455 research outputs found
Stephane Mallarme: A synthesis of romanticism and parnassianism, 1970
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to analyse works of Stephane Mallarme, father of Symbolism, pointing out romantic and parnassian elements. Symbolism, like Romanticism, attempted to express the interior thoughts of man. The symbolist movement then, was not only a revolt against Parnassianism but also a return to Romanticism. On the other hand, one would not be incorrect in saying that Romanticism reached its culmination in the works of the symbolists poets. For this reason, an attempt will be made to show that the works of Mallarme, father of Symbolism, can be considered as a synthesis of Romanticism and Parnassianism. This thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a discussion of Romanticism and of Parnassianism. Special attention is given to the origin, development, characteristics and influences of each school. The relationship of one School with the other is also pointed out. The second chapter consists of a biographical sketch of Stephane Mallarme. Special emphasis is placed on factors and events in his life which may have influenced or determined the elements of Romanticism and Parnassianism in his poetry. The third chapter is devoted to an analysis of some of the poems of Stephane Mallarme", "Les Fenetres," V Apparition," "L'Azur," "Toast Funebre," "Le Vierge," "L'Apres-Midi d'un Faune." In these analyses special attention is given to the romantic and parnassian tendencies of the poems. Since these romantic-parnaassian elements occur frequently throughout his works, it has been concluded that Mallarme's poetry can be considered as a synthesis of the two poetic schools
Performances of passive electric networks and piezoelectric transducers for beam vibration control
No full textAnnalisa Fregolent, Paolo Gaudenzi, Stephane Pagano, Joël Pouget, Pierre Seppecher, Fabrizio Vestron
Obama's visit to Korea : an unwavering US-ROC alliance amidst regional tensions
No full textFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Stephane Mot, Independent Author and Blogger living in Seoul, explains that "Obama's visit did not change the opinion of the vast majority of South Koreans who consider the US-ROK alliance to be unequal, but it did further confirm the importance of South Korea for US engagement towards Asia.
A new PCR-RFLP-based method for an easier systematic affiliation of European water frogs
No full textInternational audienceWe describe a non-invasive, PCR-RFLP-based method that allows reliable determination of the European water frog species Pelophylax lessonae and Pelophylax ridibundus and the hybrid form Pelophylax esculentus. Maximum-likelihood analysis of ITS2 sequences revealed two robust monophyletic clades corresponding to water frogs of the P. lessonae and P. ridibundus groups. Three restriction enzymes (KpnI, HaeII, and SmaI) were used to digest three conserved ITS2 domains. Taxonomic identification was unambiguous; the three restriction enzymes gave the same results. A French reference sample was identified using allozyme electrophoresis. Our PCR-RFLP method confirmed circa 83% of identification of the allozyme method. We conclude that the difference between identifications was caused by introgression. The western Palearctic water frog (WPWF) group is an impressive example demonstrating the importance of molecular methods for species determination (Hotz 1983; Pagano & Joly 1999; Hotz & Semlitsch 2000; Lodé & Pagano 2000; Plötner & Ohst 2001; Plötner et al. 2001, 2007), for example, in the context of conservation and biodiversity studies. Many WPWF species are morphologically uniform but exhibit specific molecular characters such as unique protein-coding alleles (Plötner & Ohst 2001), microsatellites (Garner et al. 2000; Zeisset & Beebee 2000; Hotz et al. 2001; Christiansen 2005; Holsbeek et al. 2008, 2009a,b), nuclear sequences (Ohst 2008; Plötner et al. 2009), and mitochondrial (mt) DNA markers (Plötner 1998; Holsbeek et al. 2008; Plötner et al. 2008). Widespread hybridization between genetically similar water frog species and lineages (e.g. Akın et al. 2010) may pose serious problems for species determination. In contrast to water frogs from Anatolia and central Asia, the Central and eastern European species Pelophylax lessonae and Pelophylax ridibundus and their hybridogenetic associate Pelophylax esculentus possess distinct morphological and bioacoustic characters that allow an almost exact determination of these forms (Günther 1990; Plötner 2005). Nevertheless, the occurrence of triploid hybrids that possess either two lessonae genomes and one ridibundus genome (LLR) or two ridibundus genomes and one lessonae genome (RRL) hampers identification because of gene-dosage effects (Berger et al. 1986; Vorburger 2001): in LLR individuals, the L genome is expressed twice resulting in a lessonae-like phenotype, while RRL hybrids are often similar to P. ridibundus. In western Europe, the determination of water frogs by morphological and bioacoustic methods may also fail because of extensive hybridization between autochthonous and allochthonous lineages (Günther et al. 1979; Pagano et al. 2003; Christiansen 2005; Holsbeek et al. 2008), which produces intermediate character states for many individuals. Furthermore, character expression depends on age; compared to adults, diagnostic characters are often less clearly expressed in juveniles. Thus, genetic markers are a valuable addition to morphology for identifying adult frogs and even more useful for the determination of juveniles and larvae. Here, we present a relatively inexpensive, rapid, and non-invasive molecular method that allows distinguishing the European water frog forms P. lessonae, P. ridibundus, and P. esculentus with high certainty. Our method is based on specific restriction sites in a 271- bp PCR fragment obtained from the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of WPWFs. This ribosomal DNA region has high inter-specific variability and is useful in phylogeny (Van Doninck et al. 2002; Gottschling et al. 2005) and for determination purposes (Joseph et al. 1999; Nikoloudakis et al. 2008), especially in hybrid complexes (Malécot et al. 2009). Ninety-one individuals were collected in Europe and Asia at 28 localities (sample 1, Table 1). Additionally, 93 specimens were collected in southern France at eight localities (sample 2, locality information was given by Pagano et al. 2001a). DNA was isolated from tissue (blood, muscle, and buccal swabs) using QIAmp blood and tissue kits (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) or the 5% Chelex 100 ion-exchange resin method (Walsh et al. 1991). Before DNA extraction, ethanol-preserved material was soaked in three changes of distilled water over a 48-h period
Booms and Busts in EMU
No full textA floating exchange rate combined with a clear inflation target can be a powerful stabilizer even if there are fluctuations in exchange rates that are unrelated to current fundamentals. Under plausible conditions, most of the stabilisation will occur through the exchange rate, and fundamental shocks will generate considerable medium term exchange rate volatility. The consequences of asymmetric shocks inside EMU are worse than envisaged in early analyses of the EMU project such as Calmfors et al. (1997). Inflation and real interest rate differentials arise which magnify the imbalances and cause boom-bust cycles in the member countries.optimal currency area; imperfect competition; interest parity; real interest rate
The Quest for Citations: Drivers of Article Impact
No full textWhy do some articles become building blocks for future scholars, while many others remain unnoticed? We aim to answer this question by contrasting, synthesizing and simultaneously testing three scientometric perspectives – universalism, social constructivism and presentation – on the influence of article and author characteristics on article citations. To do so, we study all articles published in a sample of five major journals in marketing from 1990 to 2002 that are central to the discipline. We count the number of citations each of these articles has received and regress this count on an extensive set of characteristics of the article (i.e. article quality, article domain, title length, the use of attention grabbers and expositional clarity), and the author (i.e. author visibility and author personal promotion). We find that the number of citations an article in the marketing discipline receives, depends upon “what one says†(quality and domain), on “who says it†(author visibility and personal promotion) and not so much on “how one says it†(title length, the use of attention grabbers, and expositional clarity). Our insights contribute to the marketing literature and are relevant to scientific stakeholders, such as the management of scientific journals and individual academic scholars, as they strive to maximize citations. They are also relevant to marketing practitioners. They inform practitioners on characteristics of the academic journals in marketing and their relevance to decisions they face. On the other hand, they also raise challenges towards making our journals accessible and relevant to marketing practitioners: (1) authors visible to academics are not necessarily visible to practitioners; (2) the readability of an article may hurt academic credibility and impact, while it may be instrumental in influencing practitioners; (3) it remains questionable whether articles that academics assess to be of high quality are also managerially relevant.Impact;Citation Analysis;Referencing;Scientometrics;Cite
Building Resilient SCs: Mapping and Measuring Key Value Drivers Through a Multi-perspective and Multi-stakeholder Value Creation Framework Based on Intangible Assets
No full textPart 2: Agility and Resilience in Collaborative NetworksInternational audienceUntil recently, the evolution of strategy and of business models mainly focused on shareholder Value Creation with global offshoring and outsourcing. The competitive cost models of globalized flows, translated in worldwide Supply Chains, with intensive energy consumption of fossil fuels and optimized processes with outsourcing to specialized agents, highly dependent on globalized infrastructures resources and markets. Our approach is that to build resilient companies and networks, all the stakeholders of the Supply Chain must be able to shift and align their perspectives, understand, map, value and document the key drivers that constitute the core competences needed, the appropriate intangible assets. Our proposition is a methodology to analyze, map and measure the key drivers of Value Creation through of multi-perspective and multi-stakeholder framework, based on intangible assets
Developing a Collaborative Framework for Mapping and Managing Key Drivers of Future Value Creation Based on Intangible Assets
No full textPart 1: Collaborative NetworksInternational audienceCompanies, their suppliers and networks of partners need to be aligned to fulfill the strategy to deliver the value and adapt rapidly whatever challenge arises. To be resilient, companies and their networks have to build ecosystems in a systemic thinking. To help firms achieving this, we propose a methodology based on “value drivers” that allows the mapping, the analysis and the management of intangible assets, and the way they are activated through a multi perspective and a multi stakeholder framework
Modeling Process of a Third Dimension Universe for Transportation Simulation: Application to Railway System
No full textIn past years, 3D models of virtual worlds have been used in several applications such as urban planning, simulation and design. In the railway field, that we chose as a field of application to illustrate our proposals in this article, simulation makes sense because of the complexity involved and the risk for personnel during upstream phases of validation. To be able to simulation with enough precision, the model of the virtual universe is a key point. Especially For train component simulation, an accurate and detailed model of the train component is mandatory. For training the drivers within a serious game, a high visual quality is required. Obtaining a single model supporting these two constraints at the same time at the lowest cost is still an open issue and involved many actors. Our contribution is a methodology and a process for creating a virtual universe model, based on automatic model generation, in order to allow the creation of large-scale universes while guaranteeing a level of details appropriate to the need, a model of constant quality and including semantic data necessary for simulation, while reducing the modeling costs and the modeling duration. The proposed process is applied to train simulation.Part of this work carried out under the ASTRES project supported by the Alstom Transport Company. The views and conclusions contained within this document are those of the authors, and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Alstom Transport Company.Galland, S (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, UTBM, LE2I, Multiagent Grp, F-90010 Belfort, France.
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The discovery of SycO reveals a new function for type three secretion effector chaperones
No full textThe Type Three Secretion (T3S) system is a device used by many Gram-negative pathogens that allows bacteria to deliver effector proteins straight into the eukaryotic cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with various signaling pathways to subvert the host cell functions. The secretion machinery of the T3S system consist of a basal body spanning the bacterial inner and outer membrane followed by a stiff hollow needle outside the bacterium. The fully assembled secretion apparatus constitute a continuous hollow conduit that connects the bacteria to the eukaryotic target cell. After cell contact, virulence proteins -called effectors- are injected directly into the cytosol of the host cell via the T3S apparatus. Several effectors of the T3S system require the assistance of specific cytosolic chaperones to be efficiently exported. There are three classes of T3S chaperones. Effector proteins are assisted by Class I chaperones. Although Class I chaperones are well characterized, their main function is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, we demonstrate that orf155 encodes a specific chaperone for the effector YopO that we called SycO. We showed that SycO enhances YopO secretion in vitro and is required for translocation of YopO into infected cells. By pulldown assay we demonstrated that residues 20 to 77 of YopO are required and sufficient for SycO binding. Using crosslinking experiments and size exclusion chromatography analysis, we determined the stoichiometry of purified SycO and YopO-SycO complexes. SycO alone forms dimers in solution and the YopO-SycO complex has a 1:2 stoichiometry. These results suggested that SycO is a typical chaperone of the Class I. YopO is a serine/theronine kinase that interacts with Rho and Rac and disrupts the cytoskeleton of the target cells. YopO has been shown to localize at the cell plasma-membrane. By transfection of YopO-EGFP hybrid proteins into HEK293T cells, we demonstrated that the chaperone-binding domain (CBD) coincides with the membrane localization domain of YopO. Nevertheless, the CBD was not needed for the kinase activity of YopO. By ultracentrifugation, we also showed that the CBD causes YopO aggregation in the bacteria, when SycO does not cover it. Further, we show that the CBD of YopE and YopT also caused aggregation in the bacteria in the absence of SycE and SycT respectively. YopE, YopT and T3S effectors in other systems also act at the membrane of the eukaryotic host cell. We propose a new hypothesis concerning the role of T3S chaperones. The sub-cellular localization domain of effectors is aggregation-prone and creates the need for a chaperone inside bacteria. We propose that masking such aggregation-prone localization domains may be a general function for type III effector chaperones
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