29 research outputs found
Private equity funds and hedge funds: a primer
Get PDFPrivate equity funds and hedge funds are both alternative asset classes that are continuously growing in importance. Although they have different focuses, they share some characteristics. First of all, both have or allegedly have a significant impact on the economy as well as the financial system they operate in. Therefore, the question of a potential regulation of both asset classes arises. Due to the lack of sophisticated knowledge about the differences of these asset classes, market players fear that attempts to regulate hedge funds will adversely affect private equity funds. Besides the regulatory issue, there are several other links between these two asset classes that have to be looked at. The relationship between those two asset classes is therefore of general importance. Last months' developments in the hedge fund industry (e.g. rumors about turbulences as well as hedge funds forcing the dismissal of the CEO of Deutsche Börse) have now even led to a broad public debate about private equity and hedge funds. At least in Germany the debate has been partly fueled by the fact that both types of funds are highly funded by institutional investors from abroad. Due to this the debate widened and included criticism on Anglo-Saxon style capitalism as well. In the light of the last German elections, hedge funds and private equity funds have even been compared to locusts, notorious for exhausting whole countries. However, the distinction between hedge funds and private equity funds remains very vague in this discussion, so that deep mistrust is spread among the public opinion against these new, mostly unknown and misunderstood types of investors. For this reason it is important to * discuss the arguments for or against regulation, * look at the major links between the two asset classes, * look at the major differences that exist between the asset classes, and * conceive a set of criteria to clearly distinguish between both types of funds. The purpose of this paper is to comment on possible solutions to the above mentioned tasks. It outlines preliminary thoughts and findings. Further, it comments on the steps that we think should be taken to further enhance perception of private equity funds as opposed to hedge funds from a public as well as a regulatory perspective. --Private Equity Funds,Hedge Funds
Per un'etica della letteratura: la cornice il doppio legame nell'opera di J. M. Coetzee
No full textThe elusive fiction of J. M. Coetzee is not a work in which you can read fixed ethical stances. I suggest testing the potentialities of a logic based on frames and double binds in Coetzee's novels. A double bind is a dilemma in communication which consists on tho conflicting messages, with the result that you can�t successfully respond to neither. Jacques Derrida highlighted the strategic value of a way of thinking based on the double bind (but on frames as well), which enables to escape binary thinking and so it opens an ethical space, where you can make a choice out of a set of fixed rules and take responsibility for it. In Coetzee�s fiction the author himself can be considered in a double bind, seeing that he is a white South African writer who feels that his �task� can�t be as simply as choosing to represent faithfully the violence and the racism of the apartheid or of choosing to give a voice to the oppressed. Good intentions alone do not ensure protection against entering unwittingly into complicity with the dominant discourse, and this is why is important to make the frame in which one is always situated clearly visible and explicit. The logic of the double bind becomes the way in which moral problem are staged in Coetzee�s fiction as well: the opportunity to give a voice to the oppressed through the same language which co-opted to serve the cause of oppression, a relation with the otherness never completed, or the representability of evil in literature, of the secret and of the paradoxical implications of confession and forgiveness
Verse and style in masquerades
No full textOvaj rad analizira maskeratu hrvatskih renesansnih pjesnika, odnosno renesansni žanr pokladne lirike. Maskerata je mješoviti, monološki strukturirani žanr koji je preuzet iz talijanske književnosti. Maskerate se povezuju s karnevalskim danima kada su izvođene i predstavljane narodu na ulicama gradova. Prvu maskeratu u hrvatskoj književnosti napisao je Džore Držić, a nakon njega slijede Mikša Pelegrinović, Mavro Vetranović, Nikola Nalješković i Antun Sasin čije su maskerate, uz pomoć teorijske literature, analizirane u ovome radu. U analizi se mogu vidjeti formalna, stilska, tematska, sadržajna, metrička i druga obilježja maskerati hrvatskih pjesnika. Mikša Pelegrinović ističe se po podvrsti maskerate - cigareski. Kod Vetranovića se ne tematizira lik Jeđupke, ali su prisutni drugi likovi koji ne posjeduju toliko lascivnih osobina. Ipak, za najlascivnijega autora među hrvatskim pjesnicima maskerati glasi Nikola Nalješković. On se ističe i po metričkoj raznolikosti, a u tome ga slijedi Antun Sasin. Važno je spomenuti da neke maskerate u hrvatskoj književnosti imaju nepoznatoga autora, ali to je pitanje koje se ostavlja za druga istraživanja.This paper analyzes the masquerade of Croatian Renaissance poets, ie the Renaissance genre of carnival lyrics. Masquerade is a mixed, monologue-structured genre taken from Italian literature. Masquerades are associated with carnival days when they were performed and presented to the people on the streets of cities. The first masquerade in Croatian literature was written by Džore Držić, followed by Mikša Pelegrinović, Mavro Vetranović, Nikola Nalješković and Antun Sasin, whose masquerades, with the help of theoretical literature, were analyzed in this paper. In the analysis one can see the formal, stylistic, thematic, substantive, metrical and other features of the masquerades of Croatian poets. Mikša Pelegrinović stands out for his subgenre of masquerade. Vetranović does not thematize the character of Jeđupka, but there are other characters who do not have so many lascivious traits. Nevertheless, Nikola Nalješković is the most lascivious author among Croatian authors. He also stands out for his metrical diversity, followed by Antun Sasin. It is important to mention that some masquerades in Croatian literature have an unknown author, but this is a question that is left for other research
Recent Changes in Drug Abuse Scenario The Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) Phenomenon
Get PDFOver the last decade, the emergence of a vast range of new/novel/emerging psychoactive
substances (NPS) has progressively changed drug market scenarios, which have shifted from the
‘street’ to a ‘virtual’/online environment.
Several definitions of NPS are in use, with the term ‘new’ not necessarily referring to new
inventions but to substances that have recently been made available, possibly including failed
pharmaceuticals or old patents which have been ‘rediscovered’ as ‘recreational’ molecules. Conversely,
the term ‘novel’ can refer to something newly created, an old drug that has come back into fashion,
or a known NPS molecule being used in an innovative or unusual way and hence presenting
a ‘novelty’ appeal (Corkery et al., 2018) [1]. Though misleading, the terms ‘legal highs’ and
‘research chemicals’ have been used alternately to describe these molecules. NPS includes synthetic
cannabinoids, cathinone derivatives, psychedelic phenethylamines, novel stimulants, synthetic opioids,
tryptamine derivatives, phencyclidine-like dissociatives, piperazines, GABA-A/B receptor agonists,
a range of prescribed medications, psychoactive plants/herbs, and a large series of image- and
performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) (Schifano et al., 2015) [2]. Overall, users are typically attracted
to NPS because of curiosity and the diffusion of social media users’ experiences, easy availability or
affordability from online drug shops, legality, intense psychoactive effects, and the likely lack of detection
in routine drug screenings (Schifano et al., 2015) [2].
Between 2004 and 2017, some 700–800 examples of NPS were reported by related European and
international drug agencies (UNODC, 2018 [3]; EMCDDA, 2018 [4]), with most molecules identified
being synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, phenethylamine derivatives, and synthetic opioids.
However, it could be argued that the NPS scenario is much larger than that outlined by those molecules
which have been seized or formally identified by EU and international agencies. Since the online NPS
scenario typically predicts the real life NPS scenario (Schifano et al., 2015) [2], identifying what is being
discussed online by web-based NPS enthusiasts, or ‘e-psychonauts’ (Orsolini et al., 2015) [5], may well
be of interest. With this in mind, a crawling/navigating software (i.e., the ‘NPS.Finder®’) was recently
designed by our group. In November 2017, it started to automatically scan, on a 24/7 basis, a vast
range of psychonaut web forums for NPS. After a year of operation, it has been possible to estimate that
the online/psychonaut web forum NPS scene may include some 4000 different molecules. The most
popular examples of NPS mentioned in psychonaut forums have included synthetic cannabimimetics,
synthetic opioids, phenethylamines, designer benzodiazepines, and prescribed drugs.
NPS use, especially for synthetic cannabinoids and novel psychedelics, has been associated with
a range of untoward medical consequences, including vomiting, seizures, cardiovascular complications,
and kidney failure (Schifano et al., 2017) [6]. By contrast, the main focus of this special issue is on the
major psychopathological consequences of NPS use. Indeed, due to their complex pharmacodynamics,
there are increasing levels of concern about the onset of acute or chronic psychopathological issues
associated with NPS intake.
Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 221; doi:10.3390/brainsci8120221 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci
Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 221
The occurrence of psychosis has been related to: (a) increased central dopamine levels, typically
seen with novel psychedelic phenethylamines, novel stimulants and synthetic cathinones; (b) significant
cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation, which is associated with high potency synthetic cannabimimetics;
(c) 5-HT2A receptor activation, seen with latest generation phenethylamines, tryptamine derivatives and
hallucinogenic plants; (d) antagonist activity at n-methyl-D-aspartate/NMDA receptors, observed with
ketamine, methoxetamine/MXE, and their latest derivatives; and (e) k-opioid receptor activation,
which is typically associated with both Salvia divinorum and Mitragyna speciosa/‘Kratom’ intake.
By considering the above, this special issue of Brain Sciences aims to provide an overview of a range
of NPS-related issues. More precisely, Sahai et al. [7] present original preclinical data relating in silico and
in vitro assessment of the psychoactive properties of a few dissociative diarylethylamines. Miolo et al. [8]
focus on specific analytical chemistry issues relating to amphetamine-type stimulants and ketamine,
while Parrott [9] argues that there are similarities between well-known recreational drugs and NPS in terms
of mood fluctuations/psychobiological instability issues. Conversely, Cohen andWeinstein [10] present original
cognitive psychopharmacology data relating to the use of organic and synthetic cannabinoids. From a clinical
point of view, Bonaccorso et al. [11] introduce a case series of synthetic cannabinoid users presenting
to acute psychiatric services with psychosis; Frisoni et al. [12] comment on the medical consequences
of novel opioid intake; Martinotti et al. [13] provide a thorough overview of hallucinogen-persisting
perceptual disorder, a clear issue of interest for NPS users; Schifano et al. [14] reflect on the misuse
and abuse of prescribed medicines (e.g., benzodiazepine derivatives, methylphenidate look-alikes,
and fentanyl analogues) in the NPS context; and Gittins et al. [15] provide empirical data relating NPS
use by clients seeking treatment in the UK. BothWadsworth et al. [16] and Miliano et al. [17] comment
extensively on the role of the open/deep web in shaping and promoting changes in NPS scenarios. Finally,
both Metastasio et al. [18] and Catalani et al. [19] offer original data which sheds further light on the
expanding phenomenon of IPED misuse/abuse.
In conjunction with constant changes in basic structures from which emerging molecules can
be derived, designed, and synthesized, the NPS market will continue to expand. This will pose
a challenge, since NPS-related toxidromes are, per se, complex and unpredictable, and clinicians need
to aim to be better educated in recognizing NPS-related toxicity issues. Drug control policies should be
improved worldwide, and the list of examples of NPS should be constantly updated as improvements
in analytical chemistry detection methods occur. Given the implications of NPS for mental health,
psychiatric services should adapt to new drug scenarios while drafting new treatment strategies.
Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.
References
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© 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Potensi Pengembangan Varietas Kelapa Dalam Mastutin asal Sumbawa NTB / The Potency to Develop Mastutin Tall Variety from Sumbawa NTB
No full textProblems encountered in the development of the coconut is the limited availability of improved seed, and almost all developing regions require palms, which grow well in specific locations. One of the producing regions of coconut is Sumbawa district in West Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this research was to evaluating the yield of Mastutin coconut and its potential to suport coconut variety development in Indonesia. The evaluation was conducted by observing the selected mother palms in the Mastutin coconut original location. The research was conducted around three years (2012 – 2014) in Labuhan Mapin village, Sumbawa district, by using observation method. Observations were carried out on the vegetative and generative characters, components of fruit, the chemical composition of the endosperm, high yielding block, and parrent tall coconut. The results indicated the potency of Mastutin coconut yield was > 3 tons copra per ha per year. The oil content of Mastutin coconut was 61,88 %. It grows well in areas having drought period of 4 – 6 months, and has large stem girth characters. Population of tall coconut palms growing in Labuan Mapin Village are suitable as high yielding block. Tall coconut in the village of Labuan Mapin could potentially produced ± 75 970 seeds per year from a total of 710 selected high yielding palms. The Mastutin Tall coconut from the Labuhan Mapin village has been released as local superior tall coconut variety under the name of Mastutin Tall Coconut. The coconut seeds produced from selected Mastutin Tall population can be used as breeding materials for creating new superior coconut variety, as seed sources for coconut development and replanting programs.

ABSTRAK

Permasalahan yang ditemui dalam pengembangan kelapa adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan benih unggul. Hampir semua daerah pengembangan membutuhkan benih kelapa yang spesifik lokasi agar produksinya optimal. Salah satu daerah penghasil kelapa di Indonesia adalah Kabupaten Sumbawa di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi produksi benih kelapa Mastutin, melalui pengamatan pohon induk terpilih sebagai materi pengembangan kelapa di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan sejak tahun 2012 – 2014 di Desa Labuan Mapin, Kabupaten Sumbawa dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter vegetatif, generatif, komponen buah, komposisi kimia daging buah, populasi atau blok pertanaman, pohon induk sebagai sumber benih. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa kelapa Dalam di Desa Labuan Mapin mempunyai potensi produksi tinggi, yaitu > 3 ton kopra per ha per tahun dengan kadar minyak 61,88% dan dapat tumbuh baik pada daerah yang memiliki bulan kering 4 – 6 bulan; memiliki ukuran batang besar. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian populasi atau blok pertanaman, populasi kelapa Dalam di Desa Labuan Mapin memenuhi syarat sebagai Blok Penghasil Tinggi (BPT). Hasil seleksi diperoleh sebanyak 710 Pohon Induk Terpilih (PIT) dengan potensi produksi benih sebanyak ± 75.970 butir per tahun. Kelapa Dalam di Desa Labuan Mapin, telah dilepas sebagai varietas unggul lokal dengan nama kelapa Dalam Mastutin. Pohon Induk Terpilih kelapa Dalam varietas Mastutin dapat digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan untuk merakit varietas unggul baru,dan sebagai sumber benih untuk pengembangan dan peremajaan.</jats:p
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM BALI (DBI) DAN DALAM SAWARNA (DSA) BERDASARKAN PENANDA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)
Get PDFABSTRACTKeragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) dan Dalam Sawarna (DSA) dianalisismenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumBiologi Tumbuhan, Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Hayati danBioteknologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada Februari-Mei 2007. Bahanyang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 10 individu dari masing-masing populasi. Primer acak digunakan dalam analisis terdiri atas 10primer -10 mer yaitu OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20,OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12, OPB-15, OPB-20. DNA diekstraksimenggunakan metode Rohde yang telah dimodifikasi, konsentrasiditetapkan menggunakan metode Sambrook. Untuk melihat tingkatkekerabatan antar individu berdasarkan pola pita RAPD dari setiap primerdigunakan program NTsys ver. 2,0 (Program Numerical Taxonomy andMultivariate Analysis), sedangkan untuk analisis gerombol digunakanmetode UPGMA untuk membuat dendogram. Koefisien keragaman antarindividu dalam populasi kelapa DBI berkisar antara 2,4% – 30,7% denganrata-rata 21,7%, dan untuk populasi kelapa DSA antara 1,5% – 22,4%dengan rata-rata 12,7%. Jarak genetik individu-individu dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) cukup jauh menunjukkan bahwa keragamangenetik dalam populasi Dalam Bali masih tinggi, sehingga seleksi untukmaksud perbaikan sifat masih sangat memungkinkan. Pada populasikelapa Dalam Sawarna (DSA) jarak genetik individu-individu dalam sudahsemakin sempit, artinya keanekaragaman genetik antar individu di dalampopulasi DSA sudah sangat rendah oleh karena itu seleksi untuk maksudperbaikan sifat harus dilakukan dengan selektif. Hubungan kekerabatanantar populasi kelapa Dalam Bali dan Dalam Sawarna sebesar 44% artinyajarak genetik kedua populasi ini cukup jauh yaitu 56%. Sehingga jikaindividu-individu terseleksi dari kedua populasi tersebut disilangkan, akandiperoleh keturunan yang memilikinilai heterosis tinggi.Kata kunci: Kelapa Dalam Bali, kelapa Dalam Sawarna, keragamangenetik, hubungan kekerabatan, RAPDABSTRACTGenetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall(DSA) Coconuts Based on Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA (RAPD)Genetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA)coconuts based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) wasobserved. Ten plants were used in each population. The objectives of thisresearch were to determine genetic diversity within-and inter-population ofBali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA) coconuts, and geneticrelationship of those population based on RAPD (Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA). Research was done in Plant Biology Laboratory ofCenter Research of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, InstitutPertanian Bogor, February – May 2007. DNA extraction was done bymodified Rohde method and to determine the concentration and quality ofDNA by Sambrook method. Ten RAPD 10-mer were used namely OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20, OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12,OPB-15, OPB-20. To find out the level of genetic relationship betweenindividuals based on RAPD banding pattern of each primer, we usedNTsys program ver. 2.0 (program Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateAnalysis System), whereas for the analysis of clustering UPGMA methodis used to create a dendogram. These ten RAPD primers could separateDBI and DSA in each group. Genetic diversity within-population of BaliTall coconut population varied from 2.4 to 30.7% with average of 21.7%.So that, opportunity to improve characters in DBI coconut populationcould be done by selection. Genetic diversity within-population ofSawarna Tall coconut population progressively was narrow, ranging from1.5 to 12.4% with average 12.7%, so the selection in order to do characterimprovement in this population could be done selectively. Geneticrelationship between DBI dan DSA populations was far enough (54%), sothe crossing between those population will be good for charactersimprovment.Key words : Bali Tall coconut, Sawarna Tall coconut, genetic diversity,genetic relationship, RAP
"I have everything to unlearn": Henry James, cultural studies and mass culture
No full textHenry James has always been considered the elitist and aloof writer par excellence. This essay investigates the impact of culturally oriented critical perspectives on the study of James, lowering him into the conflicts and imbalances that lacerate the field of cultural production and his own position as an author writing within that field, exposed to all the tensions that pass through it.
The last decades of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth are a crucial moment, in which the status of literature and of the literary writer undergo dramatic changes: as Frederic Jameson has put it, “two literary and cultural structures, dialectically interrelated [...] find themselves positioned in the distinct and generally incompatible spaces of the institutions of high literature and what the Frankfurt School conveniently called the «culture industry», that is, the apparatuses for the production of «popular» or mass culture”. Literature becomes more and more a commodity, which is bought, sold, which can (or cannot) produce money, which is judged for its marketplace value. James is a writer that experienced first hand this epochal phase: a novelist, but also a critic, a reviewer, simultaneously protagonist of and witness to the literary scene of his era. And if he is certainly the high priest of form, the “difficult”, opaque, and for some even unreadable writer, he is also – at the same time – he who exploited expedients and topoi of the melodramatic imagination, who accepted publishing in magazines and in installments, who came to terms with the illustration of his texts, who did not hesitate seeking new editorial markets such as popular low-cost periodicals. He has dramatized these issues in his “tales of the literary life”, a series of brief texts, most written between 1888 and the first years of the twentieth century, characterized by a multilayered chiastic structure which testifies to James’s ambivalence and contradictions. This essay proposes to consider these tales as a “multiple otherbiography” of the “high brow” writer in the late modernity, negotiating with his demonic or fascinating other(s): popular literature, the image, the growing power of the press, magazines, best sellers, advertising, and the dream of writing for as large an audience as possible
Chancel Screen Post-cum-Colonette from the Episcopal Complex at Zadar
Get PDFAutor piše o pilastru sa stupićem ograde svetišta otkrivenom 1970. godine u hodniku prizemlja nadbiskupske palače u Zadru. Tamo je dospio odbačen u nepoznatim okolnostima. Nije moguće sa sigurnošću pripisati ga određenoj građevini episkopalnog kompleksa (bazilici, rotondi, ili nekom trećem liturgijskom prostoru). U stručnoj literaturi pilastar je spomenut, ali ne s opsežnijim opisom niti s dobrim likovnim prikazima. Na prednjoj plohi uklesan je vrstan reljef s ornamentom vinove lozice, vrijedan primjer kamene plastike iz vremena ranoga razdoblja preromaničke umjetnosti na Jadranu. Stoga mu autor posvećuje zasebnu pažnju, uz komentar sa sličnim ornamentima na pilastrima, plutejima i ciborijima od laguna Venecije do juga Dalmacije. Ujedno ističe važnost istovjetnoga ornamenta rovašenjem urezanoga na plohi drvene grede iz rotonde Sv. Trojstva, poznate crkve Sv. Donata u Zadru.The article focuses on a chancel screen post which was discovered in the ground-floor hallway of the Episcopal Palace at Zadar in 1970. It is not known how it reached this location. The post cannot be attributed to a specific building within the episcopal complex – consisting of the Cathedral, the church of St Donatus and other liturgical spaces – with certainty. Although previously published, the post has never been examined in much detail nor was it reproduced in a high-quality image. The front face bears a fine relief of an ornamental vine-scroll and represents a valuable example of stone sculpture from the early period of pre-Romanesque art in the Adriatic. As such it warrants special attention and the author compares it to similar ornaments found on chancel screen posts and panels, but also ciboria, along the east Adriatic coast from the Venetian lagoons to southern Dalmatia. In addition, the author highlights the important fact that an identical ornament was carved on the surface of a wooden beam from the well-known centrally planned church of the Holy Trinity (St Donatus) at Zadar
Two Cryptic Species in <i>Brontispa longissima</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Analysis and Crosses between the Two Nominal Species
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The beetle Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious invasive pest of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera I., in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region. Genetic analysis is essential to ecological and evolutionary study of such invasive species. We therefore conducted molecular analyses by using partial sequences (1044 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of B. longissima collected from several locations. We found two monophyletic groups: one distributed over a limited area (Australia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, and Sumba Island; referred to as the Pacific group) and the other collected from a wide area of Asia and the Pacific region (referred to as the Asian group). We compared the biological and morphological traits of the two groups. We found that insects in the Pacific group had a shorter developmental time from hatching to adult emergence, produced fewer eggs, and had a larger adult body size than insects in the Asian group. Elytral color patterns did not differ between the two groups. Our interpopulation crosses produced significantly fewer progeny than intrapopulation crosses, suggesting that B. longissima represents two cryptic species.</jats:p
The time is now: the roles of apocalyptic thought in early Germanic literature
Get PDFThis study investigates the different purposes for which apocalyptic thought was employed in early Germanic texts. The main focus lies on Anglo-Saxon sources. Both prose texts and poetry are taken into consideration, and cross-references to tenth-century material from the Continent are made wherever appropriate. The first three chapters provide an investigation of the ways in which Church authorities used apocalyptic material for purposes of instilling an urge to repentance and/or conversion in their audiences. Chapter 1 discusses patristic and Anglo-Saxon responses to the thousand years mentioned in Revelation 20 and finds a significant difference in the way the material was discussed by learned monastics and by populist preachers. Chapter 2 traces the Antichrist motif in Continental and Anglo-Saxon sources, with special regard to regional preferences in the treatment of the material. Chapter 3 broadens the view to consider Anglo-Saxon preaching in general. It discusses the different use of apocalyptic material by AElfric, Wulfstan, and the Blickling homilists, before approaching the prose and poetry found in the Vercelli Book and manuscript Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 201.Chapter 4 discusses material in Old Norse since sources relating to late tenth- and early eleventh century Scandinavia offer a unique opportunity to hear the voices of the laity at whom apocalyptic material was directed. The chapter starts with an overview of the conversion of Norway and Iceland by King Óláfr Tryggvason and his missionaries before moving on to discuss skaldic verse from the conversion phase. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the curious mixture of pagan and Christian themes in the Eddie poem Vqluspá. Previous studies on the Judgement Day motif show either a regional focus (e.g. Anglo-Saxon England), limit themselves to a specific genre of texts (e.g. Old English poetry), or focus on the act of Judgement itself and/or discuss descriptions of the tortures of Hell or the joys of Paradise. In contrast to these, the present study's comparative and interdisciplinary approach provides a more detailed picture of early medieval ideas about the end of the world, and responses to them by the laity
