132,424 research outputs found
pAK-TAG expression vector and high level expression of recombinant AK fusion proteins in soluble form.
No full text(A) Schematic representation of the pAK-TAG vector. (B) SDS-PAGE analysis of the expression of AK-TNFα, AK-TRAIL, and AK-T4 DNA ligase.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TS1-N101 - A. Pak Island Dictionary of Pak by John of Tandruan and Mark Ahai| B. Pak Island...
No full textA. Pak Island Dictionary of Pak by John of Tandruan and Mark Ahai| B. Pak Island. Dictionary continued. . Language as given: Pak Islan
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Determining Pak Rupee Exchange Rates vis-à-vis Six Currencies of the Industrial World: Some Evidence Based on the Traditional Flow Model
No full textPak-rupee exchange rates vis-à-vis many currencies of the industrial world have weakened continuously and persistently since Pakistan abandoned fixed exchange rates in April 1982. This proposition is strongly supported by descriptive test statistics, as shown in Table 1, such as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of six Pak rupee exchange rates—against the U.S. dollar, British pound, German mark, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and French franc—over the period 1982q1-2000q4. Based on these descriptive statistics, it is evident that Pak rupee has depreciated persistently against all currencies of the industrial countries in question over the period under investigation; for example, it has depreciated by 324.05 percent against the British pound, 406.360 percent against the U.S. dollar, 344.53 percent against the French franc, 498.48 percent against the Swiss franc, 477.78 percent against the German mark and 986.25 percent against the Japanese yen since April 1982. As evidenced by coefficient of variation, Pak rupee has weakened enormously against all currencies of the industrial world, while it has weakened relatively more alarmingly against the Japanese yen, Swiss franc and German mark.
Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Uganda.
No full textBACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health challenge. Prevalence of current hepatitis B virus infection in the general population in Uganda is about 10%. Health care workers (HCW) have an extra risk of getting infected from their workplace and yet they are not routinely vaccinated against HBV infection. This study aimed at estimating prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated risk factors among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Uganda. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross sectional survey conducted in Mulago, a national referral and teaching hospital in Uganda among health care workers in 2003. A proportionate to size random sample was drawn per health care worker category. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors. ELISA was used to test sera for HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc. Descriptive and logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS: Among the 370 participants, the sero-prevalence of current hepatitis B virus infection was 8.1%; while prevalence of life time exposure to hepatitis B virus infection was 48.1%. Prevalence of needle stick injuries and exposure to mucous membranes was 67.8% and 41.0% respectively. Cuts were also common with 31.7% of doctors reporting a cut in a period of one year preceding the survey. Consistent use of gloves was reported by 55.4% of respondents. The laboratory technicians (18.0% of respondents) were the least likely to consistently use gloves. Only 6.2% of respondents were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus infection and 48.9% were susceptible and could potentially be protected through vaccination. Longer duration in service was associated with a lower risk of current infection (OR = 0.13; p value = 0.048). Being a nursing assistant (OR = 17.78; p value = 0.007) or a laboratory technician (OR = 12.23; p value = 0.009) were associated with a higher risk of current hepatitis B virus infection. Laboratory technicians (OR = 3.99; p value = 0.023) and individuals with no training in infection prevention in last five years (OR = 1.85; p value = 0.015) were more likely to have been exposed to hepatitis B virus infection before. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of current and life time exposure to hepatitis B virus infection was high. Exposure to potentially infectious body fluids was high and yet only a small percentage of HCW were vaccinated. There is need to vaccinate all health care workers as a matter of policy and ensure a safer work environment
Assumed PAK signaling in the hyperplastic human prostate, and intervention by PAK-specific small molecule inhibitors.
No full textThe presented model is based on findings of this study. At least two different PAK functions may critically determine adrenergic and endothelin-mediated contraction of prostate smooth muscle. First, PAK promotes the release of noradrenaline during sympathic neurotransmission to smooth muscle cells, followed by contraction by activation of postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptors. Consequently, PAK inhibitors inhibited EFS-induced contractions of prostate strips. Secondly, PAK in smooth muscle cells mediates contraction, where PAK is selectively activated by endothelin receptors (ET-A/B), but not by α1-adrenceptors. Possibly, PAK mediates the contractile signal by ET-A/B, in parallel to established intracellular pathways, which include Ca2+, protein kinase C (PKC), and Rho kinase. This might explain, why PAK inhibitors inhibited endothelin-induced contractions of prostate strips, but not contractions by α1-agonists. Besides its role for smooth muscle tone, PAK inhibition reduced proliferation of stromal cells, suggesting a role for prostate growth.</p
Characterization of PAK-P3 and P3-CHA bacteriophages.
No full text<p>(<b>A</b>, <b>C</b>) Electron micrographs of PAK-P3
(<b>A</b>) and P3-CHA (<b>C</b>). Scale bar: 100 nm.
(<b>B</b>) SDS-PAGE of PAK-P3 and P3-CHA proteins; only the
most abundant proteins give visible signals (MW: molecular weight
markers, the arrow points to the major capsid proteins).
(<b>D</b>) Clustal alignment of the three major capsid proteins of
PAK-P1, PAK-P3 and P3-CHA bacteriophages with their closest homologs in
the database with known function (the major capsid protein of Felix 01
bacteriophage; NP_944891). Major capsid proteins of PAK-P3 and P3-CHA
are 100% identical.</p
Kombination der Analyse von Black Carbon, PAK und organischen Geosorbenten in urbanen Böden als Indikator für die Bioverfügbarkeit von PAK
No full textIn den letzten Jahren hat die Bedeutung von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffmolekülen in umweltrelevanten Fragestellungen zugenommen: Toxizität und Bioverfügbarkeit von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK), die Bindung dieser Substanzen an Geosorbenten und die damit verbundene reduzierte Freisetzungsrate, sowie die Differenzierung des organischen Kohlenstoffs (TOC) in Böden in reaktive und gering reaktive Kohlenstoffpools (Black Carbon) im Hinblick auf Kohlenstoffspeicherung, die Verwertbarkeit von Böden mit erhöhten TOC- und PAK-Gehalten und Biochar. Die Herkunft dieser aromatischen Moleküle aus biogenen, petrogenen oder pyrogenen Quellen ist hierbei von besonderer Bedeutung, da sich die Bildungsmechanismen unterscheiden und ggf. charakteristische Moleküle oder Molekül-Muster gebildet werden. PAK und Black Carbon sind eng miteinander verbunden, letztlich bestehen die größeren Black Carbon-Strukturen wesentlich aus den zahlreichen PAK bzw. können aus diesen durch Koagulation gebildet werden. Andererseits können PAK als „mobile Phase“ zwischen den größeren 3-dimensionalen Kohlenwasserstoffstrukturen des Kerogen z. B. in Kohlen enthalten sein. Die Vielfalt der durch überwiegend anthropogene Prozesse schließlich in Böden vorliegenden Arten von TOC-haltigen technogenen Substraten sowie Gemischen ist groß und kann mittels organisch-petrographischer Methoden identifiziert und quantifiziert werden. In dieser Studie werden systematische Zusammenhänge zwischen petrogenen und pyrogenen PAK, Black Carbon anhand der Aromatizität und des Grades der aromatischen Kondensation (Benzenpolycarbonsäuren(BPCA)-Methode mittels Flüssigchromatographie-Massenspektrometrie) sowie der petrographischen mikroskopischen Analyse gezeigt. Als Probenset dienten Ruße (z. B. Diesel, Holz), Aschen, Schlacken, Lignit, Braun- und Steinkohlen sowie Anthrazit, Bergematerial, Kohleschlamm, Holzkohlen, Kokse unterschiedlicher Herkunft, Stäube, Rohöle, Teeröle sowie Böden mit Mischungen von technogenen Substraten aus dem Ruhrgebiet. Hinzugefügte Literaturdaten bestätigen die Messergebnisse im Kohlenstoffkontinuum. Untersuchungen der Freisetzung von PAK in die wässrige Phase sowie ihrer Resorptionsverfügbarkeit weisen auf ein allgemein geringes Potential im thermisch beeinflussten Teil des Kohlenstoffkontinuums hin
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
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