881 research outputs found
Environments of Exposure and Exchange
No full textBOOK CHAPTER
Nigel Bertram and Shane Murray, Environments of Exposure and Exchange, in Nigel Bertram and Shane Murray (eds) 38 South: Urban Architecture Laboratory 2002-2004, Melbourne: RMIT University Press, 2005, pp4-8.
ISBN: 0864593600
EDITED BOOK
Nigel Bertram and Shane Murray (eds) 38 South: Urban Architecture Laboratory 2002-2004, RMIT University Press, Melbourne, 2005
ISBN0864593600
PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE
Simon Anderson, Book Review: 38 South, in Monument #71, February 2006, p.10
Globalizing resistance against war? : a critical analysis of the theoretical debate through a case study of the "new" anti-war movement in Britain
No full textThe study engages with a controversial theoretical debate on ‘global resistance’ in the context of the anti-war movement. Through an empirical case study of four anti-war organizations in Britain, the thesis critically evaluates dominant globalist theoretical discourses and their state-centric critiques from the perspective of ‘critical theory in political practice’ and seeks to develop the theoretical debate further. Acting as a critical mediator in between the metatheories and micropolitics of resistance, the author examines how the theoretical discourses ‘resonate’ with the premises of the current anti-war movement; what the theories fail to consider in terms of political practice; and to which extent the values and normative visions embedded in their broader political projects relate to the movement.
The research demonstrates that the connection between the theories and the political practice is not only inadequate but also problematic in many regards. The divergences between the globalist frameworks and the premises of the movement are particularly substantial; convergence with the state-centric approach is found more often. Although it also succeeds in illustrating serious problems in the globalist frameworks, the thesis argues that the state-centric approach is not without problems either. All three theoretical approaches have a problematic tendency to resort to a dualistic ‘either-or’ logic in conceptualizing power, effective strategies and the primary context of resistance which represents a clear diversion from the understandings held within the movement where analyses and conceptions are overlapping and mixed, echoing often a ‘both-and’ approach. The globalist frameworks are problemactic also because in conceptualizing the multitude and global civil society as consensual global political collectives, they fail to take into account political conflicts and power struggles within the movement. The study shows that below the surface there are many political conflicts and struggles going on. Transforming the movement into something more permanent and global is an extremely challenging endeavor, one that cannot be established ‘from above’.
Instead of defining their political projects of resistance in a way which enables their conceptualizations to be detached from practice and their normative visions and suggestions to diverge from the premises of the movement, the theories must closely engage with the movement in order to establish an emancipatory dialogue in the true sense of critical theory. The study contributes insights for developing the theoretical debate further, suggesting that a ‘both-and’ approach instead of an ‘either-or’ would not only reflect more accurately how the relationship between the local and global – and many other concepts as well – are conceived within the movement, but would also provide a more productive and comprehensive perspective for conceptualizing power and resistance in the context of social movements generally. While revealing many ongoing political conflicts and power struggles between the organizations studied, the thesis brings forward problems and tensions also within the movement and suggests it would benefit from a more open discussion about the complex relationship between unity and diversity.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Coping with traumatic memories: second world war veterans' experiences of social support in relation to the narrative coherence of war memories
Get PDFThis paper reports a qualitative study that used narrative analysis to explore how social support helps many armed-services veterans cope with traumatic memories.The analysis was carried out on two levels, that of narrative form (level of narrative coherence), argued to be indicative of reconciliation, and narrative content(themes of social support), which allowed exploration of the types of social support experienced by veterans with coherent, reconciled and incoherent narratives.Ten British male Second World War veterans were interviewed regarding their war experiences, presence of traumatic memories, and experiences of social support from comrades, family and society. Different patterns of support were qualitatively related to coherent, reconciled and incoherent narratives. Veteranswith coherent narratives were no less likely to have experienced traumatic events than those with reconciled or incoherent narratives, but they reported more positiveperceptions of their war experience and of the war’s outcomes, more positive experiences of communication with family in later life, and more positive perceptionsof societal opinion. The results are discussed in relation to how veteranscan be supported by family and friends to reconcile their traumatic memories, thus to lessen the burden in later life when vital support resources may be unavailable
Open data and charities
No full textOpen data involves a paradigm shift in the way organisations manage their information and data: moving from a default of charities keeping data resources locked up in underused internal systems, to building a shared ‘Web of Data’. The emergence of the open data movement has supported powerful new models of creativity, innovation and public engagement.Although most of the recent stories of progress and success in the open data field come from government and research where open data is more established, this report sets out to explain the ways in which open data is increasingly coming to play a role in the charitable sector. Existing open government data can be used by charities to add value to their work, to target services better, to improve advocacy and fundraising, and to support knowledge sharing and collaboration between different charities and agencies. Crowdsourcing of open data also offers a new way for charities to gather intelligence, and a wide range of freely available online tools can support charities to analyse open data resources. Realising the potential of open data will require charities to meet a number of technical and organisational challenges. Indeed many charities will need to address key issues relating to open data, whether they choose to pursue benefits from open data or not (as regulatory, funding and performance indication is published online by researchers, by government and by others in the sector).This report reviews open data as it relates to the charitable sector, drawing on long experience of developing open data in research and government, as well as early work exploring open data with charities and third-sector organisations. It defines open data, describes the background context of a knowledge economy, and outlines key opportunities and challenges of open data in the charity sector.On the basis of this overview and analysis of the field, the report sets out in more detail a number of options for the further development of open data practices in the charitable sector, via five recommendations derived from the analysis
Mercury resistance determinants related to Tn21, Tn1696, and Tn5053 in enterobacteria from the preantibiotic era
No full textThree mer transposons from the Murray collection of preantibiotic enterobacteria show >99% sequence identity to current isolates. Tn5073 is most closely related to Tn5036 and Tn1696, and Tn5074 is most closely related to Tn5053. Tn5075 is most closely related to Tn21 but lacks integron In2 and is flanked by insertion elements.Ashraf M. M. Essa, Daniel J. Julian, Stephen P. Kidd, Nigel L. Brown, and Jon L. Hobma
Baseline characteristics of participants in the ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) study
No full textAbstract not availableJohn J. McNeil, Robyn L. Woods, Mark R. Nelson, Anne M. Murray, Christopher M. Reid, Brenda Kirpach, Elsdon Storey, Raj C. Shah, Rory S. Wolfe, Andrew M. Tonkin, Anne B. Newman, Jeff D. Williamson, Jessica E. Lockery, Karen L. Margolis, Michael E. Ernst, Walter P. Abhayaratna, Nigel Stocks, Sharyn M. Fitzgerald, Ruth E. Trevaks, Suzanne G. Orchard, Lawrence J. Beilin, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Peter Gibbs, Colin I. Johnston, and Richard H. Grimm, on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Grou
The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on the risk of adverse events following joint replacement: a real-world cohort study
Get PDFPurpose: To assess whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a greater risk of adverse events following total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) than osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: Individuals with a diagnosis of RA or OA were identified using primary care records. TKR and THR following diagnosis were identified using linked hospital records. Myocardial infarction (MI), prosthetic joint infection (PJI), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and death were identified within 90 days following surgery, and revision procedures over 10 years following surgery. The impact of RA compared to OA on the risk for these adverse events was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Univariable models, with diagnosis as the only explanatory variable, and multivariable models, with age, gender, and year of surgery first added and then a measure of other comorbidities also included, were estimated. Results: In all 20,763 individuals, with 10,260 TKR and 10,961 THR, were included in the analysis. Compared to those with OA, individuals with a diagnosis of RA had a greater incidence of MI over 90 days following TKR (OA: 0.28%, RA: 0.75%) and revision over 10 years following THR (OA: 5.55%, RA: 8.68%). Both of these differences were statistically significant with, for example, hazard ratios of 3.54 (1.44 to 8.73) for MI and 1.61 (1.06 to 2.46) for revision after controlling for age, gender, year of surgery, and other comorbidities. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, compared to individuals with OA, those with RA have an increased short-term risk of MI following TKR. While risk of MI remains below 1%, this does underline the importance of the management of cardiovascular risk factors for those with RA. RA was also associated with an increased long-term risk of revision following THR, which strengthens the argument for investing in therapies which may prevent the need for joint replacement.</p
The association between hip morphology parameters and nineteen-year risk of end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip: a nested case-control study.
Get PDFObjective. Subtle deformities of the hip joint areimplicated in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) of thehip. Parameters that quantify these deformities may aidunderstanding of these associations. We undertook thisstudy to examine relationships between such parametersand the 19-year risk of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for end-stage OA.Methods. A new software program designed formeasuring morphologic parameters around the hip wasdeveloped and validated in a reliability study. THA wasthe outcome measure for end-stage OA. A nested case–control study was used with individuals from a cohort of1,003 women who were recruited at year 1 in 1989 andfollowed up to year 20 (the Chingford Study). All hipswith THA by year 20 and 243 randomly selected controlhips were studied. Pelvis radiographs obtained at year 2were analyzed for variations in hip morphology. Measurementswere compared between the THA case groupand the control group.Results. Patients with THA had a higher prevalenceof cam deformity than did their respective controls(median alpha angle 62.4° versus 45.8° [P ? 0.001];mean modified triangular index height 28.5 mm versus26.9 mm [P ? 0.001]) as well as a higher prevalence ofacetabular dysplasia (mean lateral center edge angle29.5° versus 34.3° [P ? 0.001]; median extrusion index0.25 versus 0.185 [P ? 0.009]). Logistic regressionanalyses clustering by subject and adjusting for radiographichip OA at year 2 showed that these morphologicparameters were still significantly associated with THAby year 20. The alpha angle and lateral center edgeangle predicted the risk of THA independently whenincluded in the same model.Conclusion. This investigation describes measurementsthat predict the risk of THA for end-stage OAby year 20, independently of the presence of radiographichip OA at year 2. These measurements can bemade on an anteroposterior pelvis radiograph, which isan inexpensive and commonly used clinical method ofinvestigation
The effect of rheumatoid arthritis on patient reported outcomes following knee and hip replacement: evidence from routinely collected data
Get PDFObjectivesTo compare outcomes of total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) for individuals with RA and OA.MethodsWe performed a cohort study using routinely collected data. Oxford Knee Score, Oxford Hip Score, and EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaires were collected before and 6 months after surgery. Multivariable regressions were used to estimate the association between diagnosis and post-operative scores after controlling for pre-operative scores and patient characteristics.ResultsStudy cohorts included 2070 OA and 142 RA patients for TKR and 2030 OA and 98 RA patients for THR. Following TKR, the median Oxford Knee Score was 37 [interquartile range (IQR) 29–43] for OA and 36 (27–42) for RA while the median EQ-5D-3L was 0.76 (0.69–1.00) and 0.69 (0.52–0.85), respectively. After THR, the Oxford Hip Score was 42 (IQR 36–46) for OA and 39 (30–44) for RA while the EQ-5D-3L was 0.85 (0.69–1.00) and 0.69 (0.52–1.00), respectively. The estimated effect of RA, relative to OA, on post-operative scores was −0.05 (95% CI −1.57, 1.48) for the Oxford Knee Score, −0.09 (−0.13, −0.06) for the EQ-5D-3L following TKR, −1.35 (−2.93, −0.22) for the Oxford Hip Score, and −0.08 (−0.12, −0.03) for the EQ-5D-3L following THR.ConclusionTKR and THR led to substantial improvements in joint-specific scores and overall quality of life. While diagnosis had no clinically meaningful effect on joint-specific outcomes, improvements in general quality of life were somewhat less for those with RA, which is likely due to the systemic and multijoint nature of rheumatoid disease
The Open Research Web: A Preview of the Optimal and the Inevitable
No full textThe multiple online research impact metrics we are developing will allow the rich new database , the Research Web, to be navigated, analyzed, mined and evaluated in powerful new ways that were not even conceivable in the paper era – nor even in the online era, until the database and the tools became openly accessible for online use by all: by researchers, research institutions, research funders, teachers, students, and even by the general public that funds the research and for whose benefit it is being conducted: Which research is being used most? By whom? Which research is growing most quickly? In what direction? under whose influence? Which research is showing immediate short-term usefulness, which shows delayed, longer term usefulness, and which has sustained long-lasting impact? Which research and researchers are the most authoritative? Whose research is most using this authoritative research, and whose research is the authoritative research using? Which are the best pointers (“hubs”) to the authoritative research? Is there any way to predict what research will have later citation impact (based on its earlier download impact), so junior researchers can be given resources before their work has had a chance to make itself felt through citations? Can research trends and directions be predicted from the online database? Can text content be used to find and compare related research, for influence, overlap, direction? Can a layman, unfamiliar with the specialized content of a field, be guided to the most relevant and important work? These are just a sample of the new online-age questions that the Open Research Web will begin to answer
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