315 research outputs found

    Does "Knowledge" affect innovation in small and medium firms?

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    The paper analyze empirically the probability and the intensity of innovation in small and medium firms. Besides traditional variables such as the firm’s dimension and sector which are known to boost innovation, more emphasis is place on whether the level of firm’s knowledge, captured by human capital and networks, has a positive impact on the probability and intensity of innovation. To investigate the relation between innovation and knowledge a Probit and a Poisson regression model applied to an ad hoc survey OPIS (Permanent Observatory on Enterprises in the province of Salerno). This survey provides information on a representative sample of manufactured firms from a province of Southern Italy. The principal results confirm that on one hand both the entrepreneur and workers’ human capital has a positive impact on innovation and on the other also networks inside the firms, through the decision making participation of the workers shows a positive impact on innovation. The productive chain the firm belongs to is considered the most important external network in terms of knowledge and innovation

    A technical refiniment to prevent supratip deformity in aesthetic rhinoplasty:"the trapezoid peak"

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    Background: The relationship between appropriate caudal dorsum resection and supratip deformity or inadequate tip projection currently is clear. Correct quadrangular cartilage management seems to have a basic role in the final tip aspect after aesthetic rhinoplasty. Methods: Primary aesthetic rhinoplasty was performed for 38 Caucasian patients. A septal refinement was used for patients requiring extra tip support and not requiring grafts. Results: The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. No supratip deformity was noted after surgery. The tip and midvault had adequate projection. Conclusions: The described maneuver sustains the alar cartilage without sutures, preventing supratip deformity, sustaining soft tissues, and avoiding loss of tip projection

    Universal field matching in craniospinal irradiation by a background-dose gradient-optimized method

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    Purpose: The gradient-optimized methods are overcoming the traditional feathering methods to plan field junctions in craniospinal irradiation. In this note, a new gradient-optimized technique, based on the use of a background dose, is described. Methods: Treatment planning was performed by RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden) on the CT scans of a pediatric patient. Both proton (by pencil beam scanning) and photon (by volumetric modulated arc therapy) treatments were planned with three isocenters. An 'in silico' ideal background dose was created first to cover the upper-spinal target and to produce a perfect dose gradient along the upper and lower junction regions. Using it as background, the cranial and the lower-spinal beams were planned by inverse optimization to obtain dose coverage of their relevant targets and of the junction volumes. Finally, the upper-spinal beam was inversely planned after removal of the background dose and with the previously optimized beams switched on. Results: In both proton and photon plans, the optimized cranial and the lower-spinal beams produced a perfect linear gradient in the junction regions, complementary to that produced by the optimized upper-spinal beam. The final dose distributions showed a homogeneous coverage of the targets. Discussion: Our simple technique allowed to obtain high-quality gradients in the junction region. Such technique universally works for photons as well as protons and could be applicable to the TPSs that allow to manage a background dose
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