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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Interferenza basso-tedesca nei testi lettoni antichi: l’espressione della (in)definitezza

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    In this paper I briefly analyse how the categories of definiteness and indefiniteness are expressed in Old Latvian (16th–17th cent.). It is well known that the first texts written in this language were mostly translations from Middle Low German. After pointing out the differences between the strategies adopted in Old and in Modern Standard Latvian, I recall the systematic correspondence between the Old Latvian constructions and their German sources. Taking into account the sociolinguistic context of these documents, the diachronic evolution of such constructions, and the theory of grammaticalisation, it is possible to conclude that the use of the numeral ‘1’ as a marker of indefiniteness in Old Latvian reflects the interference of Middle Low German. On the other hand, the use of demonstratives as markers of definiteness remains under debate

    Esempi, antiesempi e controesempi nella tradizione grammaticale donatiana

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    Il contributo analizza l'uso degli esempi nella grammatica latina di Donato e in due suoi successori

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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