1,720,998 research outputs found
The dynamics of innovation and employment: an international comparison
No full textIn this article the effects of technological and structural change on employment are investigated for the manufacturing sectors of the six largest OECD economies. The statistical analysis shows that technological and structural changes are able to explain to a large extent the employment patterns in the manufacturing sectors for the aggregate of the six largest advanced economies and for most national cases. In Italy, on the other hand, employment growth proves to be unrelated to increases in production, investment and patentin
Reverse causality in the R&D – patents relationship: an interpretation of the innovation persistence
No full textStarting from the failure of the R&D–patents traditional relationship, when time-series
and/or within-industry dimensions are included in the empirical analysis, the present
work tries to contribute to the empirical literature from two directions. First, it performs
a Granger causality test based on the theoretical presumption of a reverse patents→R&D
link as an explanation for the failure of the traditional relationship. Second, assuming
the reverse patents–R&D causality, we test and interpret the lag structure of such a
relationship which shows the effective patent life that firms can expect within the two
Schumpeterian patterns of innovations they belong to. In the light of the effective patent
life,we offer a further explanation of innovation persistence which overturns the findings
of the existing literature on persistence
Tecnologia, struttura industriale e occupazione: un confronto tra paesi industrializzati
No full textThis contribution analyses the relationship between technological change, the sectoral specialization of industrialized countries and employment. These relationships are analyzed both on a conceptual and empirical level, using industry level economic and technological indicators for USA, Japan, Germany, France, UK and Italy
Effect of mepindolol on serum lipids
No full textIn view of the postulated association between plasma lipids and the development of atherosclerosis, there is growing interest in the effects of beta blockers on plasma lipids. This study was undertaken to investigate whether a nonselective beta blocker, such as mepindolol, which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, causes significant changes in serum lipids, particularly in their ditribution among the different lipoproteins. Eighteen healthy subjects, twelve males and six females, were given mepindolol orally, daily doses of 0.2 mg/kg averaging 10-15 mg. Pre- and post-treatment fasting total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaulated; the ratio LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol was also calculated. Total cholesterol did not change significantly after treatment with mepindolol (- 1.9 mg%), whereas a small and nonsignificant decrease was observed in LDL cholesterol (- 6 mg%); no change was found in HDL cholesterol (- 0. mg%). Serum triglycerides showed a significant increase (+ 20.9 mg%, p less than 0.01). Thus, the most prominent effect of even a short period of treatment with mepindolol is a net increase in serum triglyceride levels. It must be remembered that high triglyceride levels do not constitute a cardiovascular risk factor. On the other hand, no significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and in LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio were observed. The results of this study show that mepindolol, unlike other beta-blocking agents, does not affect cholesterol concentration and distribution among the lipoproteins. In particular it does not reduce HDL cholesterol, which is currently assumed to be inversely related to the development of atherosclerosi
L'innovazione nelle imprese italiane: un'analisi dei risultati dell'indagine Istat
No full textThe analysis of the results of the recent Italian Innovation Survey (Cnr-Istat) are presented in this paper. Fresh evidence is provided on the characteristics of firms' innovation activities, on innovation patterns across industries and firm size classes, and on the overall technological profile of Italian manufacturing industr
Foreign vs. domestic multinationals in R&D linkage strategies
No full textThis paper examines how foreign multinationals (FMN) and domestic multinationals (DMN) differ in R&D outsourcing and cooperation. We argue that the propensity of DMN and FMN to create such R&D linkages reflects their specific balance between advantages and challenges of multinationality. On the one hand, both FMN and DMN rely on a combination of home-base advantages and learning capacities, which positively affect their R&D linkages with national and international counterparts. On the other hand, the costs and risks associated with unfamiliar contexts reduce the propensity of FMN to create R&D linkages with local counterparts; while they will not penalise DMN, which do not suffer any liability of foreignness when dealing with local counterparts in their country of origin. This interpretive framework is tested using data on R&D investors active in Italy over 2003–2010, controlling for firms’ internal R&D efforts, internationalisation, age and regional distribution of R&D
Effects of systemic treatment with statins on skin barrier function and stratum corneum water-holding capacity
No full textBackground:Topical application of inhibitors of HMGCoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, has been shown to induce impairment of barrier function. Objective:Assessing whether oral administration of statins used for reducing blood levels of cholesterol induces functional changes in stratum corneum barrier. Materials and Methods:69 subjects of both sexes undergoing treatment for hypercholesterolemia (mean age 48 ± 11 years) entered the study; 43 had been treated with simvastatin and 11 with pravastatin for 6 months; 15 only on dietary regimen served as controls. Efficiency of stratum corneum water barrier was evaluated by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement using an evaporimeter; water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum was assessed by the sorption-desorption test measured by capacitance. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results:No differences were found between the groups (simvastatin, pravastatin, diet) concerning both basal TEWL and the dynamic of water binding in the stratum corneum. Conclusions:Prolonged treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs based on inhibition of HMGCoA reductase does not alter the permeability barrier of the skin. © 1996 S. Karger AG, Basel
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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