30 research outputs found
Contrast sensitivity for complex and random gratings
No full textThis thesis studied the effect of (i) the number of grating components and (ii) parameter randomisation on root-mean-square (r.m.s.) contrast sensitivity and spatial integration. The effectiveness of spatial integration without external spatial noise depended on the number of equally spaced orientation components in the sum of gratings. The critical area marking the saturation of spatial integration was found to decrease when the number of components increased from 1 to 5-6 but increased again at 8-16 components. The critical area behaved similarly as a function of the number of grating components when stimuli consisted of 3, 6 or 16 components with different orientations and/or phases embedded in spatial noise. Spatial integration seemed to depend on the global Fourier structure of the stimulus. Spatial integration was similar for sums of two vertical cosine or sine gratings with various Michelson contrasts in noise. The critical area for a grating sum was found to be a sum of logarithmic critical areas for the component gratings weighted by their relative Michelson contrasts. The human visual system was modelled as a simple image processor where the visual stimuli is first low-pass filtered by the optical modulation transfer function of the human eye and secondly high-pass filtered, up to the spatial cut-off frequency determined by the lowest neural sampling density, by the neural modulation transfer function of the visual pathways. The internal noise is then added before signal interpretation occurs in the brain. The detection is mediated by a local spatially windowed matched filter. The model was extended to include complex stimuli and its applicability to the data was found to be successful. The shape of spatial integration function was similar for non-randomised and randomised simple and complex gratings. However, orientation and/or phase randomised reduced r.m.s contrast sensitivity by a factor of 2. The effect of parameter randomisation on spatial integration was modelled under the assumption that human observers change the observer strategy from cross-correlation (i.e., a matched filter) to auto-correlation detection when uncertainty is introduced to the task. The model described the data accurately
Varhaiskasvatuksen työ muuttuu : muuttuuko asiantuntijuus?
No full textVarhaiskasvatus, kuten kasvatustyö ja työelämä laajemminkin, on murroksessa. Varhaiskasvatuksen piirissä työn haasteisiin pyritään vastaamaan lisäämällä korkeakoulutettujen työntekijöiden määrää lapsiryhmissä sekä selkiyttämällä eri ammattiryhmien asiantuntijuutta. Laadullisen toimintatutkimuksemme tehtävänä oli selvittää varhaiskasvatuksen henkilöstön asiantuntijuuden muutokselle tuottamia merkityksiä sekä tunnistaa eri ammattiryhmien asiantuntijuutta uutta henkilöstörakennetta pilotoivissa tiimeissä. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui henkilöstön päiväkirjoista, kehittämissuunnitelmista sekä ryhmähaastatteluista. Aineiston analyysissa hyödynsimme diskurssianalyysia. Tunnistimme kolme asiantuntijuuden muutokseen liittyvää diskurssia: voimattomuuden, kehittämisen ja lapsen edun diskurssit. Lisäksi opettajat positioituivat vastuuseen tiimin pedagogisesta toiminnasta ja lapsen oppimisen edistämisestä. Opettajiin verrattuna sosionomien positio rakentui enemmän jaettuun vastuuseen tiimin toiminnasta. Lisäksi sosionomien asiantuntijuus kohdistui lapsen kokonaisvaltaisesta hyvinvoinnista ja eduista huolehtimiseen. Kolmas ammattiryhmä, lastenhoitajat, positioivat itsensä tiimin jäsenyyteen, ja heidän asiantuntijuutensa rakentui lasten hoidosta ja huolenpidosta.Early childhood education (ECE) is changing in terms of both educational work and work-ing life. In ECE, the increased number of high-er educated professionals and the clarification of professional expertise have been solutions to face the new challenges. This qualitative re-search investigated the expertise and the pro-cess of change in expertise of early childhood professionals. The data consist of diaries, de-velopment plans, and group interviews, and we used discourse analysis as our analytical tool. Three discourses were detected related to the process of change, namely the discourses of pow-erlessness, development, and the best in-terest of the child. Teachers positioned them-selves as being in charge of the team’s peda-gogical activities and holding responsibility for promoting the children’s learning. The position of those with a bachelor’s degree in social ser-vices was constructed through the shared re-sponsibility of the team, and their expertise fo-cused on the well-being of the children. Child carers positioned themselves mainly through their participation in the team, with childcare being their expertise.peerReviewe
Review: Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology, the MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, Color Vision: From Genes to PerceptionVision science: photons to phenomenology by PalmerS E; MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999, 810 pages, 149.95 (£90.95) ISBN 0 262 23200 6Color vision: from genes to perception edited by GegenfurtnerKarl R, and SharpeLindsay T; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, 493 pages, £60.00 (US$100.00) ISBN 0 521 59053 1
No full textToivo paranemisesta: nuoren naisen päihdetarinan rakentuminen haastattelussa
No full textThis article focuses on personal experience narration about drug abuse and treatment. The material was elicited from a life-story interview with a young woman called Hannele, who was in substitution treatment meant for opioid users. The approach is material-based: the author has constructed Hannele’s ”drug-story” and compared it with the institutional model narrative about recovery from drug problems. Hereby the author has been influenced by the folkloristic study of personal experience narratives and social scientific research on narratives. The model narrative is commonly known in treatment systems, and it tells us how it is possible to cope with drug problems and return to normal life. The hero of the story is a humble recipient of help and professional treatment, who aims to change his or her lifestyle completely and become fully abstinent. Hannele’s story describes how she started using cannabis, then amphetamine and heroine and how she stopped using them without any professional help. Then the story continues with buprenorphine (Subutex) use, which caused problems and made her apply for treatment. Hannele as the hero of the story is a self-motivated and even obstinate client who defines her treatment goals independently. Her story is a so-called ”short-step story” challenging the traditional model story and its requirement for complete abstinence and a comprehensive change of lifestyle and identity.This article focuses on personal experience narration about drug abuse and treatment. The material was elicited from a life-story interview with a young woman called Hannele, who was in substitution treatment meant for opioid users. The approach is material-based: the author has constructed Hannele’s ”drug-story” and compared it with the institutional model narrative about recovery from drug problems. Hereby the author has been influenced by the folkloristic study of personal experience narratives and social scientific research on narratives. The model narrative is commonly known in treatment systems, and it tells us how it is possible to cope with drug problems and return to normal life. The hero of the story is a humble recipient of help and professional treatment, who aims to change his or her lifestyle completely and become fully abstinent. Hannele’s story describes how she started using cannabis, then amphetamine and heroine and how she stopped using them without any professional help. Then the story continues with buprenorphine (Subutex) use, which caused problems and made her apply for treatment. Hannele as the hero of the story is a self-motivated and even obstinate client who defines her treatment goals independently. Her story is a so-called ”short-step story” challenging the traditional model story and its requirement for complete abstinence and a comprehensive change of lifestyle and identity
Occupational safety culture assessment in Finnish Transport Agency
No full textThe purpose of the thesis is to provide information and present the results of the conducted occupational safety culture assessment commissioned by Finnish Transport Agency. The assessment focused on a research population that consists of a specific group of employees whose job description included regular visiting at worksites. The objective of the assessment was to study the current level of cultural maturity regarding occupational safety and to define development needs. The aim of this process is to advance and support occupational safety procedure development. During the assessment process the thesis author was mentored by a specialist researcher from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
The scientific approach of the thesis is defined as a design research which is a combination of various research methods, both qualitative and quantitative. The assessment was conducted based on the study of the theoretical background on assessing occupational safety culture. A triangulation of analytical, academic and pragmatic assessment approaches was applied by using a questionnaire, semi-structured theme interviews and a workshop with a focus group.
The results of the assessment indicate that the occupational safety culture in the Finnish Transport Agency regarding and amongst the research population is emphasised on the reactive level of cultural maturity, although exceptions within the analysed data of the questionnaire’s dimensions and interview themes do exist. The suggestions to develop occupational safety culture amongst the research population, as well as occupational safety procedures in the Finnish Transport Agency, were defined by the author and the workshop’s focus group. In general, for development it is proposed to implement interactive communication through networked collaboration and to consider the possibilities of revising responsibilities, procedures and operations of roles and activities in the agency. Furthermore, the revisions as well as the Finnish Transport Agency’s occupational safety culture should be clearly defined and publicly stated.
In the future it would be beneficial for the Finnish Transport Agency to revise the used questionnaire to correspond to the various themes of the interviews' content analysis. The tailored questionnaire could be used in a recommended follow-up assessment to ensure that the development proceedings have been applied successfully. Further assessments of occupational safety culture would provide valuable information on the development of cultural maturity in the Finnish Transport Agency.Tässä opinnäytetyössä esitellään Liikenneviraston toimeksiantaman työturvallisuuskulttuuria koskevan tutkimuksen tulokset. Tutkimuksen kohteena oleva populaatio on Liikenneviraston työntekijät, joiden työnkuvaan kuuluu säännöllinen työmaalla käyminen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää työturvallisuuskulttuurin nykyinen kehitystaso ja määritellä sen kehittämistarpeet, ja siten tukea ja edistää työturvallisuuden menetelmien kehitystä. Tutkimusprosessin aikana opinnäytetyön tekijää mentoroi Työterveyslaitoksen erikoistutkija.
Työturvallisuuskulttuuritutkimuksen tutkimukselliseksi lähestymistavaksi on määritelty kehittämistutkimus, joka on yhdistelmä kvalitatiivisia ja kvantitatiivisia tutkimusmenetelmiä. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys on työturvallisuuskulttuurin tutkimus. Tutkimuksessa sovelletaan analyyttisen, akateemisen sekä pragmaattisen tutkimuksen lähestymistapojen triangulaatiota käyttämällä tiedonkeruumenetelminä sekä kyselylomaketta, puolistrukturoituja teemahaastatteluja että kohderyhmätyöpajaa.
Tutkimuksen tulokset viittaavat siihen, että tutkitun populaation mukaan Liikenneviraston työturvallisuuskulttuurissa painottuu kulttuurisen kehityksen reaktiivinen taso, vaikkakin poikkeuksia analysoidussa datassa, kyselylomakkeen ulottuvuuksissa ja haastatteluiden teemoissa ilmenee. Opinnäytetyössä ehdotetut kehitysehdotukset populaation työturvallisuuskulttuurin ja Liikenneviraston työturvallisuusmenetelmien parantamiseksi määritteli opinnäytetyön tekijä yhdessä työpajan kohderyhmän kanssa. Kehitysehdotuksissa suositellaan yleisesti interaktiivista viestintää osana verkostoituvaa yhteistyötä sekä kehotetaan harkitsemaan mahdollisuutta roolien ja toimintojen vastuiden, menettelytapojen ja tehtävien uudelleenarviointiin ja muuttamiseen virastossa. Lisäksi kyseiset toimenpiteet ja Liikenneviraston työturvallisuuskulttuuri tulisi määritellä selkeästi ja ilmaista julkisesti.
Jatkossa Liikennevirastolle olisi hyödyllistä tehdä muutoksia työturvallisuuskulttuuritutkimuksessa käytettyyn kyselylomakkeeseen, jotta se vastaisi haastattelujen sisältöanalyysin teemoja. Muokattua kyselylomaketta voitaisiin käyttää suositellussa jatkotutkimuksessa varmistamaan, että kehitystoimenpiteet on tehty ja kehitystä tapahtunut. Työturvallisuuskulttuurin jatkotutkimukset tuottaisivat arvokasta tietoa kulttuurillisen tason kehittämisessä Liikennevirastossa
Pala palalta : Minimallisto Haldinille merkin omista leikkuujätteistä
No full textOpinnäytetyössä perehdyttiin leikkuuvaiheen ylijäämämateriaalin hyödyntämiseen mallistossa ja toteutettiin naisten minimalliston suomalaiselle vaatemerkille nimeltä Haldin. Työ perustuu keväällä 2017 suoritettuun työ-harjoitteluun Haldinin studiossa ja sieltä saatuun toimeksiantoon. Lopullinen työ koostui sekä mallistosta että prosessikuvauksesta. Mallisto sisältää takin, mekon, paidan ja housut. Tuotteista toteutettiin mekko, paita ja housut.
Tavoitteet opinnäytetyössä olivat suunnitella Haldinille kaavat ja mallisto merkin omista ylijäämämateriaaleista, toteuttaa mallistoon kuuluvia tuotteita ja huomioida ylijäämämateriaalin käytön haasteet. Tuotteiden päätymi-nen tuotantoon sellaisenaan tai hieman muokattuna oli toivottavaa. Mallisto suunniteltiin Haldinin toiveiden sekä opinnäytetyön tekijän ideoiden pohjalta. Mallistossa materiaaleina käytettiin Haldin-merkiltä saatuja silkkejä.
Työprosessissa hyödynnettiin Pirkko Anttilan realistisen evaluaation teoriaa teoksesta "Ilmaisu, teos, tekeminen ja tutkiva toiminta". Tiedonhankinta tapahtui toimeksiantajan kanssa keskustelemalla, ja internet- sekä kirjaläh-teitä tarkastelemalla. Materiaaleille tehtiin värinvuoto-, kutistuma- ja saumatestejä. Opinnäytetyössä myös sivu-taan aihepiiriin kuuluvaa terminologiaa, ja kyseisiä termejä avataan suunnittelijaesittelyiden kautta.In the thesis the main point was the use of excess material from a cutting process in a collection. A capsule collec-tion for women was produced for the Finnish design brand Haldin. The thesis is based on an internship period car-ried out in the spring of 2017 at Haldin’s studio and an assignment received from the studio’s designer during that period. The final project consists of the collection and the process narration. The collection consists of a jacket, dress, shirt and pants. Out of those products the dress, shirt and pants were produced as sample pieces.
The goal of the thesis was primarily to design patterns and a mini collection for Haldin using the brand's own ex-cess materials, while taking into consideration the challenges that could occur when using this material. It was desirable that the finished products would end up in production as they were, or after minor changes had been done to them. The collection was designed according to the wishes made by Haldin's designer, as well as based on the ideas of the author of this thesis. The material used were different silks acquired from the Haldin studio.
The work process utilized Pirkko Anttila’s theory of realistic evaluation in the book Ilmaisu, teos, tekeminen ja tutkiva toiminta (The Expression, the Work of Art, Doing Things, and the Researching Act) (2005). Data acquisition was made via conducting interviews with the client, and by using internet and literary sources.Työhön kuuluu myös toteutetut kolme vaatekappaletta, joiden kuvat ovat liitteenä opinnäytetyössä
Virkistyspäivä Lottaperinneyhdistyksen jäsenille
No full textOpinnäytetyömme tarkoituksena oli suunnitella ja järjestää Lottaperinne-yhdistyksen jäsenille virkistyspäivä, joka sisälsi yhdessäoloa, liikuntaa, muistelutuokion ja ruokailun.
Tämä toiminnallinen opinnäytetyö toteutettiin syksyllä 2011 Satakunnan ammattikorkeakoulun tiloissa. Opinnäytetyön raportti kirjoitettiin keväällä 2012. Teoriaosuudessa kuvataan kokonaishyvinvointia ikäihmisillä, osio sisälsi elämänhistorian ja muistelun osana muistelun kokonaishyvinvointia sekä fyysisen, psyykkisen ja sosiaalisen hyvinvoinnin kuvaukset.
Opinnäytetyö on toiminnallinen opinnäytetyö, jossa järjestettiin yhteistyössä Lotta-perinneyhdistyksen kanssa virkistyspäivä yhdistyksen jäsenille. Virkistyspäivä suunniteltiin ja toteutettiin kokonaishyvinvoinnin viitekehyksestä, niin että siihen sisältyi elämänhistoriaan(muistelu), fyysiseen(liikuntatuokio, ruokailu), psyykkiseen(runonlausunta, yhteislaulut) ja sosiaaliseen(osallistava tapahtuma) hyvinvointiin liittyviä asioita. Päivä järjestettiin 28.09.2011 klo 10-15.30 ja siihen osallistui 27 Lottaperinneyhdistyksen jäsentä.
Järjestämällä vastaavanlaisia tapahtumia voidaan tukea ikääntyneiden kokonaishyvinvointia ja arjessa selviytymistä.Purpose of our study was to design and organize Lotta tradition-members of the association for recreational day, which included spending time together, exercising, reminiscence session, and the author-Tourist Board.
This functional study was carried out in autumn 2011 Satakunta professional college premises. Report of the thesis was written in the spring of 2012. The theoretical pant describes the overall well-being of older people,
section included the life history and reminiscence reminiscence as part of overall well-being as well as physical, mental and social well-being of the descriptions.
The thesis is a functional study, which was organized in cooperation with the Association of Traditional Lotta recreational day members of the association. Recreational outings planned and implemented in the overall well-being framework, so that it included a life history of the (remembrance), physical (exercise sessions, eating), mental
poetry readings, singing or playing music) and social (participatory event) welfare issues. Day was celebrated on 09.28.2011 at 10 to 15.30 and was attended by 27
Lotta Heritage Association members. Organizing similar events may be supported by the overall well-being of older people in everyday life and survival
Visualizing the Scientific Landscape on Sustainable Consumption Research in Web of Science
No full textSustainable Consumption is a research field that has surged in popularity over the years, as the need, and demand, for more sustainable practices becomes apparent with time. To study the current state of sustainable consumption research, we conducted a bibliometric analysis with 2168 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection using VOSviewer software.
Our findings suggest England is the most productive country regarding sustainable consumption research. The most popular keywords are those related to the field of “sustainability” such as “sustainable development” and “sustainable production”; and “consumption”, such as “consumer behavior” and “food”. The most cited article of the sample is “The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption” by Hamari, J; Sjoklint, M; and Ukkonen, A (2016). The article from the sample most cited by other articles from the sample is “Sustainable Consumption: Green Consumer Behaviour when Purchasing Products” by Young, W; Hwang, K; McDonald, S; and Oates, CJ (2010). The most cited and productive source is “Journal of Cleaner Production”. The most productive institution with the most citations is the University of Leeds. Most of the institutions with the highest level of production in this field are from Europe. The author with the most citations is Hubacek, Klaus. The scientific article that shares the most references with other articles of the sample is “New Conceptions of Sufficient Home Size in High-Income Countries: Are We Approaching a Sustainable Consumption Transition?” by Cohen, MJ. The author most referenced by the authors of the sample is Ajzen, Icek
Average-case linear-time similar substring searching by the q-gram distance
No full textIn this paper we consider the problem of similar substring searching in the q-gram distance. The q-gram distance d(q)(x, y) is a similarity measure between two strings x and y defined by the number of different q-grams between them. The distance can be used instead of the edit distance due to its lower computation cost, O(|x| + |Y|) vs. O(|x||Y|). and its good approximation for the edit distance. However, if this distance is applied to the problem of finding all similar strings, in a long text t, to a given pattern p, the total computation cost is sometimes not acceptable. Ukkonen already proposed two fast algorithms: one with an array and the other with a tree. When "similar" means k or less in dq, their time complexities are O(|t|k + |P|) and O(|t| log k + |p|). respectively. In this paper, we propose two algorithms of average-case complexity O(|t| + |p|). although their worst-case complexities are still O(|t|k + |P|) and O(|t| log k + |p|). respectively. The linearity of the average-case complexity is analyzed under the assumption of random sampling of t and the condition that q is larger than a threshold. The algorithms exploit the fact that similar substrings in t are often found at very close positions if the beginning positions of the substrings are close. In the second proposed algorithm, we adopted a doubly-linked list supported by an array and a search tree to search for a list element in O(log k) time. Experimental results support their theoretical average-case complexities. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Blood pressure increase preceded spontaneous and paracetamol-induced, early ductal closure in very preterm infants
No full textAbstract
Aim:
To investigate the blood pressure (BP) and ductal calibre patterns associated with early ductal closure in very low gestational age (<32 weeks) infants.
Methods:
Blood pressure was continuously measured intra-arterially among 43 infants participating in a randomised, double-blind trial of 4 days prophylactic intravenous paracetamol. Early closure of the ductus was verified by daily ultrasound examinations. The BP recordings, before and after the verified ductal closure, were examined and compared to control infants without ductal closure. In the 24-h preceding the ultrasound-verified ductal closure, periods of increased BP were searched and identified as suggestive ductal closure time points. In control infants without ductal closure, BP trends were examined during the corresponding age.
Results:
Mean arterial BP increased significantly before ductal closure (p < 0.001) and stayed higher than in the control group. Mean BP during the 8 h preceding closure significantly predicted the ductal closure [OR 2.094 (95% CI 1.209–3.630), p = 0.008], and multiple potential confounders failed to abolish this association. A linear decrease pattern in ductal calibre was significantly associated with the ductal closure.
Conclusion:
Blood pressure increased and stabilised before the early ductal closure, offering potential implications on treatment strategies of very premature infants.Abstract
Aim:
To investigate the blood pressure (BP) and ductal calibre patterns associated with early ductal closure in very low gestational age (<32 weeks) infants.
Methods:
Blood pressure was continuously measured intra-arterially among 43 infants participating in a randomised, double-blind trial of 4 days prophylactic intravenous paracetamol. Early closure of the ductus was verified by daily ultrasound examinations. The BP recordings, before and after the verified ductal closure, were examined and compared to control infants without ductal closure. In the 24-h preceding the ultrasound-verified ductal closure, periods of increased BP were searched and identified as suggestive ductal closure time points. In control infants without ductal closure, BP trends were examined during the corresponding age.
Results:
Mean arterial BP increased significantly before ductal closure (p < 0.001) and stayed higher than in the control group. Mean BP during the 8 h preceding closure significantly predicted the ductal closure [OR 2.094 (95% CI 1.209–3.630), p = 0.008], and multiple potential confounders failed to abolish this association. A linear decrease pattern in ductal calibre was significantly associated with the ductal closure.
Conclusion:
Blood pressure increased and stabilised before the early ductal closure, offering potential implications on treatment strategies of very premature infants
