1,721,184 research outputs found
The Knowledge Complexity of the European Metropolitan Areas: Selecting and Clustering Their Hidden Features
No full textThe role of urbanization in economic development attracted increasing popularity in recent years (OECD, 2015; UN‐Habitat, 2016). Urbanization, indeed, increased from 30% to 50% worldwide in the last 50 years and is expected to keep growing (UN‐DESA, 2019). Moreover, while metropolitan areas cover only a tiny fraction of the planet, they are highly productive places, fundamental for national competitiveness in global markets. For instance, between 2000 and 2012,
metropolitan areas accounted for about 45% of the EU15 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), although covering only 10% of its land (own elaboration from OECD, 2013b).
Understanding cities’ economic performance is crucial to support countries’ economic growth. However, it is not straightforward to capture cities’ dynamics, and standard (neoclassical) economic policy tools seem not well suited to deal with their complexity. This chapter contributes to show that a complexity economics perspective is more suitable for the analysis of cities’ economy. Neoclassical and complexity economics correspond to distinct ontological claims about the world (Arthur, 1999; 2021) and, like oil and water, cannot mix with each other (Fontana, 2010). Indeed, neoclassical economics describes an economic system as composed of some (soundlessly rational) representative agents who, in facing well‐defined problems, behave consistently with the aggregate outcome of their actions (Arthur, 2021). Without the intervention of some extra‐economic
factor, the outcome of such a “well‐functioning machine” will be a timeless equilibrium, where there cannot be growth, if not in quantitative terms (Schumpeter, 1911). On the contrary, complexity economics looks at economies as an evolving system in which novelty emerges from within because of the creative reactions of its agents to macro‐level out‐of‐equilibrium conditions
(Antonelli, 2015; Schumpeter, 1947). Agents need to collectively contribute to develop a knowledge base constituted of a coherent scaffolding of technologies, institutions, firms, routines, etc. In this way, the emergent environment that they co‐create via decentralized efforts will guide them toward mutually satisfactory ends, in a continuous feedback loop process.
Metropolitan areas hardly fit with the neoclassical paradigm, being perfect examples of complex evolving systems with many interacting physical and social components (Batty, 2013; Jacobs, 1961)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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