102,051 research outputs found
Temperature change within gutta-percha induced by the System-B Heat Source
No full textAim: This study evaluated the temperature change within gutta-percha during the vertical compaction technique performed with a System-B Heat Source. Methodology: Extracted human teeth were prepared, and divided in two equal groups depending on the apex diameter (group 1: 0.20-0.25 mm and group 2: 0.30-0.35 mm). Teeth were root treated with a combination of step-back and coronal flaring instrumentation using Gates Glidden burs and hand stainless steel K- and H-files. Two thermocouples were connected to the outer surface of the root the first one was placed 2 mm apically from cement-enamel junction (CEJ) (point C); and the second one 1.5 mm from the apex (point A). The instrumented canals were filled with size F gutta-percha cones. All teeth were then immersed in a thermostatic bath at a constant temperature of 37°C and warm vertical compaction was performed using a System-B Heat Source. ΔT values were recorded by means of a digital thermometer connected to the thermocouples. Results: Increments of temperature (ΔT) recorded In point A revealed a mean value of 0.5 ± 0.5°C for group 1 and 0.9 ± 1.1°C for group 2; ΔT values recorded at point C gave a mean value of 4.1 ± 1.7°C for group 1 and 3.9 ± 1.81°C in group 2. No statistical difference was found between the groups, whilst a difference was present between the measurements at points A and C (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The use of the System-B Heat Source on root canals maintained at a constant body temperature by a thermostatic bath revealed that the increase of temperature of the gutta-percha at the apical third of the canal was negligible and that the compaction of the mass of the gutta-percha close to the apex was performed at body temperature. Minor changes in temperature of the outer surface of the root canals occurred, suggesting no danger for the periradicular tissues
Antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions: A community-based study in southern Italy
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate for which conditions antibiotics are being used in community dental practice, and which clinical features represent the most common reason for an antibacterial approach to the treatment of dental conditions. The study was carried out from November 1998 to June 1999. Dentists were selected according to the different areas of southern Italy, from a list provided by the Italian Society of Dentists. Out of 87 selected dentists, 33 agreed to participate and filled in 1615 questionnaires for each therapeutic intervention ending with antibiotic treatment. Analysis of data indicated that alveolar-gingival abscesses were the most commonly treated infection, accounting for 23.6% of total treatments, followed by acute periodontitis (20.6%) and disodontiasis of the 3rd molar (18.5%). Parenteral antibiotics were chosen in 7.8% of cases. Penicillins were the most commonly used group, 40.1% of total treatments, followed by macrolides (30.2%) and cephalosporins (13.4%). Moreover, penicillins were widely used for post-surgery therapy (52.1%) and disodontiasis of the 3rd molar (50.8%), while macrolides were the most commonly used group for gingivitis (44.1%) and parodontal diseases (55.0%). The choice of parenteral antibiotics was related to severe general symptoms (odds ratios [OR], 4.4; 95% CI: 2.2-9.0), pain (OR, 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-6.1) and lymphonodal involvement (OR, 6.4; 95% CI: 2.7-15.1). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that antibiotic treatment is often based on the eradication of as many microorganisms as possible, and on the clinical assessment of the patients, rather than on any knowledge of the pathogens involved
Clinical and Histologic Analysis of CalciumSulfate in Treatment of a Post-ExtractionDefect: A Case Report
No full textAbstarct: We report a case of a postextraction
maxillary buccal dehiscence
grafted with calcium sulfate to insert
a dental implant. The clinical results
were supported by histologic analysis
of two specimens collected in the
healed socket to better understand
the biologic effects of calcium sulfate.
A 42-year-old white female presented
with an almost totally edentulous
maxillary right arch with a
wide postextraction defect in the canine
region. Calcium sulfate mixed
with sterile saline solution to a
putty-like consistency was packed
into the defect, and four dental implants
were placed in the edentulous
ridge. On re-entry, a dental implant
and small amounts of calcium sulfate
were placed in the grafted site.
After 5 months, a specimen of the
region implanted with calcium sulfate
was retrieved for histologic
evaluation. On surgical re-entry, a
complete filling of the defect with
mature, dense, newly formed bone
occurred. Complete resorption of
the grafted material and its substitution
with newly formed bone tissue
were confirmed by histologic analysis.
All of the implants appeared to
be osseointegrated successfully, and
the patient was provided with a fixed
implant-supported prosthesis. Calcium
sulfate represents an aid in
bone regeneration procedures. (Implant
Dent 2005;14:82– 87)
Key Words: bone regeneration, calcium
sulfate, histology, dental implants,
guided bone regeneration
Management of Surgical Third Lower Molar Extraction and Postoperative Progress in Patients With Factor VII Deficiency: A Clinical Protocol and Focus on This Rare Pathologic Entity
No full textPurpose The purpose of the present study was to analyze the management of surgical third molar extraction and postoperative progress in patients with a diagnosis of factor VII deficiency. Close collaboration between the oral-maxillofacial surgeon and hematologist will allow the team to categorize the risk and operate safely, thereby minimizing the incidence and severity of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods The present retrospective study included 7 patients with factor VII deficiency who had undergone third lower molar surgery. Their factor VII deficiency ranged from 10.5 to 21.0%. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) (coagulation factor VIIa [recombinant]; NovoSeven RT; Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) was transfused intravenously in a single dose of 25 μg/kg body weight, 30 minutes before surgical extractions. After the surgery, betamethasone, an analgesic, and an ice pack were administered. Results Pretreatment with recombinant activated factor VII resulted in excellent hemostasis. No hemorrhagic complications and no postoperative major bleeding were observed. Conclusions The extraction of the third lower molar appears to be a safe procedure for patients with factor VII deficiency when appropriate prophylaxis with rFVIIa is used
LED Curing Lights and Temperature Changes in Different Tooth Sites
No full textObjectives. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess thermal changes on tooth tissues during light exposure using two different LED curing units. The hypothesis was that no temperature increase could be detected within the dental pulp during polymerization irrespective of the use of a composite resin or a light-curing unit. Methods. Caries-free human first molars were selected, pulp residues were removed after root resection, and four calibrated type-J thermocouples were positioned. Two LED lamps were tested; temperature measurements were made on intact teeth and on the same tooth during curing of composite restorations. The data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson's χ (2). After ANOVA, the Bonferroni multiple comparison test was performed. Results. Polymerization data analysis showed that in the pulp chamber temperature increase was higher than that without resin. Starlight PRO, in the same condition of Valo lamp, showed a lower temperature increase in pre- and intrapolymerization. A control group (without composite resin) was evaluated. Significance. Temperature increase during resin curing is a function of the rate of polymerization, due to the exothermic polymerization reaction, the energy from the light unit, and time of exposure
Herpesviruses and periodontal disease: a cautionary tale
No full textPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin, characterized by an inconstant progression of lesions affecting the tooth supporting tissues. In spite of more than half a century of research efforts, the clinician still lacks any specific molecular or microbial diagnostic tool to predict the progression of periodontal lesions. Recently, several reports have proposed a role for some herpesviruses in the etiology of destructive phases of periodontitis. This paper critically analyzes these data in the light of consolidated knowledge that was developed in the characterization of virus-bacteria cooperative interactions, and proposes new topics of investigation to clarify the role of herpesviral infections in periodontitis and their potential predictive role as markers of progression
Orthodontic Fixed Appliance and Periodontal Status: An Updated Systematic Review
No full textBackground:
Periodontal implications of orthodontic therapy are frequent, gingival and periodontal conditions need to be evaluated for every appointment. Several studies have analyzed the effects of fixed appliance on periodontal health.
Objective:
To evaluate whether there is updated scientific evidence on the relationship between fixed orthodontic therapy and periodontal health.
Methods:
A literature search was performed using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases and manual search; the search was carried out using the keywords “orthodontic” and “periodontal”. Articles published only in the English language from January 1997 to April 2017 were included. The inclusion criteria were: RCTs, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies only in English language; only studies on humans, with a minimum sample size of 20 patients and no restriction in terms of patient ages; orthodontic fixed appliances placed into the buccal tooth surface; standardization and training in oral hygiene; Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), at least at baseline (before appliance was placed) and after follow up (with a minimum period of 3 months). The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of baseline data before fixed appliances was placed; patients with systemic diseases, periodontal disease or craniofacial anomalies; removable appliances or orthodontic appliance on the lingual dental surface; and no standardization or training in oral hygiene.
Studies were selected by abstract and title; then, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were evaluated and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality.
Results:
Fifty-five records were reviewed on the basis of title and abstract. After full-text reading, 47 full texts were excluded, and 3 articles were classified as having low methodological quality and 5 as having moderate methodological quality.
Conclusions:
The present systematic analysis suggests that there is moderate scientific evidence that a fixed appliance influences periodontal status; no article reported a high score
Antibacterial activity and post-antibiotic effect of flurithromycin compared with other macrolides and penicillins against periodontal pathogens
No full textIn this study the authors examined the activity of flurithromycin compared to that of erythromycin, spiramycin and penicillin against 107 strains of various species supposed to cause periodontitis. The range of MICs of flurithromycin was: ≤0.06-2 mg/l for P. gingivalis (28 isolates), 0.06-2 mg/l for P. melaninogenica (7), 0.5-4 mg/l for P. intermedia (5), 0.25-8 mg/l for Prevotella sp. (8), 1-16 mg/l for F. nucleatum (14), 0.12-0.5 mg/l for W. recta (2), 0.5-32 mg/l for E. corrodens, 0.5-2 mg/l for B. forsythus (2); ≤0.06-64 mg/l for Peptostreptococcus sp. (11), ≤0.06-1 mg/l for A. odontolyticus (11) and for A. naeslundii (7) and ≤0.06-16 mg/l for A. viscosus (7). Macrolide activity was ranked in decreasing order from flurithromycin to erythromycin to spiramycin. Beta-lactamase production was demonstrated in Prevotella sp. (20%) and in F. nucleatum (7%). Isolates which were β-lactamase negative but resistant to penicillin were found among Peptostreptococcus sp. and Actinomyces sp. A post-antibiotic effect of 2 hours was seen for flurithromycin on P. gingivalis and E. corrodens. The good in vitro activity of flurithromycin against bacteria supposed to cause periodontitis suggests clinical potential in the treatment of these diseases
The effects of host derived metalloproteinases on dentin bond and the role of MMPs inhibitors on dentin Matrix degradation
No full textThe work has the objective to analyze the literature on the degradation of the adhesive interface. In particular the study is focused on the role of the metalloproteinase in the hydrolytic degradation of collagen Matrix in the bonded interface. The survey will concern also the latest innovations to improve and increase the link between dentin and the restorative materials through the MMPs inhibitors. The research has been carried out in the MEDLINE database by choosing keywords as "metalloproteinases" and "dentin bond" and "degradation". In vitro studies were included in the research, excluding studies with no human and deciduous teeth. Language was limited to English. The collagenolytic enzymes in mineralized dentin have been demonstrated to have an important role in dental hard tissue pathologies, including the degradation of the hybrid layer. The preservation of the collagen Matrix integrity is a key issue in the attempts to improve the dentin bonding durability
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in orthodontics: Review of the factors that influence the clinical success rate of the mini-implants
No full textThe mini-implant, temporary anchorage devices (TADS), are now a common method of treatment in Orthodontics with versatility, minimal invasiveness and the relationship between costs and benefits that they offer even today. Skeletal anchorage has, to a large degree, replaced conventional anchorage in situations where anchorage is considered either critical, insufficient, or likely to result in undesirable side effects such as vertical displacements generated by inter-maxillary force systems. Objective. The objective of this study is to carry out a review about the factors that seem affect the success or failure rate of orthodontic mini-implants. A computerized literature review was performed by searching the MEDLINE database (Entrez PubMed, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Isi Web of Knowledge until March 2016 . The main subject heading "orthodontics" was combined with these keywords mini-implant, mini-screw, micro-implants, mini-implant success rate, mini-implant failure rate, skeletal anchorage, temporary anchorage device (TADS). In the selection process, abstracts were initially read independently by two researchers to identify potentially eligible full text papers which were then retrieved and assessed in order to decide on the final inclusion. Conclusions. The clinical success of orthodontic anchorage by mini-implants depends on the stability of the miniscrews used for fixation. For good stability, the application site must provide bone of good quantity and quality. We can reasonably assume that the stability of the anchorage of the mini-implants could be optimized by selecting a position with particular characteristics of quality and quantity of bone, in relation to cortical and total mandibular and jaw bone thickness. These expected informations are important because they indicates that the bone quality and quantity are significant when considering an implant placement site, but also that there are other confounding factors influencing the success rate
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