1,720,956 research outputs found
LE PRINCIPE DE PRECAUTION : IMPASSE POLITIQUE OU IMMOBILISME SCIENTIFIQUE ?
Get PDFRésumé : Le principe de précaution est devenu un concept juridique consacré par la Constitution française qui tente d’en faire un moyen d’empêcher les dérives politiques, et de l’ériger en bouclier contre les méfaits possibles de la science. Différente de la simple prévoyance et de la pure prévention, la précaution n’inspire pas nécessairement la sagesse ou la prudence. En cela le principe de précaution est souvent dévoyé et sert des intérêts politiques ou des visées scientifiques non éthiques. Sa grande limite est que son application aveugle en fait un principe scientifiquement déstabilisant et politiquement inhibiteur. Le principe de précaution devra dès lors tirer son ancrage éthique dans le principe responsabilité dans le souci de l’intégrité et la vulnérabilité du vivant et des écosystèmes environnementaux. Dans un contexte marqué par l’incertitude, il s’agit d’une alliance des deux principes en vue de minimiser les risques technologiques et préserver l’existence des générations futures.
Mots-clés : précaution, incertitude, risque, vulnérabilité, générations future
Peut-on se baigner deux fois dans le même fleuve ? À propos de l’auto-traduction de Doomi Golo par Boubacar Boris Diop
No full textCet article aborde la question de l’auto-traduction littéraire d’une langue africaine, ici le wolof, vers une langue européenne, ici le français. L’exemple du romancier sénégalais Boubacar Boris Diop, qui traduit lui-même vers le français Doomi Golo, son premier roman écrit en wolof, est riche en enseignements. En effet, une lecture comparative de ce roman et de sa traduction, Les Petits de la guenon, laisse apparaître très rapidement que le texte opère des transformations radicales en passant de la langue de départ à la langue d’arrivée. Se référant à la traductologie et à la génétique des textes, l’article tente de déterminer si ces changements relèvent de l’intraduisibilité de culturèmes wolof en français ou s’ils sont tout simplement l’expression de la liberté de l’auteur-traducteur dans l’intention de s’adapter à la culture-cible.This article raises the issue of the literary self-translation from an African language, Wolof, into a European language, French. The case of the Senegalese novelist Boubacar Boris Diop, who translated himself his first novel written in Wolof, Doomi Golo, into French, is a telling example. Indeed, a quick comparative reading of this novel and its translation, Les Petits de la guenon, reveals that this shift from the original language to the target language entails radical changes in the text. Using translation studies and genetic criticism, this article attempts to determine whether these shifts are due to the untranslatability of Wolof culturemes into French, or if they are simply a manifestation of the free choice of the author, resulting from an intentional strategy on his part to adapt to the universe of the target culture
From Bul Faale to Y’en a marre: a Semiotic Analysis of the Discursive Mutations of Senegalese Hip-hop
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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