1,720,984 research outputs found
Molekulardynamik-Simulationen von amyloidogenen Proteinen in Lösung: Stabilitätsuntersuchungen und Weiterentwicklung einer Kontinuumsmethode
Full text linkViele neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, wie die transmissiblen spongiformen Enzephalopathien (TSE), die Alzheimer- und die Huntington-Krankheit, sind durch charakteristische Ablagerungen im Gehirn, sogenannte Amyloide, gekennzeichnet. Amyloide sind oftmals fibrilläre Aggregate von normalerweise löslichen Proteinen, deren dreidimensionale Strukturen sich bei der Aggregation verändern. Bedauerlicherweise waren hochauflösende Methoden biophysikalischer Strukturaufklärung bislang auf Amyloide nicht anwendbar. Dagegen können Molekulardynamik (MD)-Simulationen amyloidogener Proteine und Peptide in ihrer Lösungsmittelumgebung dazu beitragen, die Mechanismen der auftretenden Konformationsänderungen zu verstehen und die Strukturen amyloider Fasern aufzuklären. Die korrekte und effiziente Beschreibung der Lösungsmittelumgebung spielt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird die Konformationsdynamik Amyloid bildender Peptide und Proteine in expliziter wässriger Umgebung untersucht. In MD-Simulationen des zellulären Prion Proteins (PrPC) werden durch Einführung der Punktmutationen M205S und M205R entscheidende Faktoren für die korrekte Faltung und strukturelle Stabilität des Proteins identifiziert. Ferner wird für die Grundstruktur der bei TSE auftretenden pathogenen Isoform PrPSc ein Modell basierend auf dem Strukturmotiv einer parallelen beta-Helix entwickelt. Analog dazu werden Peptide aus poly-Glutamin, die den mutmaßlichen Aggregationskeim bei der Huntington-Krankheit darstellen, als parallele beta-Helizes unterschiedlicher Formen und Größen modelliert. In MD-Simulationen ermitteln wir aus diesen Strukturen thermodynamisch stabile monomere und dimere Aggregationskeime. Da die erreichbaren Simulationszeiten in expliziten Lösungsmitteln verglichen mit den Zeitskalen der Proteindynamik zu kurz sind, wird im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit eine effiziente Kontinuumsmethode für Proteine in polaren Lösungsmitteln weiterentwickelt. In dieser Methode wird das durch die Polarisation des Lösungsmittels hervorgerufene Reaktionsfeld (RF) durch normalverteilte RF-Dipoldichten an den Orten der Proteinatome beschrieben. Die sich daraus ergebenden RF-Kräfte auf die Proteinatome berücksichtigen aber nicht den Druck an den dielektrischen Grenzflächen, der vom Kontinuum auf das Protein ausgeübt wird, und verletzen damit das 3. Newtonsche Gesetz. Dies führt in MD-Simulationen zu erheblichen Artefakten. In dieser Arbeit wird diese Kontinuumsmethode so umformuliert und erweitert, dass die resultierenden RF-Kräfte dem Prinzip Actio=Reactio gehorchen. Die modifizierte Kontinuumsmethode wird in ein MD-Programm implementiert und an Hand geeigneter Systeme parametrisiert. In ausgedehnten MD-Simulationen des Alanin-Dipeptids wird die Korrektheit und Effizienz der Methode demonstriert
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rechnergestützte Beschreibung der Struktur und Dynamik von Peptiden und ihren Bausteinen
Full text linkDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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