16 research outputs found
Microscopy analysis of soils at the Phoenix landing site, Mars: Classification of soil particles and description of their optical and magnetic properties
No full textThe optical microscope onboard the Phoenix spacecraft has returned color images (4 ?m pixel?1) of soils that were delivered to and held on various substrates. A preliminary taxonomy of Phoenix soil particles, based on color, size, and shape, identifies the following particle types [generic names in brackets]: (1) reddish fines, mostly unresolved, that are spectrally similar to (though slightly darker than) global airborne dust [red fines], (2) silt? to sand?sized brownish grains [brown sand], (3) silt? to sand?sized black grains [black sand], and (4) small amounts of whitish fines, possibly salts [white fines]. Most particles have a saturation magnetization in the range 0.5?2 Am2 kg?1 as inferred from their interaction with magnetic substrates. The particle size distribution has two distinct peaks below 10 ?m (fines) and in the range 20–100 ?m (grains), respectively, and is different from that of ripple soils in Gusev crater. In particular medium to large sand grains appear to be absent in Phoenix soils. Most sand grains have subrounded shape with variable texture. A fractured grain (observed on sol 112) reveals evidence of micrometer?sized crystal facets. The brown sand category displays a large diversity in color including shiny, almost colorless particles. Potential source regions for these grains may be the Tharsis volcanoes or Heimdal crater (20 km east of the landing site). The black grains are suggested to belong to a more widespread population of particles with mafic mineralogy. The absence of black/brown composite grains is consistent with different formation pathways and source regions for each grain type.Precision and Microsystems EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Magnetic properties experiments and the Surface Stereo Imager calibration target onboard the Mars Phoenix 2007 Lander: Design, calibration, and science goals
No full textThe first NASA scout mission to Mars, Phoenix, launched 4 August will land in the northern part of Mars in the locality of 68°N and 233°E on 25 May 2008. Part, of the science payload is the Magnetic Properties Experiments (MPE) that consists of two main experiments: the Improved Sweep Magnet Experiment (ISWEEP) and 10 sets of two Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) magnet substrates with embedded permanent magnets of different strength. The ISWEEP experiment is, as the name indicates, an improved version of the Sweep Magnet Experiments flown onboard the two Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The sweep magnet is ring shaped and is designed to allow only nonmagnetic particles to enter a small circular area at the center of the surface of this structure. Results from this experiment have shown that on the MERs hardly any particles can be detected in the central area of this ring-shaped magnet. From this we have concluded that essentially all particles in the Martian atmosphere are magnetic in the sense that they are attracted to permanent magnets. In order to improve the sensitivity of the Sweep Magnet Experiment for detection of nonmagnetic or very weakly magnetic particles, the ISWEEP holds six ring-shaped magnets, somewhat larger than the sweep magnet of the MERs, and with six different background colors in the central area. The six different colors provide new possibilities for improved contrast between these background colors, i.e., any putative nonmagnetic particles should render these more easily detectable. The Surface Stereo Imager will also take advantage of the small clean areas in the ISWEEPs and use the presumably constant colors for radiometric calibration of images. The MECA magnets work as substrates in the MECA microscopy experiments; they are built to attract and hold magnetic particles from dust samples. The collected dust will then be examined by the optical microscope and the atomic force microscope in the MECA package. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union
Microscopy capabilities of the microscopy, electrochemistry, and conductivity analyzer
No full textThe Phoenix microscopy station, designed for the study of Martian dust and soil, consists of a sample delivery system, an optical microscope, and an atomic force microscope. The combination of microscopies facilitates the study of features from the millimeter to nanometer scale. Light-emitting diode illumination allows for full color optical imaging of the samples as well as imaging of ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence. The atomic force microscope uses an array of silicon tips and can operate in both static and dynamic mode. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union
SiO overcoating and polishing of CFRP telescope panels
No full textDevelopment of carbon fiber reinforces plastic (CFRP) panel overcoating and polishing is structured in two parts. The first part utilized a short series of experiments to determine the feasibility of overcoating and polishing CFRP panels, and the second part employes a systematic approach to optimize techniques learned. Questions which required answers in the initial investigation are summarized. Tests were performedin the Steward Observatory's 2.2 Meter Vacuum Coating Chamber and began with 3 cm square pieces of CFRP facesheet material. Next, a 10 cm square and one-inch-thick CFPR-Aluminum core panel was tested. Tests were then conducted on a 0.5-meter-square Dornier panel (QUAD 4) with CFRP facesheets on two-inch aluminum Flexcore. To complete the initial study, a previously characterized 0.5 m Dornier panel (QUAD 23) was coated and hand polished. The mirror's optical performance was not affected by the SiO coating
Low temperature optical testing of CFRP telescope panels
No full textSince 1984, low temperature optical tests were made of very lightweight mirror panels for use in balloon and space infrared and submillimeter telescopes. In order to accomplish this testing, an ambient pressure 0.5 meter test chamber operating from 20 to -80 C, developed techniques for measuring non-optical quality mirrors with phase modulation 10.6 micron interferometry, and created the interferogram reduction program. During the course of the program, nineteen mirrors from four manufactures were tested: carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel mirrors, a CFRP sandwich panel with an added glass facesheet, and carbon fiber reinforced glass panels. The results of the panel development and test program are summarized
O FENÔMENO GLASS CEILING E O ACESSO À INFORMAÇÃO: ESTUDO SOBRE AS BARREIRAS INVISÍVEIS IMPOSTAS ÁS MULHERES NO TRABALHO
No full textO artigo discute essencialmente sobre a metáfora Glass Ceiling ou Teto de Vidro, segundo o qual, existem barreiras invisíveis que dificultam o acesso das mulheres aos cargos de maiores salários e responsabilidades, ocasionando assim, a segregação hierárquica (ou vertical na estrutura organizacional) (JARMON, 2014). Ao investigar a respeito do teto de vidro, percebe-se que são várias as condições que levam a sua existência, incluindo-se a falta de acesso à informação, uma vez que o acesso à informação ajuda no combate à discriminação de gênero (PAES, 2016). O resultado do não acesso à informação produz decisões mal alicerçadas e desempenhos desastrosos. Quanto à formação e aos níveis educacionais, sabe-se não se tratar mais como uma das fragilidades no que tange à capacidade de assumir e desempenhar o trabalho, uma vez que as mulheres se tornaram maioria nas universidades. Números confirmados entre aqueles que se graduam. Sabe-se que a cultura machista ainda é encontrada dentro das empresas, sendo uma barreira já conhecida e parte da agenda de enfrentamento das mulheres trabalhadoras, representado pelo fato de não acessarem as redes de relações informais dos homens no trabalho (AKPINAR-SPOSITO, 2013, p.494). Contudo, existem mais fatores além desses que não tão claramente percebidos e que podem atuar na dificuldade de ascensão da mulher na hierarquia das empresas. Neste sentido, a investigação objetiva responder a seguinte pergunta: o teto de vidro é um fenômeno associado à ausência de acesso à informação pelas mulheres? Sendo assim, o fulcro consiste em indicar o que determina a existência deste fenômeno dentro dos espaços corporativos, destacando a falta de acesso à informação como um dos elementos que produzem um contexto de dificuldades para a atuação da mulher trabalhadora. Desta forma, esta pesquisa traz como finalidade a conscientização das empresas de que os mecanismos de exclusão, que estão inseridos dentro e fora do contexto organizacional prejudicam o crescimento profissional das mulheres e, consequentemente, um melhor desempenho. Além disso, o estudo também possibilita a contribuição de novas hipóteses para o conhecimento científico e literatura nacional, principalmente, com relação as pesquisas que seguem como fulcro a investigação de mulheres nos espaços executivos e sua participação direta no fluxo de informação. Para a execução desta pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, adotou-se como procedimentos a aplicação de questionários no formato da escala de likert mulheres que exerciam ou exercem funções em níveis hierárquicos mais elevados, as quais foram submetidas à questionamentos sobre o acesso à informação, porém de maneira comparativa à percepção que elas detêm sobre o acesso realizado pelos trabalhadores homens. Assim, as informações coletadas sugerem que as mulheres sofrem preconceitos no ambiente trabalho, e precisam enfrentar barreiras nem sempre tão invisíveis assim, pois atos de assédio moral foram relatados. Contudo, a associação entre o teto de vidro e a falta de acesso à informação está presente na literatura, mas não foi verificada entre as participantes da pesquisa
Understanding the Research Practices and Service Needs of Big Data Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University
No full textThere is no universally agreed upon definition of big data. However, in the most general terms, big data includes datasets with a size beyond the ability of commonly used tools to capture, process, transfer, and manage the data. In research enterprises, the use of big data is becoming increasingly common. Researchers collecting and analyzing big data have unique needs throughout each stage of the research lifecycle, from planning to publishing and communicating findings. Understanding researchers’ behavior related to big data activities and practices can provide librarians and information scientists with deeper insight into big data research limitations and help them develop a better understanding of their needs and challenges, which may in turn lead to better services. Libraries are actively seeking avenues to learn about and assist researchers in innovative focuses such as data education and data management. Accordingly, this study aims to understand researchers’ behaviors in big data research practices and their needs and identify opportunities to support those needs. We specifically focused on the researchers from STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) disciplines at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) holding postdoctoral, staff, or faculty status. At CMU, big data research manifests across several disciplines and conceptual areas and encompasses a wide variety of research techniques and topics, as will be discussed in this report. CMU is one of 21 universities across the United States exploring this topic under the guidance of Ithaka Strategy and Research (Ithaka S+R). Ithaka S+R is a part of ITHAKA, a nonprofit organization supporting the academic community in using digital technologies for advancing research and teaching in a sustainable manner and preserving the scholarly record. This project, titled “Supporting Big Data Research,” was launched in summer 2020 to support the organization’s goal of partnering with academic libraries to better understand faculty research support needs in the areas of big data and data science.</p
Uso dos produtos de inteligência competitiva obtidos no sistema de inteligência competitiva (SIS) SEBRAE: o caso do APL de móveis do oeste de Santa Catarina
No full textTCC (graduação em Biblioteconomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianópolisApresenta o Sistema de Inteligência Competitiva Setorial SIS/SEBRAE e seus produtos, dando enfoque ao Arranjo Produtivo Local de Móveis do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Demonstra o processo de inteligência competitiva e sua importância para os micro e pequenos empresários. Objetiva analisar o uso dos produtos de inteligência competitiva oferecidos pelo Sistema de Inteligência Competitiva SIS/SEBRAE aos empresários do APL de Móveis do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Conclui-se que os empresários fazem uso dos produtos de inteligência competitiva do SIS para agregar valor aos serviços e produtos oferecidos pelas empresas, bem como para aumentar a lucratividade e monitorar a concorrência
