130,377 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
D3.2. End-of-Project KGSIR on interaction of ocean heat uptake and radiative feedback change via SST-pattern change
No full text<p><strong>Work Package:</strong> WP3</p><p><strong>Deliverable number:</strong> D3.2</p><p><strong>Deliverable title:</strong> End-of-Project KGSIR on interaction of ocean heat uptake and radiative feedback change via SST-pattern change</p><p><strong>Key messages:</strong></p><ul><li>Post 1980 the Earth warmed with a configuration of SST patterns (cooling in the eastern Pacific and Southern Ocean) that results in feedbacks that are uncorrelated with – and indicating much lower equilibrium climate sensitivity than—that expected for long-term CO2 increase.</li><li>Satellite observations of changes in top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes since 1985 are in agreement with Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed SST and sea-ice, and are suggestive of a relationship between the pattern effect and ocean heat uptake efficiency.</li><li>The 2015/16 El-Nino had a substantial impact on the Earth's diagnosed feedback parameter, reducing it by ~25% due to a large warming of the eastern Pacific. Since then three La Nina's in a row have been observed. The impact of this on radiative feedback is yet to be assessed. Continuity of satellite record radiation budget crucial to monitoring this.</li></ul><p><strong>Cite as:</strong></p><p>Andrews T., Mauritsen T., Olonscheck D., Smith D. and Toniazzo T. 2022. Interaction of ocean heat uptake and radiative feedback change via SST-pattern change over recent decades. Knowledge Gains: Summary and Implication Report. The CONSTRAIN Project. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10125154">10.5281/zenodo.10125154</a>.</p>
Consistently estimating internal climate variability from climate model simulations
No full textAbstractThis paper introduces and applies a new method to consistently estimate internal climate variability for all models within a multi-model ensemble. The method regresses each model?s estimate of internal variability from the preindustrial control simulation on the variability derived from a model?s ensemble simulations, thus providing practical evidence of the quasi-ergodic assumption. The method allows one to test in a multi-model consensus view how the internal variability of a variable changes for different forcing scenarios. Applying the method to the CMIP5 model ensemble shows that the internal variability of global-mean surface air temperature remains largely unchanged for historical simulations and might decrease for future simulations with a large CO2 forcing. Regionally, the projected changes reveal likely increases in temperature variability in the tropics, subtropics and polar regions and extremely likely decreases in mid-latitudes. Applying the method to sea-ice volume and area shows that their internal variability decreases extremely likely or likely and proportionally to their mean state, except for Arctic sea-ice area, which shows no consistent change across models. For the evaluation of CMIP5 simulations of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice the method confirms that internal variability can explain most of the models? deviation from observed trends, but often not the models? deviation from the observed mean states. Our method benefits from a large number of models and long pre-industrial control simulations, but requires only a small number of ensemble simulations. The method allows for a consistent consideration of internal variability in multi-model studies and thus fosters our understanding of the role of internal variability in a changing climate
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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