1,720,976 research outputs found
Self-isolation as a Special Security-Legal Measure for the Protection of Population Against Infectious Diseases in the Context of Coronavirus (COVID-19) – Public Law Aspects
Get PDFRad se bavi aktualnim pitanjima sigurnosno-pravnog uređenja zaštite pučanstva od zaraznih bolesti s naglaskom na izolaciju osoba u vlastitom domu ili drugome odgovarajućem prostoru (samoizolacija) sa svrhom sprečavanja i suzbijanja zaraznih bolesti u kontekstu koronavirusa (COVID-19). Aktualna zdravstvena situacija uzrokovana koronavirusom (COVID-19) koja je poprimila pandemijske razmjere dala je odgovor na postojeće mehanizme u borbi protiv te zarazne bolesti, ali jednako tako i upozorila na određene sigurnosno-pravne nedostatke koje je bilo potrebno u hodu ispravljati odnosno nadopunjavati. U tom smislu autor u radu iznosi prikaz važećih pravnih rješenja kojima se uređuje ta problematika kao i prijedloge de lege ferenda. Autor jasno naznačuje bitnu ulogu nadležnih tijela Republike Hrvatske u sprečavanju i suzbijanju zaraznih bolesti, pa i glede nužnih oblikovanja kvalitetnih zakonskih rješenja, ne podcjenjujući ulogu svih građana u njihovu provođenju. Naime, ako građani nisu odgovorni, samodisciplinirani i svjesni situacije u kojoj se nalaze, kao odgovor na takvo ponašanje moraju postojati kvalitetni pravni propisi na temelju kojih će, kao izraz društvene osude, biti primjereno kažnjeni.The paper deals with current issues of the security-legal regulation of population protection against infectious diseases, with particular emphasis on isolation of people in their own home or other appropriate facility (self-isolation), in order to prevent and combat infectious diseases in the context of coronavirus (COVID-19). Current health situation caused by coronavirus (COVID-19), which has reached pandemic proportions, has given the answer to the existing mechanisms in the battle against that infectious disease, but it has also pointed out the security-legal deficiencies which needed corrections or updates during the disease. In that regard, the author presents the review of valid legal solutions which regulate this issue and also puts forward the proposals de lege ferenda. The author clearly indicates the significant role of competent authorities of the Republic of Croatia in the prevention and fight against the infectious diseases and necessary design of legal solutions, without underestimating the role of all citizens in the enforcement of those solutions. Indeed, if the citizens are not responsible, self-disciplined and aware of the situation, high quality legal regulations must exist as an answer to such behaviour providing regulations under which those citizens will be adequately sanctioned, as an expression of social disapproval
Special investigative techniques with reference to secret surveillance and technical recording of persons and objects
No full textPosebne dokazne radnje su procesne radnje koje se poduzimaju kako bi se otkrilo i dokazalo počinjenje kaznenih djela i njihovih počinitelja. Riječ je o tajnim i prikrivenim radnjama koje se poduzimaju u svrhu prikupljanja informacija, a da se na te radnje pritom ne upozore osobe prema kojima se radnje poduzimaju. Budući da se posebnim dokaznim radnjama zadire u temeljna ljudska prava i slobode, iste se poduzimaju samo ukoliko se izvidi mogu provesti na drugi način ili bi to bilo moguće samo uz nerazmjerne teškoće. Uz to, zakonodavac je dužan strogo pratiti provođenje i primjenu posebnih dokaznih radnji u vidu sudske kontrole, s ciljem sprječavanja nezakonitih postupanja, odnosno zaštite ljudskih prava i sloboda. Subjekti koji sudjeluju u postupku donošenja i provođenja posebnih dokaznih radnji u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu su: državni odvjetnik, policija i istražitelj. Nalog o provođenju posebnih dokaznih radnji u pravilu donosi sudac istrage na zahtjev državnog odvjetnika. U iznimnim slučajevima, nalog može na vrijeme od 24 sata izdati i državni odvjetnik. Policija izvršava nalog o poduzimanju posebnih dokaznih radnji. Posebne dokazne radnje tajnog praćenja i tehničkog snimanja osoba i predmeta su posebna vrsta opservacije, no može se provoditi i kao stacionirana ili mobilna opservacija s tehničkim snimanjem osoba i predmeta koje se prati. Cilj mjere je prikupiti podatke o cjelokupnim aktivnostima osobe nad kojom se provodi mjera. Provedba je u nadležnosti policije.Special evidentiary actions are procedural actions taken to detect and prove the commission of criminal offenses and their perpetrators. These are secret and covert actions that are taken for the purpose of gathering information, without warning the persons against whom the actions are being taken. As evidence of fundamental human rights and freedoms is specifically proved by evidentiary actions, they are undertaken only if the investigations can be carried out in another way or would be possible only with disproportionate difficulties. In addition, the legislator is obliged to strictly monitor the implementation and application of special evidentiary actions in the form of judicial control, with the aim of preventing illegal actions, ie protection of human rights and freedoms. Entities participating in the procedure of enacting and conducting special evidentiary actions in Croatian legislation are: the State Attorney, the police and the investigator. As a rule, the order to conduct special evidentiary actions is issued by court investigations at the request of the State Attorney. In exceptional cases, the order may be issued by the State Attorney within 24 hours. The police execute the order to take special evidentiary actions. Special evidentiary actions of secret surveillance and technical recording of persons and objects are a special type of conservation, but they cannot be carried out as a stationary or mobile supply with technical recording of a person and objects that are monitored. The aim of the measures is to collect data on the overall activities of the persons over whom the measure is implemented. Enforcement is the responsibility of the police
Crown witness in criminal proceedings
No full textKada postoji vjerojatnost da je došlo do počinjenja kaznenog djela različita državna tijela pokreću kazneni postupak. Kazneni postupak definira se kao skup pravno uređenih radnji i mjera, a kazneno djelo kao povreda temeljnih društvenih vrijednosti.
Kazneni postupak obuhvaća radnje kojima je cilj utvrđivanje je li kazneno djelo počinjeno, tko ga je počinio te može li mu se izreći kazna. Sastavni dio svakog kaznenog postupka je uporaba svjedoka, a predmet ovog diplomskog rada je uporaba instituta krunskog svjedoka u kaznenom postupku.
Nadalje, krunski svjedok je pripadnik zločinačke organizacije, „pokajnik“ , kojem je sud dao položaj svjedoka u zamjenu za svjedočenje o zločinačkoj organizaciji čiji je član. Dakle, radi se o iznimci od načela legaliteta jer svjedok raspolaže informacijama od iznimne važnosti za rješenje kaznenog djela.
Literatura pokazuje da je prvi slučaj primjene ovog instituta zabilježen u Italiji, a ubrzo je prihvaćen i u brojnim drugim državama svijeta.When there is a probability that a criminal offense has been committed, various state bodies initiate criminal proceedings. A criminal procedure is defined as a set of legally regulated actions and measures, and a criminal offense as a violation of fundamental social values.
Criminal proceedings include actions aimed at determining whether a criminal offense has been committed , who committed it, and whether a sentence can be imposed. An integral part of every criminal procedure is the use of witnesses and the subject of this graduation thesis is the use of the crown witness institute in criminal proceedings.
Furthermore, the crown witness is a member of a criminal organization, a „repetant“, who was given the position of a witness by the court in exchange for testifying about the criminal organization of which he is a member. Therefore,it is an exception of legality, because the witness has some informations that are extremely important for solving the crime.
The literature shows us that the first case of application of this institutewas recorded in Italy, and soon it was accepted in numerous other countries of the world
Crown witness in criminal proceedings
No full textKada postoji vjerojatnost da je došlo do počinjenja kaznenog djela različita državna tijela pokreću kazneni postupak. Kazneni postupak definira se kao skup pravno uređenih radnji i mjera, a kazneno djelo kao povreda temeljnih društvenih vrijednosti.
Kazneni postupak obuhvaća radnje kojima je cilj utvrđivanje je li kazneno djelo počinjeno, tko ga je počinio te može li mu se izreći kazna. Sastavni dio svakog kaznenog postupka je uporaba svjedoka, a predmet ovog diplomskog rada je uporaba instituta krunskog svjedoka u kaznenom postupku.
Nadalje, krunski svjedok je pripadnik zločinačke organizacije, „pokajnik“ , kojem je sud dao položaj svjedoka u zamjenu za svjedočenje o zločinačkoj organizaciji čiji je član. Dakle, radi se o iznimci od načela legaliteta jer svjedok raspolaže informacijama od iznimne važnosti za rješenje kaznenog djela.
Literatura pokazuje da je prvi slučaj primjene ovog instituta zabilježen u Italiji, a ubrzo je prihvaćen i u brojnim drugim državama svijeta.When there is a probability that a criminal offense has been committed, various state bodies initiate criminal proceedings. A criminal procedure is defined as a set of legally regulated actions and measures, and a criminal offense as a violation of fundamental social values.
Criminal proceedings include actions aimed at determining whether a criminal offense has been committed , who committed it, and whether a sentence can be imposed. An integral part of every criminal procedure is the use of witnesses and the subject of this graduation thesis is the use of the crown witness institute in criminal proceedings.
Furthermore, the crown witness is a member of a criminal organization, a „repetant“, who was given the position of a witness by the court in exchange for testifying about the criminal organization of which he is a member. Therefore,it is an exception of legality, because the witness has some informations that are extremely important for solving the crime.
The literature shows us that the first case of application of this institutewas recorded in Italy, and soon it was accepted in numerous other countries of the world
Witness testimony and its probative value
No full textIskaz svjedoka jedan je od najčešćih, a može se reći i najbitnijih dokaza u kaznenom postupku.
Osoba koja je pozvana kao svjedok ima svoje dužnosti i obveze kojih se mora pridržavati. U protivnom, prijeti joj novčana ili čak i zatvorska kazna. Postoje iznimke u svjedočenju kada je osoba oslobođena od dužnosti svjedočenja i kada je isključena od dužnosti svjedočenja. Kada je svjedok dijete i/ili žrtva kaznenog djela, tada je potrebno postupati s posebnom pažnjom i oprezom.
Ispitivanje svjedoka proces je kojim se nastoje utvrditi činjenice bitne za rješavanje kaznenog djela. Iskaz svjedoka nije u potpunosti pouzdan dokaz iz više razloga. Naime, svjedokovo psihofizičko stanje kao i njegov mogući emocionalni odnos s okrivljenikom bitno utječu na njegov iskaz. Zbog navedenog, tijelo koje vodi postupak može dodatno provjeriti iskaz svjedoka predočenjem ranijeg iskaza, postavljanjem dodatnih pitanja ili suočenjem s drugim svjedokom.
Zbog cjelokupne osjetljivosti postupka, svjedok se može naći u vrlo nezavidnoj situaciji; svjedočenjem može ugroziti svoj život ili život bliske osobe. Da bi se navedeno spriječilo, svjedok se, po potrebi, može uključiti u Program zaštite u kojem se vodi posebna briga o zaštiti ugroženih osoba.Witness testimony is one of the most common and, possibly, the most important evidence in criminal procedure.
Person who is called to give the testimony has their duties and obligations and has to fulfill them. Otherwise, they can be penalized with money fine or even with imprisonment. There are some exceptions in witness examination; some people have certain privileges and are free of the duty to testify and other people are excluded from the duty to testify. If the person who is testifying is a minor or a victim of a felony, it is important to give them special care and attention.
Witness examination is a process of establishing the facts that are necessary for solving the case. There are many reasons why witness testimony is not completely reliable. For example, their psycho-physical condition and their relationship with the defendant affect their testimony a lot. Therefore, body leading the criminal proceedings can test witness credibility by asking them more questions, presenting them previous testimony and by making them face another witness.
By testifying, witnesses can easily jeopardize their own or life of a close person. To avoid that, witnesses can be included in special „Care program“ where they are being taken care of
Crown witness in criminal proceedings
No full textKada postoji vjerojatnost da je došlo do počinjenja kaznenog djela različita državna tijela pokreću kazneni postupak. Kazneni postupak definira se kao skup pravno uređenih radnji i mjera, a kazneno djelo kao povreda temeljnih društvenih vrijednosti.
Kazneni postupak obuhvaća radnje kojima je cilj utvrđivanje je li kazneno djelo počinjeno, tko ga je počinio te može li mu se izreći kazna. Sastavni dio svakog kaznenog postupka je uporaba svjedoka, a predmet ovog diplomskog rada je uporaba instituta krunskog svjedoka u kaznenom postupku.
Nadalje, krunski svjedok je pripadnik zločinačke organizacije, „pokajnik“ , kojem je sud dao položaj svjedoka u zamjenu za svjedočenje o zločinačkoj organizaciji čiji je član. Dakle, radi se o iznimci od načela legaliteta jer svjedok raspolaže informacijama od iznimne važnosti za rješenje kaznenog djela.
Literatura pokazuje da je prvi slučaj primjene ovog instituta zabilježen u Italiji, a ubrzo je prihvaćen i u brojnim drugim državama svijeta.When there is a probability that a criminal offense has been committed, various state bodies initiate criminal proceedings. A criminal procedure is defined as a set of legally regulated actions and measures, and a criminal offense as a violation of fundamental social values.
Criminal proceedings include actions aimed at determining whether a criminal offense has been committed , who committed it, and whether a sentence can be imposed. An integral part of every criminal procedure is the use of witnesses and the subject of this graduation thesis is the use of the crown witness institute in criminal proceedings.
Furthermore, the crown witness is a member of a criminal organization, a „repetant“, who was given the position of a witness by the court in exchange for testifying about the criminal organization of which he is a member. Therefore,it is an exception of legality, because the witness has some informations that are extremely important for solving the crime.
The literature shows us that the first case of application of this institutewas recorded in Italy, and soon it was accepted in numerous other countries of the world
The examination of the witness and his evidence value
No full textNaslov ovog diplomskog rada je ispitivanje svjedoka i njegova dokazna vrijednost. Ispitivanje svjedoka prema ZKP spada u dokazne radnje i to je ujedno i najčešće dokazno sredstvo bilo da se poziva od strane okrivljenika ili od strane tužitelja, odnosno tijela koje vodi postupak. Zakonodavac je omogućio ispitivanje svjedoka u cilju rasvjetljavanja činjenica, te radi uspješnog okončanja, odnosno završetka kaznenog postupka. U ZKP ispitivanje svjedoka uređeno je člancima 283-301. Svjedoka se može ispitati u fazi istrage i za vrijeme kaznenog postupka. U fazi istrage svjedoka ispituje državni odvjetnik, dok za vrijeme stadija rasprave uz državnog odvjetnika ispitivanje može obaviti okrivljenik, njegov branitelj kao i sud. Ugroženim skupinama kao što su djeca i žrtve kaznenih djela pri ispitivanju treba postupiti s određenom dozom opreza zbog njihovog psihofizičkog stanja. Uz okrivljenika koji ne može biti svjedok u kaznenom postupku, za svjedoka se ne mogu ispitati niti: 1) osobe koje bi svojim iskazom povrijedile zakonom ustanovljenu obvezu čuvanja tajnosti podataka dok je nadležno tijelo ne oslobodi te obveze, 2) branitelj okrivljenika, osim ako to okrivljenik sam ne zatraži, 3) okrivljenik u postupku prema kojem su primjenjen odredbe o spajanju postupka, 4) vjerski ispovjednik o sadržaju ispovjedi. Tijelo koje vodi postupak vjerodostojnost iskaza svjedoka može provjeravati tako da mu predoči raniji iskaz, da mu postavlja pitanja, te da ga suoči sa drugim svjedokom ili okrivljenikom.The title of this graduate thesis is the examination of the witness and his evidence value. According to the Code of Criminal Procedure witness examination constitutes a form of evidence, one of the most common, whether requested by the defendant or the prosecutor, or the body who conducting the procedure. The lawmaker has foreseen it as a means to establish facts and enable effective ending and conclusion of the criminal procedure. Witness examination is defined in Articles 283-301 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Witness can be examined in the investigation phase or during criminal proceedings. In the investigation phase witness is examined by the state attorney, while during criminal proceedings witness can be examined by the state attorney, defendants and his/her attorney as well as the body responsible for leading of the proceedings. If the witness is a member of a vulnerable group, such as a child or a victim of the criminal act he/she should be treated in a careful manner which takes into account their psycho-physical condition. The defendant cannot be a witness in the criminal proceedings. In addition, these categories of persons cannot be examined: 1) persons who would violate their legal duty of keeping secrecy of data until they are released of such duty by competent body; 2) defence attorney, unless the defendant asks him/her so; 3) defendant in the proceedings ; 4) religious official about the content of confession. The body leading the proceedings can test the credibility of the witness statement by presenting to her/him the previous statement, asking questions or making him/her face another witness or defendant
EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT AND TEMPORARY POSTPONEMENT OF SURRENDERING A SOUGHT PERSON FOR SERIOUS HUMANITARIAN REASONS – RECENT COURT PRACTICE
Get PDFZa razliku od tradicionalnog oblika izručenja traženih osoba koji je bio dugotrajan i složen postupak te nije postigao željeni učinak, europski uhidbeni nalog, kao pojednostavljeni oblik predaje traženih osoba, omogućio je slobodan i brz protok pravosudnih odluka u kaznenim stvarima na području slobode, sigurnosti i pravde. Radi se o pravnom institutu međunarodne kaznenopravne pomoći koji u sebi uključuje visoku razinu povjerenja i međusobnog priznanja unutar država članica Europske unije, a temelji se na Okvirnoj odluci Vijeća Europske unije od 13. lipnja 2002. godine o Europskom uhidbenom nalogu i postupcima predaje između država članica 2002/584/PUP. Europski uhidbeni nalog, uz ostalo, propisuje i razloge za obvezno te fakultativno neizvršavanje europskog uhidbenog naloga, kao i mogućnost privremene odgode predaje tražene osobe ako postoje razlozi da bi se time ugrozilo njezino zdravlje ili život (ozbiljni humanitarni razlozi). U tom kontekstu, autor je kroz sudsku praksu hrvatskih sudova i praksu Suda Europske unije razmotrio razne situacije koje se mogu pojaviti kod privremene odgode predaje tražene osobe zbog postojanja ozbiljnih humanitarnih razloga. Ujedno, autor predlaže rješenja pojedinih spornih pitanja kao npr. koliko dugo može trajati privremena odgoda, koje su sve mogućnosti pravosudnih tijela ako se vidi da će humanitarni razlozi trajati dulje vrijeme ili čak trajno i sl.Unlike the traditional form of extradition of sought persons, that was a long and complex process that did not achieve the wanted effects, the European Arrest Warrant, as a simplified form of surrendering of sought persons, has enabled free and swift flow of judicial decisions in the criminal matters in the field of freedom, security and justice. This is a legal institute of international judiciary aid that includes a high level of trust and mutual recognition between the European Union member states, based on the EU Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European Arrest Warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States 2002/584/PUP. The European Arrest Warrant stipulates, among others, the reasons for compulsory and facultative non-performance of the European Arrest Warrant, and the possibilities of temporary postponement of surrendering the sought person for serious reasons, where there is a possibility of compromising the person’s health or life (serious humanitarian reasons). In this context the author analyses, through the Croatian and the European court cases, various situations that may occur at temporarily postponing surrendering a sought person for serious humanitarian reasons. Furthermore, the author suggests solutions of various disputed questions, such as how long a temporary postponement may last, what options judicial authorities have if humanitarian reasons are expected to last longer periods of time or even permanently, and like
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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