114,672 research outputs found
PAni-coated LiFePO4 Synthesized by a Low Temperature Solvothermal Method
No full textThe composite LiFePO4/polyaniline was prepared by chemical synthesis to promote the intensification of the electrochemical properties for use as cathodes in lithium ion batteries. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of LiFePO4 synthesized by solvothermal method were indexed to the orthorhombic structure, according to the JCPDS 40-1499. The spectra Raman and FTIR showed a high degree of ordering of LiFePO4 with interaction between LiFePO4 surface with structure conjugate of conducting polymers. The cyclic voltammogram of the composite synthesized chemically showed a significant reduction in the value of ΔE p (ΔE p = 0.20 V) when compared to LiFePO4 (ΔE p = 0.41 V), with lower charge transfer resistance values, indicating favoring electron transfer rate in the composite. Thus, the alternative synthesis route of the LiFePO4 / PAni composite was easy to handle and allowed an increase in the electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4, compared to the traditional methods that require additional thermal treatments.</div
Saph Pani deliverables
No full textSummary
Saph Pani was an India-EU collaborative project with a duration of three years. The project aimed to improve natural water treatment systems such as bank filtration (BF), managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and natural treatment systems (NTS) for wastewater treatment (e.g. constructed wetlands) in India by building on a combination of local and international expertise. An enhancement of water resources and water supply, particularly in water stressed urban and peri-urban areas was targeted. The means to reach this impact was to strengthen the scientific understanding of the performance-determining
processes occurring in the root, soil and aquifer zones of the relevant regions and consider the removal and fate of important water quality parameters such as pathogenic microorganisms and respective indicators, organic substances, nutrients and metals. The consortium studied the three technologies on a total of nine sites in different parts of the Indian sub-continent.
A good understanding of bank filtration performance as a function of operation and design was established. The applicability of technology was extended through an assessment of flood risks and development of flood-proof designs and other measures. A survey of other existing sites broadened the experience base and allowed identification of potential new BF sites and the characteristics of such sites. Special attention was given to the polluted waters (nitrogen species) in Delhi and the adjoining aquifers, representative of the conditions in the Gangetic plain. The specific cost of production was determined to be less
than 0.1 €/m3, a factor three lower than surface water abstraction followed by conventional treatment.
Based on field results and modeling, MAR performance was reliably quantified, in particular for a percolation pond in a hard rock setting and a check dam in alluvial setting. Up to now limited data on MAR influence on quality was available and the project gave new insights, for example with regards to geogenic fluoride contamination, pathogen dieoff, organic pollutant elimination and dilution effects.
A catchment with a natural peri-urban wetland was comprehensively described (hydrology, water quality) and modeled which gave new insights in the cleaning capacity and options for improvement of the situation of the local farmers. On the national scale a complete inventory of Indian public NTS for wastewater treatment was performed. 41structures representing five different technologies (horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands, duckweed ponds, waste stabilization ponds, polishing ponds and Karnal-type constructed wetlands) were analysed on-site. Also pilot constructed wetlands trials were performed and the knowledge gained will facilitate planning and designing of NTS structures for wastewater treatment including post-treatment to enhance potential for recycling and reuse.
Current pre- and post-treatments for NTS in India and the critical water quality parameters of concern were determined. The partner knowledge base together with lab and field studies allowed us to derive recommendations for pre- and post-treatment options for different uses. Also, a matrix to select appropriate treatment was prepared based on data on cost and elimination capacity. It can be used by designers and planners for preliminary selection of NTSs and associated pre- and post-treatment systems. Human health risks, economical and institutional viability and social risk acceptance were assessed on selected project sites and recommendations and sustainable business models resulted. One example is NTS for wastewater treatment managed by local communities providing both irrigation water and fodder for cattle and thus allowing an increased income.
The project resulted in around 30 articles in scientific journals and the Saph Pani Handbook presenting an overview of the most important findings and striking success stories of the project. Results were disseminated through a project website, newsletters, leaflets for the general public, 4 targeted courses, practitioner meetings and over 40 events, culminating with the Saph Pani final conference with attendance of the Indian Minister of Water Resources, over 100 invited scientists, senior level policy and decisionmakers and presentations also from other current EU-India projects on NTS.
Acknowledgements
The deliverables are based on collaborative Indo-European research activities in the project Saph Pani on Enhancement of natural water systems and treatment methods for safe and sustainable water supply in India. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 282911 (www.saphpani.eu). The Saph Pani project started in October 2011 and ran till September 2014. All project partners and advisory board members are acknowledged for their dedication to the project and the inputs received for this publication. The project officers at the European Commission DG Research and Innovation, Unit I.2 Eco-Innovation, are acknowledged for project guidance.
Partners of the Saph Pani project:
FACHHOCHSCHULE NORDWESTSCHWEIZ FHNW Switzerland, Thomas Wintgens, Anders Nättorp, Julia Plattner, Liang Yu, Linda Stamm, Jeremias Brand
UTTARAKHAND JAL SANSTHAN UJS India, P. C. Kimothi, S. K. Sharma, Ramesh Chandra, R. K. Rauhela, Manish Semwal, P. K. Saini, Pooran Singh Patwal
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY NIH India, R. D. Singh; N. C. Gosh, V. C. Goyal, C. K. Jain, Sudheer Kumar, A. K. Lohani, Surjeet Singh, Anupama Sharma, Sumant Kumar, Shashi Indwar, Biswajit Chakravorty, Y. R. S. Rao, B. Venkatesh, T. Thomas, B. K. Puarendra, Sanjay Mittal, Rakesh Goyal, Biswajiit Das, Saroj Khatania
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE IITR India, Pradeep Kumar, Indu Mehrotra, Ankush Gupta, Medalson Ronghang, Soma Kumari, Himashu Singh, Fuzail Ahmed, Laxmi Das, Anand Bharti
VEOLIA WATER (INDIA) PVT LTD VEOLIA India, S. V. K. Babu, Priyanka Bhat, Vikas Gupta, Anuj Goel, Brune Poirson, Mélanie Grignon, Bodhisattwa Dasgupta, Naresh Kumar, Ashok Parashar, Bharat Bhushan Chadha
ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI ANNA India, Elango Lakshmanan, Parimala Renganayaki, K. Brinda, Rajesh Rajendran, Rajaveni Sundarapandian, M. C. Raicy, Jagadesan Gunalan, Indu S. Nair, G. Gowrisankar
SPT CONSULTANCY SERVICES PARTNERSHIP SPT India, Thirunavukkarasu Munuswamy, Shenbaganandam Ganapathy, Saravanan Janakiraman, Arulprakasm Subramanian, Balaji Karuppaiah, Parimala Renganayaki Sundaram, Balasubramanian Krishnan
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF RAIPUR RMC India, A. K. Malwe
ARUN GULATI AJD India, Arun Gulati, Manish Gupta, Siddarth Kimothi
COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH NGRI India, Shakeel Ahmed, Ramaswamy Rangarajan, Vilasrao Somvanshi, Subash Chandra, Nepal Mondal, Tanvi Arora, Sahebrao Sonkamble, Sarah Sarah, Farooq A. Dar, Naziya Jamal, Deepa Negi Kapardar, P. Raghavendra, Tarun K. Gaur, Rekha Kumari, Rakesh K. Tiwari, Adeyuppu Pratyusha, Satyajit Raut, Akoju Ramadevi, Vikram Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Napasani Veerababu, Taufique Warsi, Md. Wajihuddin, Satya Chari
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY IITB India, Shyam R. Asolekar, Dinesh Kumar, Anana Hiremath, Pradip Kalbar, Richa Singh, Rahul Sutar, Shruti Ranjan, Sachin Pandey, Ankit Srivastava, Ashish Kumar, Deepak Vishawakarma, Lohit Reddy, Sanjeev Yendamui
DHI - (INDIA) WATER & ENVIRONMENT PVT LTD DHI India, Bertram Moninkoff, Mohamed Fahimuddin
KOMPENTENTZZENTRUM WASSER BERLIN GEMEINNUTZIGE GMBH KWB Germany, Bodo Weigert, Christoph Sprenger, David Stevens, Gesche Grützmacher, Hella Schwarzmüller, Maike Gröschke, Michael Rustler
BUREAU DE RECHERCHES GEOLOGIQUES ET MINIERES BRGM France, Marina Alazard, Stéphanie Aulong, Alexandre Boisson, Abdel Majiit Bouzit, Alain Chevalier, Céline Cosson, Benoît Dewandel, Christine Flehoc, Wolfram Kloppmann, Thierry Laurioux, Jean-Christophe Maréchal, Jérôme Perrin, Marie Pettenati, Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux, Géraldine Quarton, Benjamin Tellier, Dominique Thierry, Matthieu Basset
ZENTRUM FÜR UMWELTMANAGEMENT UND ENTSCHEIDUNGSTHEORIE CEMDS Austria, Markus Starkl
HOCHSCHULE FÜR TECHNIK UND WIRTSCHAFT DRESDEN HTWD Germany, Thomas Grischek, Cornelius Sandhu, Ulrike Feistel, Rico Bartak, Thomas Voltz, Stephanie Fischer
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION -UNESCO IHE The Netherlands, Saroj Sharma, Maria Kennedy, Haziz Mutabuzi, Richard Missa, Charles Nyongo
INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE IWMI Sri Lanka, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Mahesh Jampani
COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION CSIRO Australia, Declan Page, Peter Dillon, Joanne Vanderzalm, Jatinder Sindhu
FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN FUB Germany, Christoph Sprenger, Thomas Taute, Lutz Thomas, Maike Gröschke, Theresa Frommen, Mario Eybing, Kolja Bosch, Florian BrücknerThe Saph Pani Handbook is also available as open acess material. It summarizes the main findings and success stories of the project
Optical and transport properties of polyaniline films
No full textThis thesis presents the results of a comprehensive study on the transport and optical properties of polyaniline (PANI) films. The films are derived by protonation (doping) of the emeraldine base form of polyaniline, as synthesized in Durham, with either 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) or 10- camphorsulfonic acid. Thus, two distinct PANI systems are obtained: PANI-CSA and PANI-AMPSA. The variation of the doping level can affect the metallic properties of the final system, so that samples close to the boundary as well as samples at either side of a disorder induced metal-insulator can be obtained. The relation between the doping level and the degree of disorder, along with the existence of an inherently metallic behaviour in PANI, are investigated through a series of experiments. Temperature dependent dc conductivity measurements ranging from 10-295 K are performed using a closed loop helium cryostat under dynamic vacuum (~10(^-5) mbar). From the conductivity data curves, typical fingerprints of the metallic behaviour are detected for certain samples and an initial estimate of the degree of disorder is implicitly attained. More specific information regarding the microscopic contributions to the transport mechanisms is obtained via low temperature (down to 1.5 K) magnetocon- ductance measurements on selected samples. The magnetic field dependence of conductivity for fields up to 14 T is measured and the suitability of the localization- interaction model for the understanding of the transport mechanism in PANI is examined. Infrared reflectivity (20-9000 cm(^-1)) measurements on samples of both PANI systems are performed. The experimental configuration permits the determination of the sample’s absolute reflectivity. The optical constants are deduced from Kramers- Kronig analysis of the reflectivity data. Typical features of metallic behaviour are examined and analysed in the context of the localization modified Drude model. The results are shown to be consistent with the transport measurements, indicating that PANI is a disordered metal close to the boundary of a disorder induced metal- insulator transition
Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
No full textVery compact objects probe extreme gravitational fields and may be the key to understand outstanding puzzles in fundamental physics. These include the nature of dark matter, the fate of spacetime singularities, or the loss of unitarity in Hawking evaporation. The standard astrophysical description of collapsing objects tells us that massive, dark and compact objects are black holes. Any observation suggesting otherwise would be an indication of beyond-the-standard-model physics. Null results strengthen and quantify the Kerr black hole paradigm. The advent of gravitational-wave astronomy and precise measurements with very long baseline interferometry allow one to finally probe into such foundational issues. We overview the physics of exotic dark compact objects and their observational status, including the observational evidence for black holes with current and future experiments
Multicoloured electrochromic thin films of NiO/PANI
No full textNiO/polyaniline (PANI) thin films have been prepared by a two-step process. NiO thin films were electrodeposited from an aqueous solution of NiCl2 · 6H2O at pH 7.5 on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrates and a layer of PANI was formed on NiO thin films by chemical bath deposition. The films were characterized for their structural, optical, morphological and electrochromic properties. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of NiO and PANI, in which NiO is of cubic structure. Scanning electron micrographs represent porous granular NiO, which get uniformly carpeted with PANI, leading to a matty morphology of NiO/PANI samples. The electrochromic performance of NiO/PANI films has been studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry over the −1.2 to +2.2 V (versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) potential window in 1M LiClO4 + propylene carbonate. The NiO/PANI films exhibit electrochromism with colour that changes from pale yellow (leucoemeraldine base at −0.7 V versus SCE) to dark green (emeraldine salt at 0.4 V versus SCE) to purple (pernigraniline at 0.8 V versus SCE) in the reduced states and dark blue (nigraniline at 0.5 V versus SCE) to dark green (emeraldine salt at 0.1 V versus SCE) to light green (photoemeraldine at −0.3 V versus SCE) in its oxidized states. These colours, though akin to pure PANI, have higher contrast, high speed of operation and high stability, owing to the properties of NiO. The colouration efficiency of the NiO/PANI film was estimated to be 85 cm2 C−1.</jats:p
Tidal deformability of dressed black holes and tests of ultralight bosons in extended mass ranges
No full textThe deformability of a compact object under the presence of a tidal perturbation is encoded in the tidal Love numbers (TLNs), which vanish for isolated black holes in vacuum. We show that the TLNs of black holes surrounded by matter fields do not vanish and can be used to probe the environment around binary black holes. In particular, we compute the TLNs for the case of a black hole surrounded by a scalar condensate under the presence of scalar and vector tidal perturbations, finding a strong power-law behavior of the TLN in terms of the mass of the scalar field. Using this result as a proxy for gravitational tidal perturbations, we show that future gravitational-wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope and LISA can impose stringent constraints on the mass of ultralight bosons that condensate around black holes due to accretion or superradiance. Interestingly, LISA could measure the tidal deformability of dressed black holes across the range from stellar-mass (≈ 102M ) to supermassive (≈ 107M ) objects, providing a measurement of the mass of ultralight bosons in the range (10-17 - 10-13) eV with less than 10% accuracy, thus filling the gap between other superradiance-driven constraints coming from terrestrial and space interferometers. Altogether, LISA and Einstein Telescope can probe tidal effects from dressed black holes in the combined mass range (10-17 - 10-11) eV
Fabrication of polyaniline (PANI) through parallel nanopores; transport properties of PANI@SiO2 nanopore molecular junctions
No full textInternational audienceAniline is electropolymerized through mesoporous silica nanopores (100 nm-long, 3 nm in diameter) orthogonally oriented on indium-tin oxide (ITO). Only a few polyaniline (PANI) wires are accommodated in the nanochannels and their growth is electrochemically controlled. The electronic transport properties of PANI@SiO2 are studied by Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (C-AFM), using a Pt-coated C-AFM tip as a top electrode to complete ITO/PANI@SiO2/Pt molecular junctions (MJs). Three different behaviors are observed. First, linear I/V curves are obtained when PANI is deposited in the nanopores with material spilling over the silica membrane. Transport occurs through many PANI@SiO2 channels where the overall conductance is high. Second, flat I/V curves are recorded, indicating "insulator" behavior when the SiO2 nanopores are not fully filled by PANI wires. Thirdly, non-linear I/V curves, which are quantitatively highly reproducible and independent of the area probed, are obtained. These are attributed to the formation of MJs where the C-AFM tip in contact with nanopores acts as the top electrode with vertical PANI wires just filling the SiO2 channels
Prussian Blue electrodepo sited on MWNTs-PANI hybrid composites for H2O2 detection
No full textA Prussian Blue (PB)/polyaniline (PANI)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) composite film was fabricated by step-by-step electrode-position on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrode prepared exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic behavior and good stability for detection of H2O2 at an applied potential of 0.0 V The effects of MWNTs thickness, electrodeposition time of PANI and rotating rate on the current response of the composite modified electrode toward H2O2 Were optimized to obtain the maximal sensitivity. A linear range from 8 x 10(-9) to 5 x 10(-6) M for H2O2 detection has been observed at the PB/PANI/MWNTs modified GCE with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The detection limit is 5 x 10(-9) M on signal-to-noise ratio of 3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest detection limit for H2O2 detection. The electrode also shows high sensitivity (526.43 mu A mu M-1 cm(-2)) for H2O2 detection which is more than three orders of magnitude higher than the reported. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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