1,721,093 research outputs found
Microstructural modelling of creep crack growth from a blunted crack
Get PDFThe effect of crack tip blunting on the initial stages of creep crack growth is investigated by means of a planar microstructural model in which grains are represented discretely. The actual linking-up process of discrete microcracks with the macroscopic crack is simulated, with full account of the underlying physical mechanisms such as the nucleation, growth and coalescence of grain boundary cavities accompanied by grain boundary sliding. Results are presented for C*-controlled mode I crack growth under small-scale damage conditions. Particular attention is focused on creep constrained vs. unconstrained growth. Also the effect of grain boundary shear stresses on linking-up is investigated through shear-modified nucleation and growth models. The computations show a general trend that while an initially sharp crack tends to propagate away from the original crack plane, crack tip blunting reduces the crack growth direction. Under unconstrained conditions this can be partly rationalized by the strain rate and facet stress distribution corresponding to steady-state creep.
High-temperature fracture of polycrystalline materials
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
A New Model for Void Coalescence by Internal Necking
Get PDFA micromechanical model for predicting the strain increment required to bring a damaged material element from the onset of void coalescence up to final fracture is developed based on simple kinematics arguments. This strain increment controls the unloading slope and the energy dissipated during the final step of material failure. Proper prediction of the final drop of the load carrying capacity is an important ingredient of any ductile fracture model, especially at high stress triaxiality. The model has been motivated and verified by comparison to a large set of finite element void cell calculations.
Application of a continuum constitutive model to metallic foam DEN-specimens in compression
Get PDFThe behavior of double-edge notched specimens of metallic foams in compression is studied numerically. To model the constitutive behavior of the metallic foam, a recently developed phenomenological, pressure-sensitive yield surface is used. Compressive yielding in response to hydrostatic stress is incorporated through a dependence on the plastic Poisson ratio νp. Results are presented in terms of limit load Flim, as a function of notch depth, a/W , and the plastic Poisson ratio νp. For incompressible plastic behavior, νp=0.5, the results show notch-strengthening due to constrained plastic deformation near the crack/notch-tip. For fully compressible plastic behavior (no lateral expansion on uniaxial compression, νp=0), no notch-effect is observed. The validity of using a continuum model for the analysis of metallic foam notched specimens is discussed.
Notch-strengthening in two-dimensional foams
No full textMetallic foams show notch-strengthening behavior when analyzing double-edge notched specimen in compression and tension. A discrete microstructural model has been used to simulate the effect of notch depth and specimen size on the net-section-strength. The non-uniform deformation behavior is analyzed by using a strain mapping procedure, highlighting that strain tends to localize in discrete bands connecting the notch tips. The net-section-strength increases with increasing notch-depth and decreasing specimen size
Scale Effects in Cellular Metals
Get PDFScale effects in cellular metals can develop when the specimen size is of the order of the cell size. Decreasing the relevant specimen dimensions—height, width, and ligament size (the region between notches in notched specimens)—leads to material strengthening in shear, in indentation, and in notched specimens and to reduced strength and stiffness in uniaxial compression. Experimental size-effect studies were reviewed, and it was concluded from discrete modeling results that scale effects are caused by two different microstructural mechanisms: boundary-layer effects and constraint effects. The first mechanism is active in shear (strong boundary layers) and uniaxial compression (weak boundary layers) and vanishes for specimens larger than two cell sizes and seven cell sizes, respectively. The second mechanism is active in indentation and in notched specimens, leading to a strengthening behavior that is inversely proportional to indenter and ligament size.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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