1,721,197 research outputs found
Fumo, alcol e salute orale
No full textObiettivi. Il fumo di sigaretta, seconda causa di morte nel mondo, e l’abuso di alcol, una delle principali cause di mortalità e
morbilità, costituiscono importanti fattori di rischio per le patologie del cavo orale. Scopo di questo lavoro è presentare gli effetti
del fumo di sigaretta e dell’abuso di alcol sulla salute orale. Sono inoltre illustrate le modalità di realizzazione di interventi di
cessazione dell’abitudine al fumo nell’ambito dell’attività professionale dell’odontoiatra e dell’igienista dentale. Materiali e metodi.
Attraverso la banca dati Medline/Pubmed sono stati selezionati i lavori originali, le revisioni della letteratura e le linee guida
in lingua inglese e in italiano pubblicati sull’argomento dal 2006 al primo trimestre del 2013. Altre fonti sono state scelte dai
riferimenti bibliografici selezionati. Risultati e conclusioni. Il fumo rappresenta il più importante fattore di rischio per il carcinoma
a cellule squamose della mucosa orale e per le lesioni potenzialmente maligne; l’abuso di alcol, associato al fumo, aumenta
in modo sinergico il rischio di insorgenza del carcinoma orale. Il fumo, inoltre, dopo la placca batterica, è il secondo fattore di
rischio per l’insorgenza e la progressione della parodontite cronica, mentre ulteriori studi sono necessari per stabilire un analogo
ruolo per il consumo di alcol. L’approccio delle “5 A” rappresenta una modalità di intervento efficace che i componenti del team
odontoiatrico possono attuare con tutti i pazienti fumatori. I pazienti impegnati in tentativi di cessazione del fumo dovrebbero far
ricorso alla terapia sostitutiva nicotinica, o all’assunzione di bupropione a rilascio controllato o di vareniclina, per incrementare
significativamente le probabilità di successo del tentativo di cessazione.Objectives. Cigarette smoking, the second cause of death worldwide, and alcohol abuse, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity,
are major risk factors for oral diseases. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse on oral
health. Specific strategies are also proposed to develop smoking cessation interventions in the office practice of dentists and dental
hygienists providing. Materials and methods. Original papers, reviews and guidelines on this subject, published in English and
in Italian from 2006 to the first trimester of 2013, were located in the Medline/Pubmed database. Additional publications were
obtained by searching the reference list of retrieved works. Results and conclusions. Cigarette smoking is the most important
risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant oral lesions; alcohol abuse increases oral cancer risk in a
synergistic fashion. Moreover, cigarette smoking is the second risk factor for chronic periodontitis, after dental plaque, whereas
further studies are needed to assess the role of alcohol consumption on onset and progression of chronic periodontitis. The “Five
A’s” approach represents an effective protocol for smoking cessation that members of dental team can use with all smoker patients.
The patients attempting to quit should use the nicotine replacement therapy, sustained-release bupropion or varenicline in order to
significantly increase success rate of quit attempt
Overdenture su denti naturali. Analisi dei vantaggi clinici
No full textHybrid prosthesis supported by natural teeth (overdenture) is widely used in clinical practice and should be executed whenever the clinical conditions suggest it. Through a critical review of the literature, the anatomical, functional, psychological and clinical advantages are emphasized. Among the first ones, the prophylaxis of residual anatomical components, due to the limitation of bone resorption, and the preservation of sensorial proprioception are relevant. Important advantages are also represented by a better crown-root ratio of residual teeth supporting overdenture, with the consequent improvement of the longitudinal prognosis of such teeth. The greater retention and stability of overdenture in comparison with complete denture greatly improve the masticatory efficacy. The psychological advantages resulting from the dental anchorage, which allows the patient to be more confident in social life, are also relevant. Finally, when the dental support is lost, converting overdenture into complete denture is simple and quick, and makes easier the longitudinal clinical maintenance of the denture
POTHOLES AS EVIDENCE OF ABRASION PROCESS: INVESTIGATIONS ON AN ATLANTIC (SPAIN) AND A MEDITERRANEAN (ITALY) COAST
No full textPotholes are cylindrical depressions in rocky substrates, the genesis of which is connected to the presence of two elements: sediments and wa-ter energy. Coastal potholes have been less studied than stream potholes, for which a model of enlargement triggered by the vortex motion of water was developed. The main factors that determine the formation of pot-holes are bedrock type, geological structure, the presence of sediments and the occurrence of mechanical erosion, namely abrasion, traditionally considered responsible for shaping the pothole itself. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of abrasion and the effect of other factors, such as the amount of sediments, in shaping potholes on shore platforms or other flat surfaces along rocky coasts. Study sites were selected in two different landscapes: the Atlantic coast of NW Spain and the Mediter-ranea n coast of NW Italy. Five potholes were randomly selected in each study site. Abrasion results in an increase of mechanical strength of the rock that can be measured with a durometer such as the Equotip. Rock hardness was tested in the investigated potholes along cross-shore ori-ented transects and the amount of sediment content in each pothole was analyzed and related to the pothole morphometry. Abrasion was con-sidered effective in specific tracts of the profile where hardness values proved to be particularly high. Data obtained in most of the potholes showed a common pattern: they underlined a change in hardness along the profile and showed the effectiveness of the abrasion process on the bottom and on the highest part of the walls, mainly on the landward side. It was also demonstrated that when a pothole is actively developing due to abrasion, an equilibrium between the amount of sediments and wave energy exists, that can be quantified through an index. Our work contributes to the quantitative knowledge of the process of abrasion as responsible of the genesis of coastal potholes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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