305,170 research outputs found
Visual Search in good and poor readers:effect with single and combined features targets
No full textThis study examined differences between normal and poor readers in the visual-search strategy used to detect a target shape in a background of similar shapes. No differences between the two groups occur in search for simple features (Exps. 1 and 3) and conjunction of features (Exp. 2). However, the performance of the two groups differ on search tasks with multifeatured shapes, in which targets and nontargets differ in both the identity of features and their spatial relationship or in the spatial relationship of features alone. Results suggest that, rather than a problem in searching complex stimuli, poor searchers have difficulty within stimuli like letters and geometrical shapes which require integration of features within a module of the visual system
Entrevista a Alberto Prunetti, traductor italiano de Luisa Carnés
No full textAngela Moro entrevista a Alberto Prunetti sobre sus traducciones de Luisa Carnés en Itali
Disregolazione comportamentale e Disturbo Borderline di Personalità: valutazione di impulsività, aggressività e compulsività in un gruppo clinico.
No full textImpulsivity represents the core feature of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The dimensional trans- nosographic approach called «compulsive-impulsive spectrum» hypothesises that psychopathologies sharing common phenomenological, clinical, and neurobiological aspects might be included in the same continuum; compulsivity and impulsivity are supposed to be dimensions located on the two extremes of such a continuum. The main aim of the study was to test the utility of this approach in the conceptualization of BPD by making use of self-report questionnaires and two cognitive tasks assessing the main abilities underlying behavioural regulation: the Go/Nogo task to measure motor inhibition ability and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to evaluate decision-making processes.
Eighteen female in-patients suffering from BPD (clinical group) and 18 unaffected women matched by age (control group) entered the study. As regards assessment through self-report questionnaires, the clinical group showed higher levels of both compulsivity and impulsivity than the control group (p < 0,05). As far as cognitive tasks are concerned, patients performed more omission errors (p = 0,004) and were slower than healthy controls (p = 0,001) on the Go/Nogo task; furthermore, patients were characterised by dysfunctional decision-making processes as measured by the IGT since they chose cards from the disadvantageous decks more often than healthy individuals (p < 0,01).
Taken as a whole, these results support the utility of the compulsive-impulsive spectrum hypothesis for the conceptualization of BPD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Time perspective and the subjective passage of time in patients with borderline personality disorders
No full textPatients with borderline personality disorders (BPD) show heightened negative affect and maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies. An individual's time perspective towards the past, present, and future as well as the feeling of time passage are strongly related to affect and emotion regulation. We therefore assessed the time perspective (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, ZTPI) and the subjective passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) in 17 patients with BPD between the ages of 18 and 52 and 17 control subjects matched for gender, age and education. Patients with BPD show deviations in nearly all time orientations in the ZTPI: lower scores in the future and the past-positive dimension and higher scores in the present-fatalistic and past-negative dimensions. Patients deviate significantly more than controls from a balanced time perspective (BTP). Regarding the STQ, patients with BPD feel a general expansion of time at present but not for past intervals. Taken together, we show how BPD can be understood as a strong imbalance in individual time orientations and a most likely negatively felt expansion of subjective time in daily life
Improving Content Validity Evaluation of Assessment Instruments Through Formal Content Validity Analysis
No full textContent validity is defined as the degree to which elements of an assessment instrument are relevant to and representative of the target construct. The available methods for content validity evaluation typically focus on the extent to which a set of items are relevant to the target construct, but do not afford precise evaluation of items’ behavior, nor their exhaustiveness with respect to the elements of the target construct. Formal content validity analysis (FCVA) is a new procedure combining methods and techniques from various areas of psychological assessment, such as (a) constructing Boolean classification matrices to formalize relationships among an assessment instrument’s items and target construct elements, and (b) computing interrater agreement indices. We discuss how FCVA can be extended through the implementation of a Bayesian procedure to improve the interrater agreement indices’ accuracy (Bayesian formal content validity analysis [B-FCVA]). With respect to extant methods, FCVA and B-FCVA can provide a great amount of information about content validity while not demanding much more work for authors and experts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
La validazione dell'AIMIT
No full textLa teoria multi-motivazionale dei Sistemi Interpersonali costituisce la cornice di riferimento dello studio presentato, quale prima fase di validazione dell'AIMIT. I risultati forniscono una prima evidenza empirica dell'affidabilità di tale metodo di studio dei SMI e riconfermano l'importanza della ricerca sulla motivazione interpersonale e sull'intersoggetività nella prospettiva cognitivo-evoluzionista
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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