1,721,058 research outputs found
Een interdisciplinaire kijk op mediaopvoeding Hedendaagse praktijken van ouderlijk toezicht op mediagebruik door adolescenten
No full textThe effects of parental mediation of adolescents’ media use cannot be explained by considering parents’ behaviour only. A good understanding of parental mediation practices benefits from systematic cross-fertilization between insights from media studies and communication sciences on the one hand and pedagogy and developmental psychology on the other. In our literature review, we argue that parental mediation practices are just as important as the underlying thoughts, feelings and goals. Furthermore, we discuss parental mediation from the perspective of the literature on parenting dimensions. By accounting for the dimensions of support and control, we gain a better understanding of the possible effects. This article provides practical insights into the challenges and recent developments in the field of media education, and presents a conceptual framework for comprehensive empirical follow-up research.edition: Themanummer jeugd en mediastatus: Publishe
Blooming Sexuality: A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Development
No full textThe aim of this dissertation was to examine adolescent romantic and sexual development, in a biopsychosocial model, in which physical, psychological, and social contextual factors are considered. The findings of this dissertation show the importance of individual factors such as pubertal status and timing, and personality in (risky) sexual behavior. Specifically, the findings show that adolescents with a more advanced pubertal status, and earlier pubertal timing engaged in more (risky) sexual behavior during adolescence. Further, the findings show personality differences in sexual behavior, casual sexual behavior, and risky sexual behavior at baseline, but not in the rate of sexual development over time. In addition, the role of peers and media in interaction with individual factors was examined. The findings show that puberty affects boys and girls differently, both in peer social status and romantic and sexual involvement. Further, the findings show that adolescents selected friends based on similarity in sexual intention—only for low emotionally stable adolescents. These findings stress the importance of not studying adolescent sexuality in isolation from peers and friends, and of including individual factors such as personality that may moderate the impact of peers. To broaden our focus on adolescent development with a more distal factor, sexualized media was included as a potential correlate of adolescents’ permissive sexual attitudes. The findings show that the mutually correlated development of sexualized media consumption and permissive sexual attitudes was stronger for those adolescents who perceived sexualized media to be more realistic. Finally, well-being of sexual minority adolescents and young adults was examined, with minority stress as an important predictor of sexual minority youth’s well-being. The findings show that minority stress was related to LGB youth feeling more like a burden to the people around them and that this higher level of perceived burdensomeness was, in turn, related to higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation. The findings also show that being involved in a romantic relationship can protect sexual minority youth from the negative impact of expected rejection on their psychological well-being. These findings stress the importance of examining underlying mechanisms that may help explain the relation between minority stress and mental health disparities among LGB youth, and to extend research to include potential buffers of the impact of minority stress. The findings in the current dissertation emphasize the importance of including both physical and psychological factors such as pubertal development and personality in research. Moreover, the findings of this dissertation show that it is vital to consider the peer- and media context in which adolescents often have their first romantic and sexual experiences. As such, factors related to adolescents’ agency in their own development, as well as social factors that stimulate or discourage a healthy sexual development (e.g., supportive peer relations and agency-stimulating cultural norms around sexuality) need to be included in future research
When the village gets bombed:Parenting in the aftermath of war and refuge
Get PDFThis dissertation aimed to unravel how parenting practices take shape in the aftermath of war and refuge. A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis using meta-analytical structural equation model (MASEM; k = 38, N = 55,000) showed that war-exposure casts its effects on children’s internalizing and externalizing problems partly directly, and partly indirectly through reduced parental warmth and increased harshness, but not through reduced or increased behavioral control. A meta-synthesis (k = 10, N = 1,042) nuanced these linear patterns, suggesting that the impact of war exposure on parenting depends on the nature of the exposure, with bereavement resulting in more and rape in less parental warmth.In-depth interviews with 27 refugee parents explored how the accumulation and dissipation of stressors along the refugee process changed parenting. In displacement, parents generally resorted more towards harshness, while in resettlement some parents resorted more to communication and limit setting and relied less on harshness.In addition, 55 refugee parents reported up to 10 times a day on symptoms of post-migration stress, parental self-efficacy, and supporting the autonomy of their children. Our dynamic structural equation modelling (DSEM) showed that parental self-efficacy played a key role in explaining why when refugee parents experienced more post-migration stress they grant their children less autonomy.Lastly, a randomized within-subject experimental design with 53 refugee parents using Interrupted Time Series Analysis within a DSEM framework showed that a brief intervention can (a) strengthen parental self-efficacy among refugee parents and (b) render parental self-efficacy less contingent on post-migration stress
Effects of Kanjertraining (Topper Training) on Emotional Problems, Behavioural Problems and Classroom Climate
No full textReducing difficulties in social interactions and negative classroom climate at an early age may prevent escalation into severe problems that are harder to treat and save society from the associated costs and risks. Topper Training (Kanjertraining in Dutch) has been widely implemented in Dutch schools and mental healthcare centres as a preventive and curative programme for 4- to 15-year-olds. The programme aims to reduce social problems and to improve classroom climate. Given the scarcity of intervention studies in the Netherlands, it is highly relevant to study the effectiveness of Topper Training. Therefore, the main aim of this dissertation is to study the effectiveness of Topper Training. In addition, the quality of the Topper questionnaire is examined, measuring social functioning of 8- to 13-year-olds. The dissertation starts with a literature review on risk and protective factors for positive social interaction. Topper Training is directed at many of the evidence-based effective elements (i.e., cognitive behavioural strategies, parent involvement, group training) and includes two additional characterizing elements: activating children’s latent intentions to behave prosocially and making children aware of their responsibility for their own behaviour (‘I can choose how to act’). Chapter 3 demonstrates that the Topper questionnaire is able to reliably and validly measure four distinctive aspects of social functioning: Negative intentions, Unhappy & Gloomy, Prosocial and Restless & Disruptive behaviour. Normative data are based on a representative sample of 10,552 primary school children aged 8 to 13 in the Netherlands. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 provide the first indications of the effectiveness of Topper Training in schools and in mental healthcare centres. Chapter 4 describes a quasi-experimental study on 696 children aged 8 to 13. Fourteen disruptive primary school classes in urgent need for help were trained and were compared to fourteen classes of the same schools. Psychologists delivered the program, including a parent evening and 15 hours of training in class with parents. After correction for pre-test differences, significant effects were found for relationship with the teacher, perceived social acceptance, self-esteem, depressed mood and prosocial behaviour.Chapter 5 and 6 examined the effectiveness of Topper Training in a mental healthcare setting directed at eight-to-eleven-year-olds with mild to severe problems in social interaction. Psychologists delivered the programme consisting of 10 lessons of 1,5 hour directed at children and their parents. In Chapter 5 we used a quasi-experimental design on 185 intervention and 39 waitlist control children. Significant effects were found for parent-reported overall problems, internalising, externalizing and social relationship problems, aggression and withdrawn depressed mood. We found no effects for rule breaking and thought problems. In Chapter 6 we used a randomised controlled trial on 77 intervention and 55 waitlist control children. We found significant effects on parent-reported (but not teacher-reported) emotional problems, peer problems, and impact of the problems. Teachers reported a significant effect on conduct problems. No effects were found on prosocial behaviour. Children reported a significant effect on self-worth and child-perceived victimization of bullying. All effects persisted over a 6-month period
Gender nonconformity, same-sex attraction, and mental health
Get PDFResearch among lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) youth indicate that gender nonconformity is associated with lower mental health, in part because of greater exposure to peer victimization. There is some evidence suggesting that gender nonconformity also affects heterosexual adolescents’ peer relations and mental health. Prior studies that assessed sex differences in the relations of gender nonconformity with victimization/rejection and mental health are inconsistent. To fill these gaps, this dissertation adressed: (1) differences between sexual minority and heterosexual youth in how gender nonconformity is related to experiences of peer victimization, and subsequent mental health outcomes; (2) sex differences in how gender nonconformity affects mental health through internalized homophobia and experiences of (homophobic) victimization; and (3) the positive influence of parental acceptance for the mental health of gender-nonconforming and sexual minority youth. The findings show that gender nonconformity was associated with lower wellbeing, in part because of greater experience with victimization. For young adolescents only, these associations were stronger for same-sex attracted youth and also stronger boys. For gay and bisexual adult men only, gender nonconformity was associated with lower mental health, because of greater exposure to homophobic stigmatization. For LGB adult men and women, gender nonconformity was associated with lower mental health problems, via reduced levels of internalized homophobia. Among boys high levels of paternal acceptance buffered negative mental health outcomes associated with gender nonconformity. For girls high levels of maternal acceptance buffered against negative mental health outcomes associated with same-sex attraction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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