1,720,955 research outputs found
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Listeria Monocytogenes on Fresh Baby Spinach Leaves
Full text linkThe increase in foodborne illness outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables can be attributed to the minimal processing required of this group of fresh produce. Neglecting effective microbial elimination steps result in leafy green vegetables that naturally contain microorganisms such as pathogens microorganisms. This quantitative microbial risk assessment describe the change of L. monocytogenes concentration in fresh baby spinach from farm to table. This model also consists of several scenarios to evaluate decontamination treatments, cross-contamination, and temperature abuse.
Cross-contamination was the biggest issue when ensuring safety of leafy green vegetables. Temperature abuse also increased the risk of listeriosis. On the other hand, irradiation treatment with Modified Atmosphere Packaging reduced the number of annual cases of listeriosis by 99.99%.
In addition, the validation of L. innocua used as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes in fresh baby spinach was evaluated based on reductions by washing (water and chlorine) treatments and growth at temperatures between 5 and 36oC. According to the results of the washing treatments, the concentration of L. innocua was reduced by almost 0.5 log CFU/g. This is more than that of L. monocytogenes.
Furthermore, the effect of natural background microflora on the growth of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in fresh baby spinach was determined. The results showed that the growth of L. innocua was affected more than that of L. monocytogenes at temperatures 10> T >30^(o)C. Although L. innocua and L. monoctogenes are genetically similar, their behavior changes under stress conditions.
Ultimately, the dynamic growth models for L. monocytogenes in fresh baby spinach was presented. These models can be used to estimate the growth of L. monocytogenes in fresh baby spinach during distribution, storage or market, and potential growth at a consumer level
A Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainability Research in the Food Industry
Full text linkEnvironmental sustainability has become increasingly critical as rising food demand intensifies pressure on land, water, and energy resources. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 3,295 Web of Science articles on sustainability in the food industry using VOSviewer software. Results showed that the journals Sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, and Foods published the highest volume of relevant research. Six major keyword clusters were identified: food consumption patterns, sustainable practices, food security, resource management, environmental impacts, and technological innovations. Thomas Kastner was noted as a central figure in co-authorship networks. The findings highlighted the ongoing need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate agriculture, ecology, and climate science to advance sustainable food production and consumption system
Understanding and Quantifying the Role of Aqueous Solutions on the Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Electron Beam Irradiation Applied to Fresh Produce
Full text linkThe main aim of this study was to enhance the safety if fresh produce in general, and grape tomatoes in particular, by the combined treatments of electron beam (e-beam) irradiation and hydrogen peroxide (Hv2Ov2) aqueous solution. For the achieving this aim, this study was divided into three steps. At first and second steps, the effect of culture media used for the preparation of inoculum and water quality parameters, respectively, on the effectiveness of e-beam irradiation to inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium were evaluated. At final step, the decontamination ability of the combined treatment of ebeam and Hv2Ov2 for the inactivation of Salmonella spp. in whole grape tomatoes was evaluated. In the first step, the radiation sensitivity (Dv10 value) of the pathogen in deionized (DI) water decreased (P 0.05) the Dv10 value calculated for S. Typhimurium in DI water. In addition, the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers, ethanol and polyethylene glycol (PEG), provided a protection to S. Typhimurium cells. The radiation sensitivity of the pathogen in buffer solution decreased (P 0.05) the Dv10 value calculate for the bacterium in buffer solution. In the second step, the pH ranged from 5.5 to 8.5 and alkalinity (��� 500mg/l) did not affect (P > 0.05) the radiation sensitivity of S. Typhimurium in buffer solution. Nevertheless, the radiation sensitivity of S. Typhimurium in buffer solution increased (P < 0.05) when fulvic acid (100 mg/l ���) and nitrate (��� 100 mg/l) was added into buffer solution as organic and inorganic substances, respectively. In addition, the radiation sensitivity of S. Typhimurium in buffer solution increased (P < 0.05) regardless of Hv2Ov2 concentration. In the third step, it is found that this integrated treatment was effective to inactivate Salmonella spp. in grape tomatoes. The calculated Dv10 value for Salmonella spp. on grape tomatoes was 0.25 kGy. In addition, this system improved uniform dose distribution throughout tomatoes. Furthermore, the e-beam dose up to 1.25 kGy did not affect the quality of tomatoes. Ultimately, the present study demonstrated that the combined treatments of ebeam and Hv2Ov2 aqueous solution could be a promising alternative to conventional processes and should enhance the safety of fresh produce
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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