177,199 research outputs found
Carcassi C., Porcella R., Manca M.L., La Nasa G., Leone A.L., Boero R., Cerimele D., Contu L.: Analisi del DNA della regione HLA nel Sarcoma di Kaposi classico Rivista di Oncologia, 1-2: 1-5, 1987
No full textThe infant incubator in the neonatal intensive care unit: unresolved issues and future developments
No full textSince the 19(th) century, devices termed incubators were developed to maintain thermal stability in low birth weight (LBW) and sick newborns, thus improving their chances of survival. Remarkable progress has been made in the production of infant incubators, which are currently highly technological devices. However, they still need to be improved in many aspects. Regarding the temperature and humidity control, future incubators should minimize heat loss from the neonate and eddies around him/her. An unresolved issue is exposure to high noise levels in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Strategies aimed at modifying the behavior of NICU personnel, along with structural improvements in incubator design, are required to reduce noise exposure. Light environment should be taken into consideration in designing new models of incubators. In fact, ambient NICU illumination may cause visual pathway sequelae or possibly retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), while premature exposure to continuous lighting may adversely affect the rest-activity patterns of the newborn. Accordingly, both the use of incubator covers and circadian lighting in the NICU might attenuate these effects. The impact of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on infant health is still unclear. However, future incubators should be designed to minimize the EMF exposure of the newborn
Current Challenges in Neonatal Resuscitation: What is the Role of Adrenaline?
No full textAdrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. It is the best established drug in neonatal resuscitation, but only weak evidence supports current recommendations for its use. Furthermore, the available evidence is partly based on extrapolations from adult studies, and this introduces further uncertainty, especially when considering the unique physiological characteristics of newly born infants. The timing, dose, and route of administration of adrenaline are still debated, even though this medication has been used in neonatal resuscitation for a long time. According to the most recent Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines from the American Heart Association, adrenaline use is indicated when the heart rate remains < 60 beats per minute despite the establishment of adequate ventilation with 100% oxygen and chest compressions. The aforementioned guidelines recommend intravenous administration (via an umbilical venous catheter) of adrenaline at a dose of 0.01-0.03 mg/kg (1:10,000 concentration). Endotracheal administration of a higher dose (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) may be considered while venous access is being obtained, even if supportive data for endotracheal adrenaline are lacking. The safety and efficacy of intraosseous administration of adrenaline remain to be investigated. This article reviews the evidence on the circulatory effects and tolerability of adrenaline in the newborn, discusses literature data on adrenaline use in neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and describes international recommendations and outcome data regarding the use of this medication during neonatal resuscitation
Intrauterine smoke exposure: a new risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the role of intrauterine smoke exposure and other variables on the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants with birth weight < 1500 g (VLBW).
METHODS:
This case-control study investigated 277 VLBW infants (141 cases, 136 controls) admitted at birth to neonatal intensive care unit and survived to discharge. A retrospective telephone interview provided detailed parental information supplementing clinical data. Logistic regression assessed the effects of birth weight 7 days (MV>7), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intrauterine smoke exposure > or = 3 months (ISE), and of parental history of asthma on BPD (oxygen dependency at 28 days with characteristic radiographic abnormalities) occurrence.
RESULTS:
Including all variables, only GA7 were significantly associated with BPD. ISE did not contribute significantly to this model (odds ratio [OR] 1.94; 95% confidence interval 0.88-4.26). Excluding iatrogenic variable MV>7, GA<30, RDS, PDA and ISE (OR 2.21; 95% confidence interval 1.03-4.76) were significantly associated with BPD. Analyzing GA as a continuous variable, the OR was 0.63 for each additional week.
CONCLUSIONS:
Prolonged mechanical ventilation, RDS and low gestational age were the major BPD determinants. Intrauterine smoke exposure seems to influence independently BPD development
Bronchiolitis-associated encephalopathy in critically-ill infants: an underestimated complication?
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dose-frequenza di carbamazepina e controllo dellew crisi in pazienti con epilessia grave in trattamento cronico
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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