1,721,041 research outputs found
Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations
No full textThe attached modeling results underpin the study "Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations".
The study provides insights into energy supply and demand, power generation, investments and total system costs, SD7 indicators, job creation as well as carbon dioxide emissions for each African nation (48 in total).
An energy systems model enhanced with geospatial data was developed to evaluate energy supply requirements to cover the energy needs of the African continent during the period 2015-2030 and achieve universal access by 2030. The model was developed using the open-source modeling system for long-term energy planning OSeMOSYS and the geospatial electrification outlook (GEP). The objective function is to minimise the total energy system costs.
The TEMBA model produces aggregate energy, and detailed power system results in each country in the African continent. The power sector results are also reported with power pool aggregation.
The OSeMOSYS model and input data used to produce these results can be found at JoPapp/jrc_temba: v1.0.2 [Data set]. Zenodo.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468278 (Authors: Ioannis Pappis. (2021)).Cite as: Pappis, Ioannis (2021). Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations. (v.1.2.) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.646826
Energy system development pathways for Ethiopia: Policy Brief
No full textThe first policy brief from the Energy system development pathways for Ethiopia (PATHWAYS) Project
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations
No full textStrategic energy planning to achieve universal electricity access and meet the future energy needs of African nations is essential to formulate effective policy measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Africa can not afford a cost-prohibiting green energy transition to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7. In this study, I employ open-access energy models, enhanced with geospatial data, to identify least-cost power generation investment options for forty-eight African nations. Different levels of electricity consumption per capita and costs of renewables are considered across four scenarios. According to the analysis, to achieve universal electricity access by 2030 in Africa, the power generation capacity needs to increase between 211GW-302GW, depending on electricity consumption levels and the cost of renewables considered, leading electricity generation to rise between 6,221PJ- 7,527PJ by 2030. Higher electricity generation levels lead to higher penetration of fossil fuel technologies in the power mix of Africa. Natural gas will be the dominant fossil fuel source by 2030, while the decreasing costs of renewables will lead solar to overtake hydropower. To meet the same electricity demand levels, decreasing the cost of renewables can enable a less carbon-intensive power system, although higher capacity is also needed. However, Africa is still hard to achieve its green revolution. Depending on electricity consumption levels and costs of renewables considered, grid-connected technologies are estimated to supply 85%-90% of total electricity generated in Africa in 2030, mini-grid technologies 1%-6%, and stand-alone technologies 8%-11%. Off-grid solar and hybrid mini-grid solar technologies are essential in electrifying residential areas. Higher penetration of renewable energy sources in the energy mix creates local jobs and increases cost-efficiency. The analysis demonstrates that 6.9 million to 9.6 million direct jobs, depending on the policies and renewable development levels, can be created in Africa by expanding the power sector from 2020 to 2030 across the supply chain. While increasing electricity consumption levels in Africa leads to higher total system costs, it is also estimated to create more jobs, fostering political and societal stability. Finally, the decreasing costs of renewables could further increase the penetration of renewables in the energy mix, leading to an even higher number of jobs.</p
Trade-offs and conflicting objectives of decision-making investments in low-carbon technology portfolios for sustainable development : National and continental insights offered by applying energy system models
No full textEnergy infrastructure and appropriate energy policies are crucial for sustainable development and to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Limiting global warming potential below 1.5oC would require “rapid and far-reaching” transitions and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society. Several factors influence investment decisions on energy conversion technologies and their specific locations. The choice, timing, and location of energy investments affect the total system cost, socio-economic development, the environment (e.g., emissions, water use), and a nation's energy security. However, existing national energy modelling initiatives only investigate a subset of these pillars for achieving sustainability. This thesis examines the challenges associated with the energy transition of low-and middle-income countries (Paraguay, Ethiopia, Africa). This work considers national and global policies, focusing on achieving SDG7 and SDG13. The dissertation includes a cover essay and four appended papers. The research conducted in this Thesis examines how energy-systems models can assist in understanding an energy system's complex interactions for sustainable development. Specifically, the results highlight hydropower and solar PV as key technologies to achieve climate change targets, energy security and energy access goals. Hydropower and other renewable electricity can be exported to bolster energy security for the exporting country, although export revenues are eroded by local demand growth and low export prices. The benefits of low-cost electricity provided by cross-border hydropower should be balanced against energy security concerns for the importing country. The research demonstrates the benefits of regional coordination, with trade enabling renewable resources to be harnessed and the electricity transmitted to demand centres. Although RET decreases carbon dioxide emissions and water use compared to fossil-fuel plants and creates more jobs, they require high up-front capital costs offset by the lower operating fuel costs in the long term. Thus, increasing the ambition of climate targets while achieving electricity access results in lower cumulative costs. Also, although hydropower and renewable technologies build climate resilience, hydropower operation depends on climate variability affecting energy security. Thus, mitigation strategies should consider the associated challenges of climate change in hydropower investments. Hydropower and renewables are primarily grid-connected technologies, so off-grid and mini-grid systems are key complements to national-grid expansion when pushing for universal energy access. They also impact energy security, total system costs and socio-economic development. This Thesis's outcomes can support governments in strategic energy planning to identify future renewable energy projects and ensure their financial viability. Energy systems in their transition need to be affordable, reliable and sustainable (e.g., energy secured, combat climate change) by being climate-resilient. The thesis findings demonstrate that nations need integrated energy planning, accounting for the geospatial characteristics of energy technologies, and water resources management to achieve SDG7 and build climate-resilient (SDG13). A broad portfolio of renewable technologies, interconnectors and a decentralized power generation system providing electricity closer to the end-user demand is needed to enhance energy security, decrease environmental pressures and provide affordable electricity for a nation.Energiinfrastruktur och lämplig energipolitik är avgörande för att uppnå de globala målen för hållbar utveckling (SDG). Att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen till 1,5 ᵒC kräver "snabba och långtgående" övergångar och förändringar utan motstycke i alla aspekter av samhället. Flera faktorer påverkar investeringsbeslut och val av plats för olika energiomvandlingsteknologier. Energiinvesteringar, deras tidpunkt och plats påverkar den totala systemkostnaden, socioekonomisk utveckling, miljön (t.ex. utsläpp, vattenanvändning) och en nations energisäkerhet. Befintliga nationella initiativ för energimodellering undersöker dock bara en delmängd av dessa aspekter.Denna avhandling undersöker utmaningarna i samband med energiomställningen i låg- och medelinkomstländer (mer specifikt Paraguay, Etiopien och övriga länder i Afrika). Detta arbete tar hänsyn till nationell och global policy, med fokus på att uppnå SDG7 och SDG13. Avhandlingen innehåller en omslagsuppsats och fyra bifogade artiklar. Forskningen i denna avhandling undersöker hur energisystemmodeller kan hjälpa till för att öka förståelsen av ett energisystems komplexa interaktioner för hållbar utveckling. Specifikt lyfter resultaten fram vattenkraft och solenergi som nyckelteknologier för att uppnå målen gällande klimatförändringar, energisäkerhet och energitillgång. Vattenkraft och annan förnybar el kan exporteras för att stärka energitryggheten för exportlandet, även i fallen då exportintäkterna urholkas av lokal efterfrågetillväxt och låga exportpriser. Fördelarna med lågprisel från gränsöverskridande ledningar bör vägas mot energisäkerhetsproblem för importlandet. Forskningen visar fördelarna med regional samordning, handel som möjliggör att förnybara resurser kan utnyttjas och elen överföras till områden med hög efterfrågan av energi. Även om förnybar teknologi kräver höga initiala investeringar, minskar de koldioxidutsläppen och vattenanvändningen jämfört med fossilbränsleanläggningar, samt skapar fler jobbtillfällen och har lägre bränslekostnader. Att höja ambitionen med klimatmål samtidigt som man uppnår eltillgång resulterar således i lägre kumulativa kostnader. Även om vattenkraft och annan förnybar teknik bygger klimattålighet, påverkas vattenkraftdriften på klimatförändringar som påverkar energisäkerheten. Därför bör klimatåtaganden ta vattenkraften i beaktande. Vattenkraft och förnybar energi är i första hand nätanslutna tekniker, därmed är lokala elnät viktiga komplement till nationell nätexpansion när man strävar mot universell tillgång till energi. De påverkar också energisäkerhet, totala systemkostnader och socioekonomisk utveckling. Resultaten av denna avhandling kan stödja regeringar i strategisk energiplanering för att identifiera framtida projekt för förnybar energi och säkerställa deras ekonomiska bärkraft. Energisystem i sin övergång måste vara ekonomiskt överkomliga, tillförlitliga och moderna (t.ex. energisäkrade, bekämpa klimatförändringar) genom att vara klimattåliga. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att nationer behöver integrerad energiplanering med hänsyn till olika teknologiers geospatiala egenskaper och vattenanvändning för att uppnå SDG7 och bygga klimattåligt (SDG13). En bred portfölj av förnybar teknik, och ett decentraliserat kraftgenereringssystem som tillhandahåller elektricitet närmare slutanvändarna behövs för att öka energisäkerheten, minska miljötrycket och tillhandahålla elektricitet till överkomligt pris
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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