1,720,964 research outputs found

    GSK – En formalitet eller kompetanseutvikling? En studie av kompetanseutvikling og læringsutbytte i Luftforsvarets Grunnleggende Spesialistkurs

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    Forsvarets behov for kompetente spesialister er avgjørende for operativ kapasitet. Denne oppgaven undersøker hvordan deltakere på Grunnleggende Spesialistkurs i Luftforsvaret opplever kursets relevans, hvilket læringsutbytte de har fått, og hvilke faktorer som bidrar til at kompetansen anvendes i tjenesten. Problemstillingen drøfter holdninger til kurset, graden av opplevd kompetanse og kjennetegn ved dem som opplever størst utbytte. Studien er gjennomført som en kasusstudie med metodetriangulering. En spørreundersøkelse ble besvart av 43 spesialister, og åtte ble intervjuet i dybden. Spørreundersøkelsen målte motivasjon, læringsutbytte og anvendelse av kursinnhold, mens intervjuene kartla erfaringer og organisatoriske forhold. Dataene er analysert deskriptivt, med korrelasjonsanalyser for å utforske sammenhenger, og tematisk i transkriberte intervjuer. Etiske hensyn, validitet og reliabilitet er ivaretatt ved standardisert instrumentbruk og transparens om utvalg og svarprosent. Hovedfunnene viser at et stort flertall av deltakerne opplever GSK som nyttig, særlig innen ledelse, profesjonsforståelse og samarbeid. Over 80 % rapporterer å ha lært noe nytt om kjerneområder, og omtrent tre av fire sier de aktivt bruker lederkompetanse og økt profesjonsforståelse i arbeidshverdagen. Intervjuene bekrefter at kurset gir en felles identitet og refleksjonsarena, men avdekker også at enkelte fagtemaer, som grunnleggende militære ferdigheter og luftoperasjoner, er mindre relevante for alle spesialister. Studien viser videre at høy motivasjon for læring preger deltakerne, og at selv foreløpig mindre motiverte elever ofte oppnår like godt utbytte som de mest motiverte. Erfaringen ble bedre når kurset ga rom for refleksjon og praktisk øvelse, men manglende differensiering mellom erfaringsnivåer trekkes frem som en svakhet. Organisatoriske rammer, særlig støtte fra nærmeste leder, mulighet for øving og anerkjennelse av ny kompetanse, er avgjørende for at læringen overføres til praksis. Oppgaven konkluderer med at GSK i hovedsak fungerer etter intensjonene og gir et betydelig kompetanseløft. For å sikre varig effekt anbefales det å styrke støttesystemene rundt kurset, blant annet ved mentorordninger, repetisjonsøvelser og forankring hos ledere. Videre kan en differensiert kursmodell tilpasses erfarne og ferske spesialister for å maksimere læringsutbyttet. Studien antyder også behov for undersøkelser av langtidseffekter og effekten av organisatoriske tiltak for å forbedre læringsoverføring i Forsvaret

    Utfordringer og erfaringer med programmering

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    Fagfornyelsen kom høsten 2020 med innføring av trinnvise kompetansemål i matematikk fra 1. til 10. klasse. Fra og med 5. klasse og til 10. klasse har et av kompetansemålene en direkte eller indirekte tilknytning til programmering. Lærere mangler spesifikk kompetanse innen programmering, og deres utfordringer med å dekke elevens kompetansemål innen matematikk kan være utfordrende. I denne masteroppgaven er min problemsstilling: «Læreres utfordringer og erfaringer med innføring av programmering i matematikk i forbindelse med fagfornyelsen». Jeg har sett på hvilke utfordringer lærerne opplever, og hvilke erfaringer de har erfart i løpet av snart to år med fagfornyelse (LK20). Det er blitt brukt et kvalitativt forskningsarbeide med 5 informanter basert på et semi-strukturert forskningsintervju. Hvorav 2 av lærerne har hatt kursing eller utdannelse innen programmering, men de 3 andre ikke har hatt tidligere kompetanse innen programmering. Lærerne har hovedsakelig erfaring fra ungdomstrinnet. Resultater fra intervjuer med lærerne avdekker varierende grad av begrepsforståelse innen programmering og algoritmisk tenkning. Lærerne trekker fra tid til egenutvikling av kompetanse, tid til samarbeid i kollegiet og systematisk kompetanseheving som sentrale utfordringer. Lærerne erfarer mangel på systematisk kursing, mangel på tiltak for utdanning innen programmering og Konklusjon: Det bør iverksettes en helhetlig planlegging av kompetansehevingstiltak ved den enkelte skole, basert på teoretiske rammeverk for å sikre lærernes forventede kompetansenivå innen digital teknologi. Lærernes holdninger til programmering og algoritmisk tenkning bør styrkes gjennom økt fokus på hva som kreves av en «digital» lærer i grunnskolen. Det bør legges vekt på forskningsbaserte tilnærminger i undervisning i tråd med teoretiske rammeverk som PfDK og TPACK. Lærerne må få tid til egenutvikling og kompetanseheving.The subject renewal came in the autumn of 2020 with the introduction of step-by-step competence goals in mathematics from 1st to 10th grade. From 5th grade until 10th grade, one of the competence goals has a direct or indirect connection to programming. Teachers lack specific competence in programming, and their challenges in meeting the student's competence goals in mathematics can be challenging. In this master's thesis, my problem statement is: «Teachers' challenges and experiences with the introduction of programming in mathematics in connection with subject renewal». I have looked at the challenges the teachers experience, and what experiences they have experienced during almost two years of subject renewal (LK20). A qualitative research work with 5 informants based on a semi-structured research interview has been used. Of which 2 of the teachers have had courses or education in programming, but the other 3 have not had previous competence in programming. The teachers mainly have experience from the lower secondary level. Results from interviews with teachers reveal varying degrees of conceptual understanding in programming and algorithmic thinking. The teachers draw from time to self-development of competence, time for collaboration in the college and systematic competence development as key challenges. The teachers experience a lack of systematic training, a lack of measures for education in programming and Conclusion: A comprehensive planning of competence development measures at the individual school should be implemented, based on theoretical frameworks to ensure the teachers' expected level of competence in digital technology. Teachers' attitudes towards programming and algorithmic thinking should be strengthened through increased focus on what is required of a "digital" teacher in primary school. Emphasis should be placed on research-based approaches in teaching in line with theoretical frameworks such as PfDK and TPACK. Teachers must be given time for self-development and competence development (up-skilling)

    Veiledningspraksis, kollektive læringsprosesser og veilederutdanning

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    This anthology will broaden our understanding of mentoring within kindergarten, primary and secondary school, and higher education. The book’s contributors have researched various practices and present different scientific inroads and research approaches as well as ethical issues connected to mentoring. In addition, they provide an increased level of theoretical in-depth knowledge from the different mentoring fields, and research that offers perspectives and understandings of the field of professional mentoring that have not been fully explored in the past. The anthology will be of interest primarily to those in the teaching professions, but its theoretical approaches and practical examples will also enhance the knowledge and quality of the mentoring field in general. This book will also be relevant for PhD and master students, and mentoring students, as well as administrators, teachers and mentors in schools and kindergartens, and others involved in mentoring

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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