1,720,955 research outputs found
ANALISIS BIAYA MANFAAT SOSIAL PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH GEDE BAGE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI SKENARIO EFISIENSI AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Get PDFRINGKASAN Sapto Prajogo, T631108010, Analisis Biaya Manfaat Sosial Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah Gede Bage Dengan Menggunakan Berbagai Skenario Efisiensi Air Pollution Control. Disertasi. Program Doktoral Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Tim promotor: Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, M.Sc., (Hons)., Ph.D. (Promotor), Dr. Evi Gravitiani, SE., M.Si.(Co Promotor I), Prof. Dr. Hartono, dr. M.Si. (Co Promotor II). Fakta yang terlihat sehari-hari menunjukkan bahwa umumnya sampah-sampah domestik, baik dari bahan organik maupun non-organik dibuang begitu saja dalam suatu bak sampah, dan kemudian melalui berbagai cara transportasi, sampah berpindah tempat mulai dari tempat sampah di rumah sampai ke tempat pembuangan sementara dan diteruskan sampai ke tempat pembuangan akhir. Sampah-sampah tersebut sebenarnya tidak akan menjadi masalah selama daya tampung alami lingkungan mencukupi. Masalahnya, kondisi dan situasi perkotaan yang padat penduduk dan sempit lahan, produksi sampah setiap hari melampaui daya tampung lingkungan, dan sarana penanganan dan pengolahan yang ada tidak mampu mengatasi dengan cepat. Kota Bandung mengambil langkah kebijakan untuk membangun sistem pengolahan sampah dan sekaligus menghasilkan energi listrik. Pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah (PLTSa) yang membakar langsung sampah dan memanfaatkan energi yang dihasilkan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. PLTSa ini dilengkapi dengan peralatan Air Pollution Control, bila dioperasikan dengan baik, maka Air Pollution Control dipastikan memiliki efisiensi yang tinggi, polutan beracun dapat dikendalikan. Sebagai upaya mengevaluasi kebijakan Pemerintah Bandung tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitian Analisis Biaya Manfaat Sosial Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah Gede Bage. Konsep dasar analisa biaya manfaat sosial ini adalah menghitung biaya di internal proyek dan biaya yang ditanggung lingkungan atau biaya eksternalitas, selain itu menghitung manfaat yang didapatkan proyek dan manfaat yang didapatkan lingkungan. Hasil perhitungan tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk menganalisa kelayakan proyek. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan perubahan efisiensi Air Pollution Control terhadap komponen biaya eksternalitas, serta hubungan perubahan efisiensi Air Pollution Control terhadap tingkat kelayakan pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah. Rancangan penelitian, dalam penelitian ini memiliki variabel bebas berupa efisiensi air pollution control. Efisiensi Air Pollution Control adalah jumlah polutan yang berhasil dikendalikan dibagi potensi polutan yang dibangkitkan. Satuan dinyatakan dengan persen. nilai dari efisiensi Air Pollution Control tersebut direncanakan pada nilai 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% dan 99%. Penelitian ini memiliki variabel terikat berupa biaya eksternalitas dan tingkat kelayakan proyek. Biaya eksternalitas ini bersifat merugikan, adalah tersebarnya kontaminan ke lingkungan yang menyebabkan gangguan terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Analisis Tingkat kelayakan proyek pada dasarnya adalah menganalisis efisiensi suatu proyek. Biaya eksternalitas yang merugikan dihitung berdasarkan, perkiraan jumlah penduduk yang sakit karena paparan polutan yang tersebar ke lingkungan, dan selanjutnya dikalikan dengan biaya berobat karena sakit tersebut. Perhitungan jumlah polutan yang tersebar ke lingkungan, dihitung mulai dari menentukan 10 polutan penting (Cr, Cd, As, CDD/CDF, Hg, Pb, SO2, HCl, PM dan NOx), menghitung laju polutan yang diemisikan lewat cerobong, memperkirakan sebaran di 16 penjuru mata angin, dan 45 titik tinjau per arah angin. Perhitungan sebaran polutan ini menggunakan metoda dispersi atmosfer. Hasil perhitungan dapat dibuat peta isopleth. Peta isopleth tersebut dihamparkan (overlay) ke peta tematik yang memiliki informasi demografi. Selanjutnya dari dosis polutan yang diisap penduduk di kawasan tertentu akan dapat diperkirakan responnya. Perkiraan dosis-respon terhadap 10 kontaminan (karsinogen dan non karsinogen) diasumsikan dengan komposisi jumlah yang sama dan disebarkan secara kontinyu selama selama 25 tahun. Perhitungan biaya eksternalitas tersebut diulang sesuai dosis kontaminan pada saat nilai nilai efisiensi air pollution control sebesar 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% dan 99%. Masing-masing nilai efisiensi Air Pollution Control dengan proyeksi selama 25 tahun akan dapat dihitung biaya eksternalitas karena beroperasinya PLTSa. Kelengkapan data yang lain dapat dilakukan pengujian BCR, NPV dan IRR. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa regresi. Dari variabel-variabel yang telah berhasil dihitung, dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara variabel efisiensi Air Pollution Control terhadap variabel nilai biaya eksternalitas, dan terhadap tingkat kelayakan proyek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang sangat erat, antara efisiensi Air Pollution Control terhadap biaya eksternalitas. Terdapat hubungan yang sangat erat antara efisiensi Air Pollution Control terhadap tingkat kelayakan proyek. Keywords: waste to energy, Social Benefit Cost Analysis, efficiency, air pollution control, externality, feasibilit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
