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Erratum to: Proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients (Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, (2013), 25, S1, (85-87), 10.1007/s40520-013-0078-x)
No full textIn the original publication of the article, the name of the third author was incorrectly published as C. Capra. However, the correct name should read as P. Capra
L'Anatolia / G. Capra
No full textL'Anatolia / G. Capra
Torino : Pubblicazione dell'Italica gens, 1920
139 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Tit. della cop
The analysis of the methylome of Capra hircus
No full textMethylation at the carbon 5 position of cytosine residues is among the best studied epigenetic modification, and a fundamental layer of cellular differentiation through the control of transcriptional potential. DNA methylation patterns can be inherited and influenced by environment, diet and aging, and disrupted in diseases. Complete DNA methylomes for several organisms are now available, helping to clarify the evolutionary story of this epigenetic mark and its distribution in key genomic elements. At the present, methylome of the domestic goat, Capra hircus is unexplored, and hence to contribute information on epigenetic modification in the species, we analyzed the methylome of two tissues, ovary and hypothalamus, from 3 adult Saanen goats.
DNA methylation patterns are increasingly studied using high throughput sequencing methods. In order to evaluate differentially methylated region, we used Methylated DNA binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq), with enrichment of methylated DNA fragments and next generation sequencing (NGS - Hiseq 2000 Illumina).
We produced least 23 million reads per sample, which were aligned to the goat reference genome with a minimum success rate of 97.5%. Further analyses were performed to identify peaks corresponding to hyper-methylated regions. Matching the methylation pattern of hypothalamus versus ovaries of the three goats under study we found 4687 methylated fragments showing significant differences (P < 0.001) between tissues. Chromosomes 19 and 23 showed the highest density of methylated fragment, respectively every 0.56 Mb and 0.52 Mb in ovaries. Chromosomes 19 and 25 had the highest density of methylated fragment in the hypothalamus, every 0.58 Mb for both the chromosomes. The chromosome with least methylated fragments was the X, with a statistically significant (P < 0.001) methylated fragment every 9.38 Mb in the ovaries and 6.42 Mb in the hypothalamus. This is the first work dealing with methylome in Capra hircus: the outcoming pioneering preliminary results could be helpful for a deeper comprehension of the complex epigenetic machinery
DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Levels in Hypothalamus and Ovary of Capra hircus Across the Genome
No full textHypothalamus and ovary are two key organs of the female reproduction system of mammals. Their role in controlling ovulation is well known, but the epigenetic mechanisms behind it, such as DNA methylation, remain unclear. Goats are an important source of milk, meat and fiber, especially in developing countries. Despite this, among economically relevant livestock species, they are still poorly investigated from a genomic point of view. The aim of this work is to find a relation between expression levels and methylation levels, in order to understand how methylation peaks in different gene regions affect gene expression in goat hypothalamus and ovary. Genome-wide methylated CpG detection and gene expression analysis in hypothalamus and ovary of three adult Saanen goats were performed. Animals in the study were managed according to the existing European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. For the methylome analysis DNA binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq) with enrichment of methylated DNA fragments was performed. Gene expression was evaluated by RNA-Seq analysis. Sequencing was accomplished with Hiseq 2000 Illumina. Around 23-37 million raw sequencing reads were generated from each sample for the methylome analysis. Methylation distribution was investigated in six different genomic regions: promoter, intron, exon, downstream of gene, distal and intergenic. Matching the methylation pattern in hypothalamus and ovaries in contrast to their transcriptome allowed the identification of genomic regions in which methylation peaks most affect gene expression. Hypothalamus showed a highly significant negative correlation (P<0.001) between methylation peaks in promoter and in downstream regions and gene expression. A positive correlation (P<0.001) was observed within exons. Conversely, ovary did not show any significant consistent correlation between gene expression and methylation. This work provides evidence for a clearer understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying gene regulation. A more accurate annotation of the goat genome will be necessary for a deeper insight in the role of DNA methylation in gene expression in Capra hircus, a candidate model species for other mammals
A first glance on the epigenome of Capra hircus
No full textDNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNA) are two important forms of epigenetic modifications that play an important role in gene regulation in animals. Methylation at the carbon 5 position of cytosine residues is a fundamental layer of cellular differentiation through the control of transcriptional potential. MiRNA are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. Complete DNA methylomes for several organisms are now available; at the present, methylome of the domestic goat is unexplored. There is also still limited knowledge about miRNAs expression profiles in small ruminant species. Therefore, to contribute information on epigenetic modification in Capra hircus, we analysed the methylome and the miRNA population of three tissues (hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary) from 3 adult Saanen goats. We used Methylated DNA binding domain sequencing with enrichment of methylated DNA fragments and next generation sequencing. We produced least 23 million reads per sample, which were aligned to the goat reference genome. Further analyses were performed to identify peaks corresponding to hyper-methylated regions. We sequenced miRNAs expressed in the three tissues with Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Reads were mapped on the Capra hircus reference genome and both known and novel miRNAs, and miRNA target sites were identified using information collected in miRBase and using specific bioinformatic tools. This study produced a comprehensive miRNA profile related to the biology of goat. Furthermore, this is the first work dealing with methylome in Capra hircus: our preliminary results could provide new information for a deeper comprehension of epigenetic mechanisms of this species
DNA methylation pattern of hypothalamus and ovary in Capra hircus
No full textOne of the key determinants in the control of gene expression in mammals, and the most commoncovalent modification of DNA in eukaryotes, is methylation at the carbon 5 of cytosine residues.DNA methylation patterns can be inherited and influenced by environment, diet and aging, and disrupted in diseases. Although methylomes from several tissues were investigated in some species, goats are still unexplored.We analysedthe methylome of hypothalamus and ovary from 3 adult Saanen goats, trying to take the first steps on the potential epigenetic involvement in goat biology.
In order to evaluate differentially methylated regions, we used Methylated DNA binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq), with enrichment of methylated DNA fragments and next generation sequencing (NGS- Hiseq2000 Illumina).We produced atleast 20 million reads per sample, covering an average of about 30% of the goat genome. Further analyses were performed to identify peaks corresponding to hyper-methylated regions. Chromosomes 12 and 20 showed the lowest density of methylated fragments on both tissues, while chromosomes 18 and 19 the highest.
We also investigated methylation distribution in the different genomic regions: promoter, intron, exon, downstream of gene, distal and intergenic. Introns showed the highest methylation frequency on both hypothalamus (34.6% on the total of the region detected) and ovary (39.1%).Matching the methylation pattern of hypothalamus versus ovaries of the three goats under study we looked for the biological and molecular pathways involving genes with tissue-specific methylation peaks. Pathways with the highest p-values (P < 0.001) affect RNA binding in ovary, and regulation of the immune system processes in hypothalamus.
This is the first work dealing with a global methylation pattern in Capra hircus: our pioneering results could be helpful for a deeper comprehension of the complex epigenetic machinery in this species
UV-curable coatings for energy harvesting applications: Current state-of-the-art and future perspectives
No full textGenerally speaking, energy harvesting is an up-to-date technology that describes the possibility of capturing small amounts of energy (thermal, solar, or mechanical) from the surroundings and storing them as electrical energy for later uses when needed. Among the energy harvesting systems, the use of piezoelectric thin films and coatings is gaining increasing interest from both the academic and industrial communities, as these systems allow for the design and development of micro- and nano-scale devices, thanks to the possibility of being micromachined and to the added functionality offered by the electromechanical coupling. These peculiarities justify their use for different applications, ranging from high energy density harvesters to high sensitivity sensors, and even low power consumption and large displacement actuators. Further, the current focus of the research on piezoelectric energy harvesting coatings is shifting from fully inorganic to hybrid organic-inorganic (i.e., composite) systems, as the latter can offer higher flexibility (i.e., lower stiffness), making them more sensitive to small vibrations and therefore suitable for these specific harvesting conditions. In this regard, photoinduced polymerization (the so-called "UV-curing") has become a suitable and reliable technique for the manufacturing of piezoelectric composite systems, as it is a solvent-free approach that allows for transforming a liquid mixture of monomers/oligomers into a solid 3D network in a few seconds, with a very limited energy consumption and a very high conversion. Besides, as the UV-curing process is very fast, the dispersed ceramic piezoelectric phase is not prone to settle down in the liquid resin, hence ensuring its homogeneous distribution within the polymer network after curing and better piezoelectric performance. The present review aims to provide the reader with an up-to-date overview of UV-curable coatings for piezoelectric energy harvesting purposes, highlighting their potential and piezoelectric features; further, some perspectives about possible future developments will be proposed
La ricomposizione ambientale delle aree di cava a cielo aperto: il ruolo delle pedotecnologie
No full textTaratura di calibratori multifunzione di alto Livello nelle funzioni resistenza in corrente continua e corrente continua.
No full textIl rapporto tecnico descrive la procedura di taratura automatica nelle funzioni Resistenza in corrente continua e corrente continua di calibratori di alto livello comunemente impiegati per il mantenimento della riferibilità elettrica delle grandezze citate, per i processi di scala e di disseminazione. Il metodo utilizzato per la resistenza si basa su un set di resistori campione tarati presso altri laboratori dell’Istituto Nazionale di INRIM con riferibilità al campione nazionale di Resistenza. Essi sono di valore decadico e compresi nel campo da 1 a 100 M in dotazione al laboratorio per la taratura di strumenti multifunzione programmabili dell’IRIM (INRIM-Lab). Tramite un metodo di sostituzione automatico avvalendosi di un multimetro di elevata precisione quale strumento trasferitore della riferibilità, è possibile tarare il calibratore nel medesimo campo di resistenza con incertezze comprese tra 1,1×106 e 2,1×105. Per la taratura in corrente continua, la procedura si attua in due fasi: nella prima viene tarato il multimetro in funzione Tensione Continua e successivamente utilizzato per leggere la caduta di tensione su opportuni resistori campione alimentati in Corrente continua dal calibratore in taratura. Tramite tale metodo è possibile tarare il calibratore nel campo da 10 A a 100 A con incertezze comprese tra 1,7×106 e 1,0×104
Lyric Oblivion: When Sappho Taught Socrates how to Forget
No full textGiven the limits of our human nature, oblivion can hardly be excluded from the scene of memory: most of the time, remembering involves a more or less conscious selection , whereby our memories are made possible precisely by our acts of forgetfulness. Yet the polarity between memory and oblivion is as much a cultural as a natural fact. However fascinated by glory and memory as the highest goal of human striving, Plato’s fellow Greeks encouraged and praised various forms of forgetfulness. Th is, I will argue, paved the way for a radical solution, which sees the polarity in terms of a direct correlation that emphasises the positive role of oblivion: in the Phaedrus , the highest and best form of memory, that is the metaphysical recollection of the Forms , turns out to be inseparable from an extreme act of forgetfulness, which consists in the erasing of all earthly concerns. 1 I refer to this act as ‘lyric oblivion’ because it emerges from Plato’s hitherto unnoticed reworking of Sappho’s ‘Ode to Helen ’, a poem that emphasises oblivion in the context of a pioneering juxtaposition of memory and recollection. Plato, I will argue, shapes his notion of both oblivion and memory through and against Sappho
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