24 research outputs found
Quaternary forcing of diversity in neotropical forests
No full textThe climate of the Amazon during the last northern glaciation may be taken to represent the normal climate of the basin throughout the Quaternary, since boundary conditions for Amazon and neotropical environments had not otherwise changed since the Andean orogeny and emplacment of the Isthmus of Panama late in the Teritary.The few radiocarbon dated data describing the climate of the ice age Amazon suggest that the principal climatic forcing was cooling in excess of 6 o C, associated with modest reductions in precipitation. Unlike Africa, the New World tropics were not noticeably arid. The evidence for cooling comes from paleoecological data at the foot of the Equatorial Andes, where temperature sensitive taxa had descended 1500 m into elevations that now support rain forest. Pollen data from all elevations of the Andes show that climates continued moist throughout glacial cycles, thus making appropriate the application of moist air lapse rates to substantial evidence for cooling in the high Andes also. Evidence that reductions in precipitation were modest in the lowlands come from new pollen records from 2-300 m elevation in the central Amazon of Brazil.A long record of lake sediments from lowland Panama possibly represents a complete glacial cycle. Pollen, phytolith, and other paleoecological data show both cooling and modest reductions in precipitation, in parallel with the Amazon records.At all stages in glacial cycles, neotropical forests have been subjected to intermediate disturbance tending to prevent competitive exclusion. But the forests have never been fragmented or displaced into “refugia”. Vicariance has always been provided by the scales of geography and local disturbance. The forests are dynamic systems of species whose adaptive norms are appropriate to climates of the ice age earth, but which are able to form temporary accomodations in response to climatic change.The modern Amazon rain forest was formed as an ephemeral response to the short-lived warm episode of the Holocene. Local concentrations of species, like those noted on elevated regions surrounding the Amazon basin by refugial theorists, can best be explained because occupying regions of greatest environmental change, with the consequent pattern of invasion and reinvasion necessary with each climatic shift.</jats:p
La industria lítica de Gran Coclé, Panamá, a finales del periodo Cerámico medio. Resultado del análisis de material lítico de la Operación 8 de Sitio Cerro Juan Díaz
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Recommended from our members
Climate change in the lowlands of the Amazon Basin
No full textAbout the book: The goal of this book is to provide a current overview of the impacts of climate change on tropical forests, to investigate past, present, and future climatic influences on the ecosystems with the highest biodiversity on the planet. "Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change" will be the first book to examine how tropical rain forest ecology is altered by climate change, rather than simply seeing how plant communities were altered. Shifting the emphasis onto ecological processes e.g. how diversity is structured by climate and the subsequent impact on tropical forest ecology, provides the reader with a more comprehensive coverage. A major theme of this book that emerges progressively is the interaction between humans, climate and forest ecology. While numerous books have appeared dealing with forest fragmentation and conservation, none have explicitly explored the long term occupation of tropical systems, the influence of fire and the future climatic effects of deforestation, coupled with anthropogenic emissions. Incorporating modelling of past and future systems paves the way for a discussion of conservation from a climatic perspective, rather than the usual plea to stop logging
Amazonian and neotropical plant communities on glacial time-scales: The failure of the aridity and refuge hypotheses
No full textO impacto de uma exposição cientifica nas represenações sociais sobre meio ambiente dos alunos do ensino médio
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catrina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia.Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar o impacto de uma exposição científica nas representações sociais sobre meio ambiente dos alunos do ensino médio. Desde a sua origem, nos anos 60, a teoria das representações sociais analisa a difusão da ciência pelos meios de comunicação, ocupando uma posição central nos estudos da divulgação científica e permeando tanto a organização de meios de divulgação como de conteúdos necessários a sua consecução. Uma dimensão importante e presente nas exposições científicas contemporâneas é a abordagem social da ciência e tecnologia. Nessa dimensão, um tema que tem sido privilegiado pelos museus de ciências e professores diz respeito ao meio ambiente. A construção dessa exposição levou em conta a noção de paradigmas ambientais e foi construída de forma a explicitar o contraste entre o homem como excluído ou como parte integrante do meio ambiente. Participaram dessa pesquisa 285 alunos da segunda série do ensino médio de quatro escolas de Florianópolis. A pesquisa foi feita nas escolas e em uma sala de exposições da UFSC. Pode-se dizer que houve um impacto sobre as representações sociais de meio ambiente dos alunos que visitaram a exposição através do surgimento de esquemas estranhos (referentes ao conteúdo da exposição) nessas representações, apontando um crescimento informativo e cognitivo desses alunos. Espera-se poder contribuir com o nível de alfabetização científica dos cidadãos catarinenses, bem como verificar a contribuição da atividade de divulgação científica para a teoria das representações sociais, além de contribuir para o desenvolvimento do campo de pesquisa dessa teoria
Apego: evolução da relação e discriminação do objeto
No full textThis study investigates some results of a recent 1nvestigation by Almeida, Colinvaux, Pardal and Penna (1985). One general hypothesis was tested: in day-care center children, the development of the object permanence concept is related to the development of attachment to the caretaker. The theoretical models for this study are J. Piaget's cognitive development theory (specially his explanation of the development of the notion of inanimate objects as permanent entities) and J. Bowlby's attachment theory. A sample of 39 children, aged from 0,6 to 2;0 and who spent all day in day-care centers was studied. The children were administered the series 'search of the missing object' from Casati and Lezine's scale (1968) and were also observed in a laboratory situation derived from Ainsworth and Wittig' s strange situation (1969). No significative relation was found between the two variables studied, although data shows a trend in this direction. The author suggests future investigations larger samples. She also proposes that the concept of using person permanence could be another variable to be considered in future investigations.A presente investigação constitui um estudo específico de parte dos achados da pesquisa 'Influência das Condições de Atendimento das Creches no Desenvolvimento Cognitivo e Emocional das Crianças' (Almeida, L.S. de; Colinvaux, D.; Pardal, M.V.; e Penna, M.M.S., 1985). 'Teve como hipótese geral a existência de uma relação entre o desenvolvimento da noção de objeto e a evolução do comportamento de apego dirigido à figura principal de cuidados em crianças de creche. Fundamentou-se, teoricamente, nas postulações de J. Piaget sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo e mais especificamente ainda sobre o conceito de objeto e de J. Bowlby sobre o comportamento de apego. O estudo foi conduzido em uma amostra de 39 crianças, na faixa etária de 6 a 24 meses, que frequentavam creche externato em regime integral. Todas as crianças foram testadas na serie 'busca do objeto desaparecido' da escala 'As Etapas da Inteligência Sensório-Motora da Criança de Zero a Dois Anos' (I.Casati & I. Lezine, 1968) e participaram de uma situação experimental adaptada da 'situação do estranho' (M. Ainsworth & B. Wittig, 1969). Não foi estabeleci da uma relação significativa entre as variáveis em estudo. Contudo, os dados coletados evidenciaram uma tendência para essa correlação. A autora sugere, portanto, que outras investigações acerca dessas variáveis sejam conduzidas em amostras com um número significativamente maior de crianças. Propõe, ainda, que a variável noção de permanência de pessoa também seja considerada em futuras pesquisas nessa área
Insurance law and the Financial Ombudsman Service [in 3 volumes]
No full textThis thesis is the only study there is of the workings of the Financial Ombudsman Service ('FOS') and a comparison between court and FOS attitudes and approaches to insurance cases. A court and the FOS may decide matters differently because the FOS does not have to apply the law strictly, whilst a court does. The author of this thesis has examined the FOS and Financial Services Authority ('FSA') websites, handbooks and other material, and all of the near monthly journals of Ombudsman News ('O.N.') since the FOS began in 2001, analysing it against the law to determine the question of this thesis: whether the FOS should in fact apply the law strictly, and not allow principles of fairness and reasonableness to override the law in the particular circumstances of a case. Should certainty of outcome and of applying law established and modified over hundreds of years be sacrificed to allow the FOS to apply its overriding discretion in the interests of justice in a relatively few cases? Should both insurers and insureds be able to obtain legal advice on their relative positions, without that advice having to mention unpredictable outcomes if the ombudsman chooses not to follow the strict legal position? If the law does not offer the consumer insured enough protection, should the FOS be the forum that does, and if so, does it give enough protection? This study does not look at the decisions of the Insurance Ombudsman Bureau ('IOB') which preceded the FOS. Where a point is not dealt with below, it has not been highlighted in FOS publications to date and it is unclear how relevant IOB decisions on that point will be
RESOURCE EXPLOITATION, BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND ECOLOGICAL EVENTS
No full textWe study the management of a natural resource that supports ecosystems as well as human needs. The reduction in the resource base introduces a threat of occurrence of catastrophic ecological events, such as the sudden collapse of the national habitat that lead to severe loss of biodiversity. The event occurrence conditions involve uncertainty of various types, and the distinction among these types affects the optimal exploitation policies. When uncertainty is due to our ignorance of some aspects of the underlying ecology, the isolated equilibrium states characterizing optimal exploitation for many renewable resource problems become equilibrium intervals. Events triggered by genuinely stochastic environmental conditions maintain the structure of isolated equilibria, but the presence of event uncertainty shifts these equilibrium states relative to their position when occurrence conditions are known with certainty.ecosystem, resource management, event uncertainty, biodiversity, extinction, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
