1,724,082 research outputs found
EVOLUZIONE DEL TROPISMO DI HIV-1 IN RELAZIONE ALLE MODIFICAZIONI DI LINFOCITI CD4 E VIREMIA E AL TRATTAMENTO: STUDIO PROSPETTIVO DI COORTE IN PAZIENTI CON INFEZIONE ACUTA/RECENTE E PAZIENTI AIDS PRESENTERS
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Acute infection and AIDS are more extreme phases of the natural history of HIV infection and the evolution of the virus. The acute infection represents a boost in plasma viremia, even before the immune system is able to prepare a neutralizing response to contain the infection. AIDS represents a decrease in immune competence after a stage of clinical latency.
The sequence analyses from amplification of the V3 region of gp120 within the env gene and the correlation with the development of immuno-virological profile of patients in our study allowed us to draw conclusions after comparing the two different phases of the disease.
METHODS: We enrolled 36 patients with acute/recent infection (n=20) or AIDS presenters (n=16). V3 sequences were obtained and co-receptor tropism was predicted using the Geno2pheno[coreceptor] algorithm. We analyzed various immuno-virological parameters in relation to the initial tropism of the virus: HIV-RNA, T CD4+ cells, (count and percentage) at baseline, at 6 and 12 months; T CD8+ cells (count) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio at baseline; HIV-RNA zenith and T CD4+ cells nadir. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using bioinformatic tools.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that a reconstitution of the immune system, evaluated as absolute recovery of CD4+ T cells from baseline to six months in both patient groups, showed a more favorable trend in patients with R5 compared to X4. This was most evident in acute/recent infection (R5: 256.5 cells / μL; X4: 114 cells / μL) compared to the advanced stage of AIDS (R5: 81 cells / μL; X4: 71 cells / μL). Multivariate analysis performed to assess the independent determinants of immune reconstitution showed a correlation with the two variables of considerable interest in the group of acute/recent infections: a positive correlation between the R5 tropism and the number of CD4 cells in both arms, at 6 and 12 months after therapy. Moreover, this analysis showed that, notwithstanding viral tropism, the gain in the number of CD4+ cells in the course of therapy at six months had an inverse correlation with the level of CD4+ cells at baseline. The risk associated with the advanced stage of the disease (i.e. CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/μL in the arm of AIDS presenters) in accordance with the genotypic tropism confirmed the association between low values of FPR and more advanced stages of the disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Evolution of the V3 hypervariable region of gp120 located within the env gene, determining the tropism of the virus, influences the immuno-virological trend in the two cohorts of patients with an acute/recent infection and with an AIDS presentation
Propositional Annotated Logics P tau
No full textThis chapter introduces the propositional annotated logics P tau. We present a Hilbert style axiomatization of P tau and their semantics. We show some formal results including completeness.Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, JapanUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazi
P-tau expression in the appendix/cecum across species.
No full text(A) Images of p-tau-immunoreactivity (-ir) (brown) in the myenteric ganglia (arrows) in human appendix, common marmoset and rhesus macaque ceca tissue sections counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). (B) Image of p-tau-ir in a Lewy body from human Parkinson’s disease brain tissue section. Graphs (mean ±SEM) of p-tau-ir (C, D) in muscularis externa ganglia across species. Scale bar; 25 μm. Abbreviations: �T, percent area above threshold; OD, optical density; PD, Parkinson’s disease; p-tau, phosphorylated tau.</p
Plasma p-tau and neurofilament/p-tau ratio in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Plasma-based biomarkers have shown promise for clinical implementation, but their accuracy in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) from syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has yet to be fully investigated. This study assessed the potential of plasma biomarkers for differential diagnosis. METHODS: This cohort study included 374 participants (96 AD, 278 FTLD). Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)(217), neurofilament light chain (NfL), brain-derived tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the amyloid beta(1-42/1-40) ratio were measured. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses assessed diagnostic accuracy, and a three-range threshold approach was used to stratify patients based on the most accurate biomarker. RESULTS: Plasma p-tau(217) effectively distinguished AD from FTLD, with the NfL/p-tau(217) ratio showing superior accuracy. The three-range approach identified thresholds with 95% and 97.5% sensitivity and specificity, reducing the need for cerebrospinal fluid testing by 75% and 54%, respectively. DISCUSSION: Plasma p-tau(217) and the NfL/p-tau(217) ratio are promising non-invasive biomarkers for differentiating AD from FTLD, suggesting their use as a potential alternative to traditional diagnostic methods
Plasma tau complements CSF tau and P‐tau in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
No full textIntroduction: Plasma tau may be an accessible biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and the value of combining plasma tau with CSF tau and phospho-tau (P-tau) are still unclear. Methods: Plasma-tau, CSF-tau, and P-tau were measured in 97 subjects, including elderly cognitively normal controls (n = 68) and patients with AD (n = 29) recruited at the NYU Center for Brain Health, with comprehensive neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging evaluations. Results: Plasma tau was higher in patients with AD than cognitively normal controls (P <.001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79) similarly to CSF tau and CSF P-tau and was negatively correlated with cognition in AD. Plasma and CSF tau measures were poorly correlated. Adding plasma tau to CSF tau or CSF P-tau significantly increased the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.80 and 0.82 to 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Discussion: Plasma tau is higher in AD independently from CSF-tau. Importantly, adding plasma tau to CSF tau or P-tau improves diagnostic accuracy, suggesting that plasma tau may represent a useful biomarker for AD, especially when added to CSF tau measures. © 2019 The Author
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Glial P-tau labelling.
No full text<p>Glial associated patterns of immunohistochemical labelling with AT8 antibody. (a) Striatum showing white and grey matter labelling of glial cells. (b) Detail of glial cells in hippocampus showing stellate morphology. (c) Further detail of glia labelling showing stellate pattern and loss of glial cytoplasm with maintained peripheral rim of labelling. (d) Control cow brain with encephalic listeriosis. No labelling for P-tau is present. Bars: a = 200μm; b = 100μm; c = 20μm; d = 200μm.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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