1,720,974 research outputs found
Filling empty seats: How status and organizational hierarchies affect exploration versus exploitation in team design
No full textInformal and formal mechanisms affect choices between exploitation and exploration in team design. We argue that the status differentiation of team members and differences in organizational structure limit exploration in the form of introducing newcomers to teams and creating new combinations of team members. High- and low-status team members and one- and three-layer organizational structures were expected to be positively related to exploration, and middle-status team members and two-layer structures were expected to be negatively related to it. We used data on 6,446 motion pictures produced by the Hollywood film industry in the period 1929-58 to test our hypotheses. © Academy of Management Journal
L’internazionalizzazione della produzione
No full textIn questo capitolo si analizzano le dinamiche di internazionalizzazione della funzione di produzione
L’internazionalizzazione delle imprese: prospettive teoriche
No full textIn questo capitolo si affronatno in rassegna le principali teorie sull'internazionalizzazione delle imprese
La presenza delle imprese italiane in Cina: modalità di presenza e scelte di localizzazione
No full textLa presenza delle imprese italiane in Cin
Assessing an acoustic bioindicator of leisure boating disturbance on bottlenose dolphins
No full textGrowing concerns about the impact of leisure boating on marine ecosystems are particularly relevant for marine mammal species, given their dependence on sound and significant spatial overlap with human activities. Monitoring the effects of leisure boating disturbances on marine ecosystems presents considerable challenges, as it is resource-intensive and may require many years of data collection. However, since species can alter their behavior and daily routines in response to human disturbances, behaviors essential for individual fitness, reproduction, and parental care success-such as acoustic behavior-could serve as bioindicators for assessing the impact of leisure boating. Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) emit acoustic signals, known as signature whistles (SWs), for individual identification, communication, and social bonding. This study aimed to examine how leisure boating influences SW characteristics (e.g., fundamental frequencies, frequency modulation, and duration) and whether these effects remain consistent across different social contexts (e.g., presence of calves), environmental conditions (e.g., seabed habitat type), and behavioral states in a population of bottlenose dolphins inhabiting the northwestern coast of Sardinia (Mediterranean Sea, Italy). The results demonstrate that certain SW characteristics were consistently affected by the presence of boats, regardless of ecological, behavioral, and social differences. These findings suggest that SWs have the potential to serve as reliable bioindicators for boating disturbances. Further research in diverse marine environments and with other dolphin populations is needed to validate and expand upon these findings
Integrating ecologies: Population dynamics and interorganizational networks in the U.S. motion picture industry, 1912-1970
No full textThis paper studies the role of organizational networks in shaping the evolutionary dynamics of organizational populations. Building on social networks theory, we examine the influence of interorganizational networks on organizational exit rates by looking at the structural properties of the relational space in which organizations are located and the nature of their interaction over time. In particular, we look at the influence of two network mechanisms: the degree of fragmentation (or connectivity) of the larger organizational network field and the intensity of interaction (i.e., repeated ties) with the same partners. We situate our analysis in the Hollywood motion picture industry and trace the vital rates of movie production companies over the period 1912-1970. We found network fragmentation to reinforce density dependent processes, but tie repetition to moderate them. The results suggest the viability of a social network approach to the study of population ecology dynamics
Behavioral response of brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) to boat noise
No full textUnderwater man-made noise is recognized as a major global pollutant in the 21st Century, and its reduction has been included in national and international regulations. Despite the fact that many studies have pointed out the ecological impact of noise on marine organisms, few studies have investigated - in a field context - the behavioral response to boat noise in fish. In the present study we measure how Sciaena umbra reacts to boat noise. We found that boat noise: i) increased duration of flight reactions and number of individuals performing them, ii) increased the frequency of hiding behaviors, and iii) did not elicit a change in fish activity level and sound emission. Flights and hiding behavior, usually related to predation risk, were not uniform between individuals and showed a quick recovery after noise exposure. On the basis of these results, potential metabolic, physiological and behavioral consequences are discussed and management recommendations are proposed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
International strategies and networks: A dynamic theory of Italian clusters.
No full textThe purpose of this paper is the study the decline of industrial clusters. The most important contributions in the literature on plasters and districts provide an explanation for cluster performance and, more broadly, a rationale for their success. Other contributions focus their attention on the origin of clusters and how they can evolve. Our perspective is symmetric and aimed at understanding the mechanisms that lead to cluster decline and death. The focus of our attention is on the effects of internationalization strategies of companies upon the industrial cluster they belong to. We define this process of slow death of clusters as declusterization, a term that refers to the slow emptying of the cluster that involves, at different stages, the various actors within the cluster. The research question we address in this context is “why do cluster die/declusterize?”
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