278 research outputs found
Mitigation of adverse effects on competitiveness and leakage of unilateral EU climate policy: An assessment of policy instruments
No full textThe European Union (EU) has developed a strategy to mitigate climate change by cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fostering low carbon technologies. However, the risk of implementing unilateral policies is that distortive effects are generated at the global scale affecting world energy prices, international competitiveness and the geographical allocation of carbon intensive production processes. Using a dynamic CGE model,we assess the rate of carbon leakage and adverse impacts on competitiveness in a number of scenarios over the period2010–2050. According to the model results, we highlight two major issues. First, in the case of a unilateral EU climate policy, carbon leakage and negative effects on competitiveness are quite serious. Anti-leakage measures can only mitigate leakage and adverse economic impacts on competitiveness in a limited way. On the contrary, an optimality analysis addressing the environmental effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and political feasibility of alternative policy solutions reveals that the EU long termdecarbonisation strategy by investing in energy efficiencyand renewable energy might ensure protection of vulnerable manufacturing activitieswhile enhancing the competitiveness of technologically-advanced industries
Trends in Resource Extraction and Implications for Sustainability in Canada
No full textThere is a disagreement on the concept, definition and application of the paradigm of sustainable development. The definition that has been accepted by many involves several components, and it is difficult to measure or quantify indicators. Depending on the structure of the economy, it is possible to identify important variables and examine some aspects of sustainability. In this respect, analysis of indicators related to the extraction of natural resources seems to be appropriate for a resource-based economy. For resource-based economy such as Canada is the speed with which natural resources are extracted greatly influence patterns of growth and development. Indicators can be established to measure the progress toward to or demise of sustainability. Indicators that deal with the speed with which resources such as non-renewable energy, minerals, forests, soil, water, etc., have been utilized to examine aspects of sustainability. However, these indicators have been argued to provide less guidance for the implementation of feasible public policies unless supplemented by other kinds of analyses that relate resource use with socioeconomic parameters. The utilization of resources could be evaluated in relation to available stock as a proxy for progress toward sustainability. The extraction of resources may also cause major environmental problems due to the release of pollutants or wastes that requires an increasing amount of expenditure for environmnetal protection. This is crucial for countries such as Canada whose major export is dependent on availability of natural resources and heavily impacted by external public debt. The present study will examine stock, depletion and addition of natural resources to evaluate sustainability of consumption patterns. In addition, the consumption of these resources will be compared with selected socioeconomic indicators such as GDP, employment, etc., to anticipate whether or not these factors may have contributed to increased consumption of natural resources. Furthermore, attempts will be made to investigate the patterns of expenditure to protect the environment from wastes and pollutants. The findings of this study could serve as an early warning system with respect to depletion of resources and their consequent environmental impacts.sustainable development; extraction; natural resources; Canada; non-renewable energy; environmental protection; stock; depletion; time series; econometric
Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers
No full textIn this paper we study the effect of international technology spillovers on carbon leakage. We first develop and analyse two simple competing models for carbon leakage. The first model represents the pollution haven hypothesis. It focuses on the international competition between firms that produce energy-intensive goods. The second model highlights the role of a globally integrated carbon-energy market. We calculate formulas for the leakage rates in both models and, through meta-analysis, show that the second model captures best the major mechanisms reported in the CGE literature on carbon leakage. We extend this model with endogenous energy-saving technology and international technology spillovers. This feature is shown to decrease carbon leakage. We build-in the endogenous energy-saving technology in a large CGE model and verify that the results from the formal model carry over. Carbon leakage becomes negative for moderate levels of international technology spillover.arbon-Leakage, Climate Policy, Induced Technological Change; Trade and Environment
A steady solution for Prandtl’s self-similar vortex sheet spirals
No full textPrandtl's [L. Prandtl, Über die Entstehung von Wirbeln in der idealen Flüssigkeit, mit Anwendung auf die Tragflügeltheorie und andere Aufgaben, in: von Kármán, Levi-Cevita (Eds.), Vorträge aus dem Gebiete der Hydro- und Aerodynamik, Springer, Berlin, 1922] self-similar, semi-infinite, free vortex sheets are characterized by a two-dimensional unsteady flow around an invariable exponential spiral. A similar but steady spiral flow has been published by Schmidt and Sparenberg [G.H. Schmidt, J.A. Sparenberg, On the edge singularity of an actuator disk with large constant normal load, J. Ship Research 21 (1977) 125]. This flow is shown to be, kinematically, the steady solution in Prandtl's class of spirals but with a different dynamic boundary condition since it is not a free vortex sheet but carries a constant load. Due to the kinematic similarity, the analysis of Prandtl's spirals by van Kuik [G.A.M. van Kuik, The flow induced by Prandtl's self-similar vortex sheet spirals at infinite distances from the spiral kernel, Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 23 (4) (2004) 607–616] is also valid for the spiral with steady flow. As for Prandtl's spirals, the steady spiral flow requires a description on a multi-branched Riemann surface, by which an interpretation in the single-branched two-dimensional surface is impossible.Aerospace Design, Integration and OperationsAerospace Engineerin
An emerging 3rd pillar in Asian architecture? AIIB and other China-led initiatives
No full textFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Cheng-Chwee Kuik, Associate Professor, Strategic Studies and International Relations at the National University of Malaysia, explains that "the emerging institutional pole is China-centered [and] anchored on remuneration-calculated and identity-based 'common security'."
The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the East-West Center or any organization with which the author is affiliated
Forests and Climate Change:A REDD Revolution?
No full textThe article reviews the books "Law, Tropical Forests and Carbon: The Case of REDD+," edited by Rosemary Lyster, Catherine MacKenzie, and Constance McDermott and "Climate Change, Forests and REDD," edited by Joyeeta Gupta, Nicolien van der Grijp, and Onno Kuik
Forests and Climate Change:A REDD Revolution?
No full textThe article reviews the books "Law, Tropical Forests and Carbon: The Case of REDD+," edited by Rosemary Lyster, Catherine MacKenzie, and Constance McDermott and "Climate Change, Forests and REDD," edited by Joyeeta Gupta, Nicolien van der Grijp, and Onno Kuik
On actuator disc force fields generating wake vorticity
No full textActuator disc calculations can be divided in two categories: force models where, for a prescribed force field, the flow is calculated using a CFD method, and kinematic models, where the wake is calculated based on wake boundary conditions and the force field is known when the velocities are known. In both categories, but specifically for the kinematical models, results are reported that differ some 10% from momentum models. Furthermore, most calculations which give details about the flow through the disc do not satisfy the condition derived by Xyros & Xyros (2007) that the axial velocity through the disc is uniform for discs with a uniform surface load. Apart from this, the inconsistency in the momentum models discussed by van Kuik (2003) is still unresolved. These observations raise the questions: what is the relation between force- and flow field, what are the requirements for a steady axisymmetric force field to generate vorticity in an Euler flow?Aerospace Design, Integration and OperationsAerospace Engineerin
From sea to sea: Kashubian expeditions to crimea
No full textThe author of the text, who has studied Kashubian culture and literature for many years, examines an interesting example of an intercultural contact of ethnic minorities from the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. A few years ago in the Reconciliation and Meeting House in Gdańsk, thanks to a project started by an American foundation, an initiative of supporting ethnic minorities and their mutual learning of their respective cultures was started and later realized in Kashuby by Arkadiusz Goliński. As part of this initiative, there have been several travels of Kashubians to the Crimea. The last such trip took place in July 2012, when a group of Kashubian activists and journalists arrived in Crimea in the search for common cultural spaces between Kashubians and Crimean Tatars. The article is an attempt to analyse this journey and its literary evidence.ADELA KUIK-KALINOWSKA – dr. hab., polska filolog polska, specjalizująca się w literaturze polskiej epoki romantyzmu oraz literaturze XIX i XX wieku; nauczycielka akademicka związana z Akademią Pomorską w Słupsku. Opublikowała między innymi: Tatczëzna. Literackie przestrzenie Kaszub, Gdańsk – Słupsk 2011; Edukacja kaszubska. Tradycje, aktualność, perspektywy : praca monograficzna, Gdańsk – Słupsk 2012; Trzy skarby. Motywy buddyjskie w kulturze polskiej, Słupsk 2013; Wielkie Pomorze. Kultura i sztuka, Gdańsk – Słupsk 2013.Pomeranian Academy in SłupskT. H. White, The Book of Beasts. Being a Translation from a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century, Madison 2002.T. Bolduan, Gryf. Godło Pomorza, Gdańsk 1971.Ł. Zołtkòwsczi, Qasevet, sostra Pòmeranie, „Pomerania” nr 9, 2012.S. Ramułt, Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego, scalił i znormalizował J. Treder, Gdańsk 2003.J. Treder, Kaszubi wobec Mickiewicza. Refleksje, w: Mickiewiczologia. Tradycje i potrzeby, red. K. Cysewski, Słupsk 1999, s. 61-78.D. Kalinowski, Spiskowiec, folklorysta i samotnik – Florian Ceynowa i romantyzm, w: A. Kuik-Kalinowska, D. Kalinowski, Od Smętka do Stolema. Wokół literatury Kaszub, Gdańsk–Słupsk 2009, s. 67-85.2179380
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