111 research outputs found
Effects assessment of 10 functioning years on the main components of the molten salt PCS experimental facility of ENEA
No full textIn the frame of the Solar Thermodynamic Laboratory, ENEA has improved CSP Parabolic Trough technologies by adopting new advanced solutions for linear tube receivers and by implementing a binary mixture of molten salt (60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3) [1] as both heat transfer fluid and heat storage medium in solar field and in storage tanks, thus allowing the solar plants to operate at high temperatures up to 550°C. Further improvements have regarded parabolic mirror collectors, piping and process instrumentation. All the innovative components developed by ENEA, together with other standard parts of the plant, have been tested and qualified under actual solar operating conditions on the PCS experimental facility at the ENEA Casaccia Research Center in Rome (Italy). The PCS (Prova Collettori Solari, i.e. Test of Solar Collectors) facility is the main testing loop built by ENEA and it is unique in the world for what concerns the high operating temperature and the fluid used (mixture of molten salt). It consists in one line of parabolic trough collectors (test section of 100 m long life-size solar collectors) using, as heat transfer fluid, the aforesaid binary mixture of molten salt up to 10 bar, at high temperature in the range 270° and 550°C and a flow rate up to 6.5 kg/s. It has been working since early 2004 [2] till now; it consists in a unique closed loop, and it is totally instrumented. In this paper the effects of over ten years qualification tests on the pressurized tank will be presented, together with the characterization of the thermal losses of the piping of the molten salt circuit, and some observations performed on the PCS facility during its first ten years of operation. © 2016 Author(s)
PERCHLORATES AS POWERFUL CATALYSTS IN MANY IMPORTANT ORGANIC TRANSFORMATIONS
No full textFor long times, metallic perchlorates have been considered dangerous compounds[1] in that they function as explosives and as incontrollable oxidizers.
Therefore, the fear of the great hazard connected with their manufacture and uses had prevented an extensive use both in research laboratories and in industrial processes.[2]
However, recently it has been cleared that this bad reputation is due to the mistaken association of metallic perchlorates with the oxidizing potential of perchloric acid and the pyrotechnic performances of NH4ClO4.
In this conference, we report that Magnesium and Zinc perchlorates can be used as powerful Lewis acids in several organic transformations which are commonly employed both in laboratory and industrial processes.
As depicted in the Scheme, perchlorates are able to promote a series of reactions such as:
a) Acylation of alcohols[3,4]
b) Fisher esterification[5]
c) Synthesis of b–enamino esters[6]
d) Protection of the amino group as N-Boc derivative[7]
Moreover, they can act as specific catalysts for the development of a new organic transformations. In fact, the treatment of an alcohol or a phenol with Boc2O in the presence of Mg(ClO4)2 leads to the unexpected formation of the corresponding t-butyl ethers.[8] This represents the first general method to synthesize aromatic t-butyl ethers.
In an analogous manner, the treatment of phenols with diethyl dicarbonate results in a very efficient method to produce difficulty available aryl ethyl carbonates.
Several of the above mentioned transformations can be carried out in the absence of the solvent, and often the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without an appreciable loss of activity.
Acknowledgement
Work carried out in the framework of the National Project “Stereoselezione in Sintesi Organica. Metodologie e Applicazioni” supported by MIUR, Rome, by the University of Bologna, in the framework of “Progetto di Finanziamento Pluriennale, Ateneo di Bologna”, and by National project FIRB “Progettazione, preparazione e valutazione biologica e farmacologica di nuove molecole organiche quali potenziali farmaci”
References
[1] Schumacher, J. C. Perchlorates-Their Properties, Manufacture and Uses, ACS Monograph Series, Reinhold: New York, 1960.Author. Title[J]. Name of the journal, Year, Volume(Issue): initial page and ending page (Optional).
[2] Long, J. Chemical Health & Safety, 2002, 9, 12.
[3] Bartoli, G.; Bosco, M.; Dalpozzo, R.; Marcantoni, E.; Massaccesi, M.; Rinaldi, S.; Sambri, L. Synlett, 2003, 39.
[4] Bartoli, G.; Bosco, M.; Dalpozzo, R.; Marcantoni, E.; Massaccesi, M.; Sambri, L. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 4611.
[5] a) Gooβen, L.; Döhring, A. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2003, 345, 943; b) Bartoli, G.; Boeglin, J.; Bosco, M.; Locatelli, M.; Massaccesi, M.; Melchiorre, P.; Sambri, L. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2005, 347, 33.
[6] Bartoli, G.; Bosco, M.; Locatelli, M.; Marcantoni, E.; Melchiorre, P.; Sambri, L. Synlett 2004, 239.
[7] Bartoli, G.; Bosco, M.; Locatelli, M.; Marcantoni, E.; Massaccesi, M.; Melchiorre, P.; Sambri, L. Synlett 2004, 1794.
[8] Bartoli, G.; Bosco, M.; Locatelli, M.; Marcantoni, E.; Melchiorre, P.; Sambri, L. Org. Lett., 2004, 7, 427
Natalizumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis: results of a cohort of 55 cases.
No full textBackground: Limited information is available on the use of natalizumab (NA) in pediatric multiple sclerosis (ped-MS) patients. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term effects of NA in a large cohort of active ped-MS patients. Methods: Patients with definite ped-MS were treated with NA if in the previous year they had experienced at least two relapses or a severe relapse with incomplete recovery while on immunomodulating treatment, or at least two relapses and new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions regardless of any prior treatment. Results: The study included 55 patients (mean age: 14.4 years, mean number of relapses: 4.4, pre-treatment mean disease duration: 25.5 months). They received a median number of 26 infusions. Three relapses occurred during the follow-up, one female patient continued to deteriorate in cognitive functioning. Mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores decreased from 2.7 to 1.9 at the last visit (p < 0.001). During the follow-up the majority of patients remained free from MRI activity. Transient and mild clinical adverse events occurred in 20 patients. Mild hematological abnormalities occurred in seven patients. Anti-JCV antibodies were detected in 20/51 tested patients. Conclusions: NA was well tolerated in all patients. A strong suppression of disease activity was observed in the majority of patients during the follow-up. © The Author(s) 2012
Corrigendum to: 'An early European experience with transapical off-pump mitral valve repair with NeoChord implantation [European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery (2018) 54 (460-6) DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy064)
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, author Matteo Marro's first name was misspelled. The error has been corrected above and in the online version of the article.
Usefulness of contrast-enhanced transoesophageal echocardiography to guide thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedure
No full textAims Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is commonly considered as a valid alternative to surgery. Endoleaks occurrence is one of the principal limitations of TEVAR. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is often adopted in adjunct to fluoroscopy and angiography (ANGIO) during stent-graft implantation. In the present study, we compare intraprocedural ANGIO, TEE, and contrast-enhanced TEE (cTEE), and we also evaluate their accuracy in early endoleaks detection and characterization. Methods and results Fifty-four patients with thoracic aortic disease suitable for TEVAR were prospectively enrolled in the study. After stent placement, the result of the procedure was assessed by ANGIO, TEE, and cTEE. The use of contrast (Sonovue, Bracco) significantly improved TEE quality (P = 0.0001). cTEE was superior in entry tears, false and true lumen and aneurysm thrombosis identification, and microtears and ulcer-like projections detection before stent deployment. After stent deployment, cTEE was more accurate than TEE and ANGIO in the detection of slow flow in the false lumen and in the aneurismal sac (P = 0.0001), and in the remaining flow identification (P = 0.0001). Notably, cTEE is more accurate in the endoleaks detection (P = 0.0001) and in the incomplete stent expansion diagnosis and need for a further balloon inflation (P 0.002), or a further stent implantation (P 0.006), compared with TEE and ANGIO. Conclusion TEVAR procedures are improved by the complimentary use of contrast fluoroscopy, multiplane TEE with Doppler flow interrogation, and cTEE. This triple imaging approach provides additional information in all phases of the procedure improving safety of stent-grafting and the procedural outcomes. © 2015 The Author
From SHIW to IT-SILC: Construction and Representativeness of the New CAPP_DYN First-Year Population
No full textThis paper describes the construction of the initial population in CAPP_DYN and illustrates the degree of representativeness of the Italian population in 2006. While the previous version of the model was constructed using the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth, the current version is based on the new ISTAT Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The first part of the paper discusses the reasons that led us to this switch. It also provides full details on the operations carried out on the original dataset in order to obtain a sample that can be used as the first year population of the Dynamic Simulation Model. In the second part of the paper, the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the initial population sample are compared with information coming from other sources, such as administrative archives, national accounts and Labour Force Surveys. This exercise is crucial in assessing the capability of CAPP_DYN to represent the population's characteristics at the starting pointDynamic micro-simulation; model validation; income distribution; pensions and social security
Rubella susceptibility profile in pregnant women with HIV
No full textData on susceptibility, assessed through serological testing or personal history, were analyzed with respect to several demographic and HIV-related characteristics. Following exclusion of 93 women with rubella status reported as unknown, 1146 pregnancies with a live birth were analyzed.
Overall, between 2001 and 2009, 303 women (26.4%) were reported as susceptible. Among the 843 nonsusceptible women, 163 (19.3%) were reported as previously vaccinated, with a significant increase during the study period in the proportion of vaccinated women, from 3.4% in 2001 to 25.0% in 2009 (χ2 for trend: P < .001). During the same period, the proportion of susceptible women decreased significantly, from 26.9% in 2001 (36.2% in 2002) to 18.8% in 2009 (P = .002).
The general characteristics of susceptible and nonsusceptible women are reported in Table 1. Rubella susceptibility was not associated with any particular HIV-related or demographic characteristic, but appeared to be significantly associated with susceptibility to Toxoplasma infection (odds ratio [OR]: 3.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24–4.29, P < .001) and with susceptibility to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (OR, 6.90; 95% CI, 5.06–9.14; P < .001), with a borderline-significance association (P = .063) with a negative history of sexually transmitted infections [STI] (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, .98–2.29).
View this table:
In this windowIn a new windowTable 1.
Characteristics Of Pregnant Women With and Without Rubella Susceptibility
Overall, among 1011 children with available information on birth defects, no cases of CRS were observed. The overall birth defect rate (3.4%; 95% CI, 2.3–4.5) was similar to other studies on HIV infection [4, 5]. Only 2 women (.19%) were positive for rubella IgM antibodies during pregnancy (at 16 and 30 wk of pregnancies, respectively). In both cases, children had no birth defects or functional abnormalities.
In our cohort, which collects, based on HIV seroprevalence data [6], no less than 40% of deliveries in HIV-infected women in Italy, about 20% of HIV-infected pregnant women appear to be currently susceptible to rubella infection. This proportion is high compared with other studies on rubella seroprevalence in Italy [7] and suggests higher susceptibility rate and lower frequency of vaccination among women with HIV. It is unknown to what extent concerns about using a live attenuated vaccine in women with HIV may be responsible for the low frequency of vaccination observed. However, in our sample, only a limited proportion of women had low CD4 count or clinically relevant immunosuppression that may have prevented vaccination. The significant reduction in the rate of susceptibility during the last decade, coupled with the concurrent significant increase in the proportion of vaccinated women, is encouraging and suggests that a further decline in rubella susceptibility can be obtained in this population using appropriate vaccination strategies. Our data also suggest that susceptibility to rubella is associated to susceptibility to other infections that may be responsible for congenital syndromes or newborn infections (Toxoplasma, CMV, or sexually transmitted infection), and as such reinforce the need for an appropriate preconception counseling and care in this particular population.
Next SectionAcknowledgments
The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy
Project coordinators: M. Floridia, M. Ravizza, E. Tamburrini.
Investigators: M. Ravizza, E. Tamburrini, F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E.R. dalle Nogare, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V.S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, B. Mariani, A. Moretti, G. Natalini, G. Guaraldi, K. Luzi, G. Nardini, C. Stentarelli, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, P. Rogasi, M.P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, A. Viganò, V. Giacomet, V. Fabiano, S. Stucchi, C. Cerini, G. Placido, M. D'Alessandro, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Tropea, A. Meloni, D. Gariel, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Vicini, E. Periti, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, E. Bassi, B. Guerra, F. Cervi, E. Tridapalli, G. Brighi, M. Stella, G. Faldella, C. Puccetti, M. Sansone, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, S. Marini, G. Masuelli, I. Cetin, A. Crepaldi, M.L. Muggiasca, E. Ferrazzi, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, R. Rinaldi, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, G. Anzidei, C. Fundarò, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, C. Pinnetti, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, M. Anceschi, A.M. Casadei, F. Montella, A.F. Cavaliere, V. Finelli, C. Riva, L. Lazier, M. Cellini, S. Garetto, G. Castelli Gattinara, A.M. Marconi, S. Foina, S. Dalzero, M. Moneta, F. Di Lorenzo, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M.F. Pirillo, R. Amici, C.M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, M. Floridia.
Pharmacokinetics: M. Regazzi, P. Villani, M. Cusato.
Advisory Board: A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, M. Moroni, F. Parazzini, E. Tamburrini, S. Vella.
SIGO-HIV Group National Coordinators: P. Martinelli, M. Ravizza.
We thank all the women who participated in the study, Cosimo Polizzi and Alessandra Mattei for technical support to the project, and Maria Cristina Rota and Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo for their help in discussing the manuscript and the data.
Financial support. This work was supported by the Italian National Program on Research on AIDS (public grants 39C/A, 31D55, and 31D56); and the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA; public research grants). No funding was received for this work from any of the following organizations: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Wellcome Trust; and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI).
Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: no conflicts.
© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
Previous Section References
1.↵Duszak RS. Congenital rubella syndrome-major review. Optometry 2009;80:36-43.
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CrossRefMedlineWeb of Science3.↵Floridia M, Ravizza M, Tamburrini E, et al. Diagnosis of HIV infection in pregnancy: Data from a national cohort of pregnant women with HIV in Italy. Epidemiol Infect 2006;134:1120-7.
Medline4.↵Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Steering Committee. Antiretroviral pregnancy Registry international Interim Report for 1 January 1989 – 31 January 2010. Wilmington, NC: Registry Coordinating Center; 2010. Available at: www.APRegistry.com. Accessed 19 November 2010.
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Clin Infect Dis. (2011) 52 (7): 960-962.
doi: 10.1093/cid/cir040
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Do desamparo à dor de existir na poesia de Flobela Espanca: alguns apontamentos
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