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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Milieukwaliteitsnormen voor vrij cyanide in zoet en zout oppervlaktewater. Voorstel voor milieukwaliteitsnormen volgens de beoordelingsmethodiek van de Kaderrichtlijn Water
No full textCyanide exists as both a naturally-occurring substance and a man-made version. It sees frequent use in the processing of iron, steel and oil. Cyanide is also commonly used in the mining and energy industries. As a result, it sometimes ends up in the environment. Different forms of cyanide exist. The most toxic form is ‘free cyanide’. A high concentration of free cyanide in water can be toxic for the reproduction of aquatic plants and animals. Although standards for free cyanide in surface water already exist in the Netherlands, they are outdated. This is because the method used to determine the standards has improved in recent years. In addition, a great deal of new knowledge about the toxicity of cyanide has been published in scientific literature. Using these insights, RIVM has derived new standards for free cyanide in fresh and marine water. While the results are similar to the 2001 standards, they are now better supported. Water managers measure the concentrations of cyanide in surface water. This new standard will make it easier for them to judge whether the concentrations they find are harmful to aquatic life. For freshwater, RIVM has determined that a concentration of 0.22 micrograms of free cyanide per litre of water is safe for aquatic plants and animals. For marine water, a slightly lower concentration of 0.044 micrograms per litre has been determined as safe. The concentration of free cyanide can fluctuate. The exposure to free cyanide for short amounts of time at a level of up to 1.7 micrograms per litre are not expected to affect aquatic life in either fresh or marine water. Other countries and researchers have determined their own standards for free cyanide, using a variety of different methods. RIVM has examined these methodological differences and the ensuing results. The other parties’ results are very similar to those reached in the Netherlands. Free cyanide is difficult to measure. For this reason, water managers in the Netherlands measure the total concentration of cyanide. Free cyanide accounts for part of this total. RIVM recommends exploring the possibilities for measuring free cyanide on its own.Cyanide is een natuurlijke stof die ook door de mens veel wordt gemaakt en gebruikt. Zo wordt de stof gebruikt bij de verwerking van ijzer, staal en olie. Ook wordt de stof veel in de mijnbouw en de energiesector gebruikt. De stof kan daarbij in het milieu terechtkomen. Cyanide komt in verschillende vormen voor. De giftigste vorm is ‘vrij cyanide’. Een hoge concentratie vrij cyanide in water kan bijvoorbeeld schadelijk zijn voor de voortplanting van planten en dieren die daarin leven. In Nederland bestaat er al een norm voor vrij cyanide in oppervlaktewater, maar deze is verouderd. In de afgelopen jaren is de methode om de norm te bepalen verbeterd. Ook is er veel nieuwe kennis over de giftigheid van cyanide in de wetenschappelijke literatuur gepubliceerd. Met deze inzichten heeft het RIVM opnieuw de normen voor vrij cyanide in zoet en zout oppervlaktewater bepaald. De resultaten zijn vergelijkbaar met de normen uit 2001 maar zijn nu beter onderbouwd. Zo kunnen waterbeheerders beter inschatten of de concentraties cyanide die ze meten in het oppervlaktewater schadelijk zijn voor het waterleven. Voor planten en dieren die in zoet water leven, heeft het RIVM een veilige concentratie van vrij cyanide berekend van 0,22 microgram per liter water. Voor zeewater is er een iets lagere concentratie van 0,044 microgram per liter berekend. Kortdurend mag de concentratie vrij cyanide op lopen tot 1,7 microgram per liter voor zoet en zout water. Ook dan worden er geen effecten op het waterleven verwacht. Meer landen en onderzoekers hebben een norm voor vrij cyanide berekend. Ze hebben dat niet overal op precies dezelfde manier gedaan. Het RIVM heeft naar deze verschillen en de uitkomsten van hun berekeningen gekeken. Hun resultaten blijken sterk overeen te komen met die van Nederland. Vrij cyanide is moeilijk te meten. In Nederland wordt daarom ‘totaal’ cyanide gemeten, waar vrij cyanide een onderdeel van is. Het RIVM adviseert te kijken naar de mogelijkheden om wel vrij cyanide te meten
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Environmental risk limits for free cyanide in fresh- and marine surface water. Proposal for water quality standards according to the methodology of the Water Framework Directive
No full textCyanide exists as both a naturally-occurring substance and a man-made version. It sees frequent use in the processing of iron, steel and oil. Cyanide is also commonly used in the mining and energy industries. As a result, it sometimes ends up in the environment. Different forms of cyanide exist. The most toxic form is ‘free cyanide’. A high concentration of free cyanide in water can be toxic for the reproduction of aquatic plants and animals. Although standards for free cyanide in surface water already exist in the Netherlands, they are outdated. This is because the method used to determine the standards has improved in recent years. In addition, a great deal of new knowledge about the toxicity of cyanide has been published in scientific literature. Using these insights, RIVM has derived new standards for free cyanide in fresh and marine water. While the results are similar to the 2001 standards, they are now better supported. Water managers measure the concentrations of cyanide in surface water. This new standard will make it easier for them to judge whether the concentrations they find are harmful to aquatic life. For freshwater, RIVM has determined that a concentration of 0.22 micrograms of free cyanide per litre of water is safe for aquatic plants and animals. For marine water, a slightly lower concentration of 0.044 micrograms per litre has been determined as safe. The concentration of free cyanide can fluctuate. The exposure to free cyanide for short amounts of time at a level of up to 1.7 micrograms per litre are not expected to affect aquatic life in either fresh or marine water. Other countries and researchers have determined their own standards for free cyanide, using a variety of different methods. RIVM has examined these methodological differences and the ensuing results. The other parties’ results are very similar to those reached in the Netherlands. Free cyanide is difficult to measure. For this reason, water managers in the Netherlands measure the total concentration of cyanide. Free cyanide accounts for part of this total. RIVM recommends exploring the possibilities for measuring free cyanide on its own
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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