1,721,251 research outputs found
The Violence of Logos: A Political Reading of Gorgias's Helen
No full textL’Encomio di Elena ruota, come è noto, intorno ad una tesi paradossale: la violenza dell’azione esercitata dal logos. Secondo Gorgia, infatti, la persuasione (peithō), piuttosto che differire dalla violenza (bia), ne costituisce una diversa manifestazione. Nonostante i numerosi tentativi compiuti dagli interpreti, questa tesi, con tutta la sua carica paradossale, non ha ancora trovato una spiegazione del tutto adeguata. Ciò perché, pur abitualmente considerato uno dei testi fondatori della tradizione retorica, l’Encomio di Elena non ha finora ricevuto un’interpretazione che ne evidenzi il singolare intreccio di retorica e politica. Sebbene si sia molto insistito sulla natura didattica dell’Encomio, ci si è infatti in genere limitati a considerare il testo gorgiano come uno dei primi manuali (technai) a partire dai quali la retorica si andò costituendo come disciplina. Se questo è da un certo punto di vista innegabile, cercherò, tuttavia, di mostrare che la lezione ricavabile dall’Encomio è certamente più ampia ed è una lezione politica, poiché il testo delinea un modello di ‘cittadinanza retorica’ su cui può essere ancora utile riflettere. Al centro di questo modello c’è il riconoscimento del conflitto come nucleo ineludibile della pratica discorsiva. Si tratta di una dimensione che Gorgia immagina relativa all’esercizio del logos in generale, ma che naturalmente trova in un contesto democratico la sua manifestazione più evidente. Con due importanti conseguenze. Da un lato, il tentativo di coniugare, rielaborando l’eredità dei ‘maestri di verità’, efficacia e verità. Dall’altro il ruolo che, all’interno di questo modello teorico, viene riservato alla violenza (simbolica). Su questo punto la posizione di Gorgia si rivela, nella sua radicalità, sostanzialmente isolata anche rispetto alla successiva tradizione retorica. Per il sofista siciliano la violenza non coincide, infatti, con un uso, per quanto inevitabile, tuttavia deliberatamente ingannevole e strumentale del linguaggio, ma è in qualche misura intrinseca alla stessa pratica discorsiva, una volta che se ne sia colta adeguatamente la dimensione conflittuale. In questo modo, la lezione che Gorgia consegna ai suoi allievi va ben al di là della, in fondo scontata, autopromozione della propria competenza e contiene un invito, quanto mai attuale, a fornirsi degli strumenti adeguati per entrare nell’agone democratico
Laser cooling of trapped three-level ions: Designing two-level systems for sideband cooling
No full textA theoretical discussion is provided for sideband cooling on a metastable transition with a very long lifetime where the metastable state is quenched (or dressed) by a nonresonant laser. The dressing laser mixes the metastable state with a third atomic state that has a dipole allowed (fast) decay to the ground state. This scheme can be applied to a broad range of ion-level configurations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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