27 research outputs found
Osmotic Release Tablets Formulation and Evaluationof Ace Inhibitor Molecule
No full textIn the present study the Suitable analytical methods were developed for the drug using UV – visible spectrophotometer. From the Preformulation study and thermal analysis (DSC), the interference was verified and found that the drug did not interfere with the excipient use.Core tablet was successfully prepared by wet granulation using Polyethylene oxide WSR N80, Mannitol 25C, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, Polyethylene WSR 303, sodium chloride, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5), Iron oxide red. Isopropyl cellulose was found to be suitable granulating fluid for binder.Formulation of the drug coating was optimized by using 22 factorial design of experiment.The coated tablets were evaluated for various physicochemical parameter. About 79 to 95% of drug was released from the formulation A-E in 24 hr in 6.8 phosphate buffer.The in vitro drug release data were plotted in zero order kinetics and optimized batch were evaluated on the basis of regression coefficient.The in-vitro drug release from the optimized formulation in the dissertation was directly proportional to the concentration of plasticizer and concentration of cellulose acetate.The manufacturing procedure was standardized and reproducibl
Formulation and Evaulation of Triazolam Odts by Direct Compression Forselection & Optimization of Super Disintegrates
No full textOral Disintegrating Tablets of Triazolam were formulated with an aim to improve the versatility, patient compliance, and accurate dosing. The formulations ere developed with an objective to use by the pediatric and geriatric patients. Triazolam Oral Disintegrating Tablets were prepared by direct compression method using cross povidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate and combinations of CP+CCS, and CP + SSG as super disintegrates exhibited good pre-formulation and tableting properties of three super disintegrates, the formulation contained combination of CP + CCS showed better performance in terms of disintegration time when compared to other formulations. Order of the super disintegrates activity is as follows.
(CP + CCS) > (CP + SSG) > CP > CCS >SSG
The formulation F15 was found to be the best among all twenty Triazolam ODT formulations because it has exhibited Faster disintegration time (17.66 sec) when compared to the other formulations and it showed 99.87±0.18% drug release at the end of 25 min. Triazolam Oral Disintegrating Films were prepared by solvent casting method using different grades of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose like HPMC – E15, HPMC – 5cps, HPMC – 50cps. Based on disintegration and dissolution results it was concluded that the formulation F15 contained CP 5% + CCS 5% was the best formulation among all otherformulations
இனவரைவியல் நோக்கில் ‘சங்கம்’ புதினம் / The Novel Sangam in Ethnographic Perspective
No full textEthnography is a branch of the field of anthropology that originated in Western academic fields at the end of the nineteenth century. The English word ‘Ethnography’ is derived from two Greek words 'Ethnos' and 'graphein'. 'Ethnos' means race, ethnic group or people. 'Graphein' means ‘writing’ or ‘drawing’. Therefore, writing about a particular ethnic group or people can be called ethnography. The ethnographic knowledge of the author is the reason behind such messages that appear in the literature. Ethnographic information about a particular race in literature contributes to the character creation and background of that literature. Ethnography is the study of a particular group of people or a particular community. There are many new kinds of literature in the Tamil community that records the traditions of the particular society along with their feelings. Ku. Chinnappa Bharathi's novel 'Sangam' has portrayed the Kolli hill community from an ethnographic perspective. If the land is life for the tiller or the mountain dwellers the mountain; they live in the same place. The land and the land people or the mountain and mountain people cannot be separated. The writer who wants to record the life of the people can only record the life of the people according to the place. The basic elements of ethnography such as the writer's personal experience, field experience, and book knowledge have been combined to create a new association that tells the life of the people. The Tamil novel “Sangam” delineates the people of the Kolli Hills. The author portrays the life of the people of Kolli Hills through the life of Savichadayan, son of Savithiruman. Sadayan’s fear of the two policemen, the way of life of the people, geography, environment, climate, residential system, family structure, social structure, marriage system, housing system, life rituals, dowry, economy, industry, production, consumption, distribution, exchange, political system, social control, traditional laws, religious beliefs, worship, festivals, games, aesthetic thoughts are portrayed in the novel. Hence, the novel 'Sangam' is an ethnographic repository that includes the entire life of the people of Kolli Hills and the article examines this from an ethnographic perspective
Antimicrobial Potency of Some Traditional Medicinal Plants of North-Eastern India: An In-Depth Review
No full textThe hilly regions of Northeastern states of India are enriched with many medicinal plants. More than 50% of the total plant species present in this region are flowering plants, and majority of these flowering plants are gymnosperms. Various phytochemicals derived from these plants like terpenoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, and flavonoids have therapeutic properties against many human diseases. These phytochemicals need to be studied thoroughly to explore more about their therapeutic effects and develop targeted therapeutic strategies. Antibiotic resistance has posed serious threat to the treatment strategies against infectious diseases, as many microbes are becoming resistant to the existing antibiotics. In this context, the antimicrobial compounds derived from plants, can be an alternative to antibiotics and showing no resistance by the pathogenic microorganisms. Besides, the plants also play crucial role in sustainable agriculture, and nutrient cycling. The present review article discusses in details about the beneficial effects of these plants with their antimicrobial properties, presence of diverse bioactive compounds, and their therapeutic effects. This article provides substantial information on the medicinal plants of the Northeastern region of India, which will help the researchers working in this area to design their research work efficiently with more updated information available. However, more studies are required to make the best use of phytochemicals extracted from the plants, towards the development of targeted therapeutic strategies
COVID-19 Vaccines and Adverse Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered Patients of COVID-19: An In-depth Review
No full textSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is characterised by severe respiratory syndrome and other complications. It is a serious threat to global public health if proper vaccination is not followed. The efficient COVID-19 management requires vaccination along with other precautionary measures. Public transmission of COVID-19 seems to have decreased and immune response to viral infections has improved by vaccination. The present review discusses in detail about the current situation of the COVID-19, based on the latest reports about approved vaccine types and their efficacy, vaccination status, and various SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review also includes insights into the post-COVID complications in recovered patients. Besides, some of the ill-effects of drugs in inducing other diseases in COVID-19 recovered patients, are also discussed in this review article. This study will help the researchers to prepare strategies for further research on vaccine production and prevent the occurrence of the disease in future
Probiotics: A Promising Candidate for Management of Colorectal Cancer
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the World’s third most frequently diagnosed cancer type. It accounted for about 9.4% mortality out of the total incidences of cancer in the year 2020. According to estimated facts by World Health Organization (WHO), by 2030, 27 million new CRC cases, 17 million deaths, and around 75 million people living with the disease will appear. The facts and evidence that establish a link between the intestinal microflora and the occurrence of CRC are quite intuitive. Current shortcomings of chemo- and radiotherapies and the unavailability of appropriate treatment strategies for CRC are becoming the driving force to search for an alternative approach for the prevention, therapy, and management of CRC. Probiotics have been used for a long time due to their beneficial health effects, and now, it has become a popular candidate for the preventive and therapeutic treatment of CRC. The probiotics adopt different strategies such as the improvement of the intestinal barrier function, balancing of natural gut microflora, secretion of anticancer compounds, and degradation of carcinogenic compounds, which are useful in the prophylactic treatment of CRC. The pro-apoptotic ability of probiotics against cancerous cells makes them a potential therapeutic candidate against cancer diseases. Moreover, the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics have created interest among researchers to explore the therapeutic strategy by activating the immune system against cancerous cells. The present review discusses in detail different strategies and mechanisms of probiotics towards the prevention and treatment of CRC
In Silico exploration of phytochemicals as potential drug candidates against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
No full textBackground: The objective of the study was to use docking and pharmacological research to explore phytochemicals as therapeutic candidates for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: The 100 plant compounds for the study were selected after a thorough review of the most recent literature using PubMed and Google Scholar. Three-dimensional structure in Structure-Data File Format of all phytochemicals was downloaded and collected from the PubChem platform. In parallel, the three-dimensional structure of the target protein dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in Protein Data Bank (PDB) format was obtained from the website of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics-PDB. AutoDock Vina software was used for the docking purpose. SwissADME and the admetSAR web server were used to further examine the top docked compounds for the pharmacological investigation. Results: Out of 100 phytochemicals, only 15 have shown better or comparable binding affinity above the benchmark medication, sitagliptin (−7.9 kcal/mol). All of these compounds were assessed to determine their viability as potential drugs by predicting their Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties. Two of these phytochemicals have proven their potential as medication candidates by passing the ADMET requirements. Conclusions: In silico studies help explore and find drug candidates among the enormous pool of phytochemicals and narrow down the screening process, saving time and money on experiments. In vitro and in vivo testing can be used in the future to further validate drug candidature
GC-MS PROFILING AND ANTIDIABETIC EVALUATION OF DATURA METEL: AN IN VITRO STUDY
No full textObjectives: The aim of this work was to identify different bioactive molecules reported in the leaf and seed extracts of the selected plant Datura metel using bioanalytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to assess the efficacy of the extracts for their antidiabetic properties.
Methods: Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 was used on plant extracts through a standard protocol for phytochemical analysis. For the in vitro antidiabetic analysis, an α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was performed, in addition to total phenol assay, total flavonoid assay, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay.
Results: A total of 48 compounds in leaves and 46 compounds in seeds were identified through GC-MS analysis. The important bioactive compounds are dibutyl phthalate, neophytadiene, campesterol, 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran, aposcopolamine, (Z)-18-octadec-9-enolide, scopolamine, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in leaf and seed extracts. The D. metel leaves (DM-L) had a high α-amylase inhibition (IC50=53.26 μg/mL), followed by D. metel seed (DM-S) (IC50=54.129 μg/mL) with respect to the standard acarbose (IC50=65.46 μg/mL), and this demonstrates its strong antidiabetic properties. In the same manner, the inhibition of α-glucosidase had an IC50 of 77.73 μg/mL in DM-L and 115.96 μg/mL in DM-S, as opposed to 42.98 μg/mL in acarbose.
Conclusion: In general, these findings demonstrate that D. metel extracts, particularly the leaf extract, have a high antidiabetic potential because it have a great α-amylase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity, suggesting the use of plant extracts as hypoglycemic agents, and in pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches for diabetes. The reported phytochemicals are associated with different biological activities, namely, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and others
Potential Materials for Fuel Cells
No full textabstract: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have attracted immense research activities from the inception of the technology due to its high stability and performance capabilities. The major obstacle from commercialization is the cost of the catalyst material in manufacturing the fuel cell. In the present study, the major focus in PEMFCs has been in reduction of the cost of the catalyst material using graphene, thin film coated and Organometallic Molecular catalysts. The present research is focused on improving the durability and active surface area of the catalyst materials with low platinum loading using nanomaterials to reduce the effective cost of the fuel cells. Performance, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, oxygen reduction and surface morphology studies were performed on each manufactured material.
Alkaline fuel cells with anion exchange membrane get immense attention due to very attractive opportunity of using non-noble metal catalyst materials. In the present study, cathodes with various organometallic cathode materials were prepared and investigated for alkaline membrane fuel cells for oxygen reduction and performance studies. Co and Fe Phthalocyanine catalyst materials were deposited on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) support materials. Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated using Tokuyama Membrane (#A901) with cathodes containing Co and Fe Phthalocyanine/MWCNTs and Pt/C anodes. Fuel cell performance of the MEAs was examined.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Technology 201
Critical Review on Physiological and Molecular Features during Bovine Mammary Gland Development: Recent Advances
No full textThe mammary gland is a unique organ with the ability to undergo repeated cyclic changes throughout the life of mammals. Among domesticated livestock species, ruminants (cattle and buffalo) constitute a distinct class of livestock species that are known milk producers. Cattle and buffalo contribute to 51 and 13% of the total milk supply in the world, respectively. They also play an essential role in the development of the economy for farming communities by providing milk, meat, and draft power. The development of the ruminant mammary gland is highly dynamic and multiphase in nature. There are six developmental stages: embryonic, prepubertal, pubertal, pregnancy, lactation, and involution. There has been substantial advancement in our understanding of the development of the mammary gland in both mouse and human models. Until now, there has not been a thorough investigation into the molecular processes that underlie the various stages of cow udder development. The current review sheds light on the morphological and molecular changes that occur during various developmental phases in diverse species, with a particular focus on the cow udder. It aims to explain the physiological differences between cattle and non-ruminant mammalian species such as humans, mice, and monkeys. Understanding the developmental biology of the mammary gland in molecular detail, as well as species-specific variations, will facilitate the researchers working in this area in further studies on cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, organogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Additionally, in-depth knowledge of the mammary gland will promote its use as a model organ for research work and promote enhanced milk yield in livestock animals without affecting their health and welfare
