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    Use of Small Earthquake Records To Determine the Source Time Functions of Larger Earthquakes - An Alternative Method and An Application

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    Small earthquake records are increasingly being used as empirical Green's functions to estimate the source time functions (STFs) of large earthquakes. This is generally accomplished in the frequency domain by computing the ratio of the large to the small event spectrum and then transforming it back to the time domain, When the data quality is poor, the resulting STFs often show unrealistic long-period signal and short-period oscillation, In this study we propose an alternative method in which a large-event STF is approximated by a series of pseudotriangular pulses whose parameters are determined by a nonlinear frequency-domain inversion, involving the spectrum of the large and the small events, The method allows a ''positivity'' constraint to be imposed on the STF. The misfit between the observed and computed large-event seismograms is measured in the frequency domain over the range of frequency in which the data are reliable. We present tests of the method on synthetic data and on earthquake records from Mexico, both of which show the robustness of the method, The quality of the solution is dependent on the quality of the input data, As the input data become more bandlimited and more noisy, the reliability and usefulness of the solution will decrease

    Integration of CGPS and meteorological data for atmospheric precipitable water retrieval: some case histories concerning the Campania Region

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    This research deals with an application of GPS technique in meteorology aimed mainly at weather hazard mitigation. We report on the analysis of the observed tropospheric delay on some continuous GPS (CGPS) stations belonging to the RING (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS) Italian network and NeVoCGPS (Neapolitan Volcanoes Continuous GPS) network. Mainly we focus on the potentialities coming from the integration among meteorological observations (air pressure, temperature, humidity, rain and satellite radio images) and CGPS data in studying the time evolution of the atmospheric precipitable water PW. We report on some selected extreme meteorological events set up on the Campania region

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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