1,723,473 research outputs found
Proses pembinaan negara: Meninjau pengalaman Malaysia
Get PDF31 Ogos 1957 menjadi titik bersejarah buat negara ini apabila diisytiharkan sebagai sebuah negara merdeka yang dinamakan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Kemudian pada 16 September 1963 negara ini mencatatkan sejarah baru apabila Persekutuan Malaysia diisytiharkan secara rasrni sebagai sebuah negara berdaulat. Proses yang dikenali sebagai
bina negara ini dalam proses keseluruhan bagi pembinaan sebuah negara bangsa Malaysia mengambil masa yang panjang. Bukan sahaja proses membina negara bangsa melibatkan pelbagai dugaan dan cabaran, malahan proses pembinaan negara sahaja pun dilalui dengan penuh kesulitan.
Kemerdekaan yang lahir sewaktu proses membina negara ini bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah dicapai. Proses memerdekakan negara bererti membebaskan diri daripada cengkaman penjajahan. Merdeka juga bermaksud negara itu mendapat kembali hak mereka yang dirampas tetapi Malaysia berada dalam situasi berbeza kerana Malaysia harus membina dan menyusun semula hak yang ditinggalkan penjajah dan diagih secara adil antara kumpulan kaum yang terbina akibat dasar British yang lepas. Kemerdekaan adalah kemuncak usaha bina negara yang diusahakan semua pihak. Justeru penulisan ini akan meninjau secara umum proses pembinaan negara ini daripada pengalaman Persekutuan Tanah Melayu hinggalah kepada terbinanya Persekutuan Malaysia
Dasar “counterinsurgency” gurney asas penamatan darurat : satu tinjauan / Zulhilmi Paidi
Get PDFDarurat diisytiharkan secara rasmi bermula pada tahun 1948 oleh Sir Edward Gent dan telah diisytiharkan berakhir pada 1960 oleh Yang Di Pertuan Agong. Selama 12 tahun pemberontakan bersenjata oleh Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM) telah mengakibatkan keadaan huru hara yang tidak terhingga di negara ini. Walau bagaimanapun pemberontakan PKM ini telah menemui kebuntuan dan pada akhirnya terpinggir dari arus
perkembangan negara. Kegagalan PKM ini memberi ruang dan jalan untuk penamatan Darurat di Malaya dan sekaligus menikmati kemerdekaan dari pentadbiran British. Kegagalan PKM sering dilihat sebagai isyarat kejayaan dasar pertahanan dan keselamatan yang dilancarkan oleh pihak British dan kemudiannya kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Apakah benar sememangnya secara menyeluruh British berjaya atau ia sebenarnya
merupakan kebijaksanaan peranan individu seperti Templer dan dasar pertahanannya. Ataupun jasa Sir Henry Gurney itu sendiri dan hakikat keberkesanan Rancangan Penempatan Semula di bawah Rancangan Briggs yang sebenarnya telah merobek kekuatan PKM. Malahan diakui semua pihak sebahagian besar punca kegagalan PKM ini adalah berpunca dari kegagalan organisasi itu sendiri. Bagaimana pula dengan pemimpin tempatan yang juga turut berperanan membawa perang terhadap PKM ini sebagai perang rakyat Malaya. Justeru itu kertas kerja ini akan cuba melontarkan idea berkenaan dasar counteinsurgency yang telah dijalankan sewaktu pentadbiran Gurney yang telah menjadi asas kepada penamatan Darurat di Tanah Melayu sekaligus kemudiannya membawa negara ke era baru kemerdekaan. Hasil perbincangan kertas kerja ini diharap dapat memberi idea baru tentang hakikat darurat serta pengajaran dan kefahaman yang diberikan
Noise reduction in audio / Zulfikri Paidi and Nurhasyimah Idrus
Get PDFNoise reduction in audio is a process of minimizing the presence of noise in the audio signal. Noise reduction approach helps user understand how to remove noise from the signal. Audio is very susceptible with noise and it presence will give impact on two major ways; first it will degrade the quality of information being transfer and second limit the capacity of data being transmit. There are lot of noise reduction techniques been proposed as to remove noise from audio signal such as wiener filter and average filter. In this project, wavelet theory implementation is proposed for reducing noise from audio signal. The main objective is to identify and remove the presence of noise in the signal. Furthermore, measurements of noise signal pattern are recorded before and after the noise reduction process. To be specific, this project will focus on speech type of audio. Speech acquisition of the participant were recorded in two types of environments; controlled and uncontrolled environments. Types of speech recorded in each environment are normal, whispering and angry speech. Speech signal patterns are analysed using cross-correlation between three wavelets families consists of Coiflet 5, Daubechies 10 and Daubechies 9 in order to determine best fit the original signal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Facial features point localization using modified SIFT scale space / Zulfikri Paidi
Get PDFFace recognition has been recognized as one of the most promising biometric systems. One challenge in facial recognition is recognition of facial expressions. The problem of facial expression arises due to the activity of changing the shape of the face. Surface change creates high-dimensional data during feature extraction work. There are many algorithms proposed for recognition of facial expressions, including SIFT algorithms that are considered superior in performing feature extraction. However, SIFT has also been reported to be capable of generating high dimensional data, this affects the performance of the SIFT algorithm especially when the presence of False-Positive feature points is present with such high-dimensional data. The issue mentioned requires a new action to resolve it. This study aimed to develop a new algorithm in the form of hybrids when the scaling technique in SIFT was integrated with another technique. This hybridization forms a new technique called modified SIFT scale space. In this study, the original SIFT scaling technique, the Gaussian filter, was integrated with the proposed Saviztky Golay filter. The purpose of this integration is because it is hoped that the Savitzky Golay filter can act as a high-preservation data generated by SIFT. Two databases have been used for examine the image recognition. The databases are CASIA 3D Face V1 and the Bosphorus database. Four different facial expressions were selected from each database; neutral, smile, sad, and surprise. Three tests were used on the original SIFT algorithm and modified SIFT. The first test is to evaluate the accuracy of the built-in vector feature. The results showed that modified SIFT yielded more consistent results than the original SIFT. The second test assesses the feasibility of repeatability based on the value of feature vectors.The existence of consistency towards results by modified SIFT indicates that the use of Savitzky Golay as a Gaussian coupling technique in scale space can have an impact by preserving the quality data. The third test on facial expression recognition process showed that the modified SIFT give more stable result than the results of the SIFT algorithm when the tests are performed on two different databases
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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