics
