1,720,953 research outputs found
Analysis of the Positive and Negative Aspects of Green Energy Technologies in Estonia: A Study of Air Source Heat Pumps and Geothermal Heating
No full textÜleminek taastuvatele energiaallikatele on aktuaalseks teemaks kogu maailmas. Eestis on juba pikka aega kasutatud õhusoojuse kasutamise lahendusi kütteks, kuid viimasel ajal on populaarsust kogunud maakütte kasutamine. Mõlema tehnoloogia puhul on olemas kaks peamist lahendust. Õhusoojuse kasutamise korral õhk-õhk ja õhk-vesi soojuspumbad ning maasoojuse puhul horisontaalsed maakollektorid ja vertikaalsed puuraugud.
Üks on kindel, nii õhu- kui ka maasoojuse kasutamine on puhas roheline energia, olles keskkonnasõbralikum kui söe ja gaasi/nafta kaevandamine ning vähendades CO2 emissioone ja peenosakeste heidet. Õhusoojuse kasutamise kasuks räägib selle lihtne paigaldus, madalam alginvesteering (võrreldes maasoojusega) ning kompaktne ja ruumisäästlik olemus – saab kasutada ka väikese krundi ja hoone puhul, aga ka korteripõhiselt kortermajades. Süsteem vajab ruumi vaid väliseadmele õues ja siseruumis õhk-õhk soojuspumba puhul seinale või õhk-vesi süsteemi puhul umbes ruutmeeter põrandapinda garaažis või tehnoruumis. Samuti on tehnoloogia areng on viinud soojuspumbad tasemele töötamaks ka äärmuslikes kliimatingimustes, näiteks Eesti külmades talvedes. Maasoojuse puhul on positiivseks omaduseks aga väga kõrge energiatõhusus ja sõltumatus aastaaegadest, kuna maapinna, eriti sügavamate aluspõhjakihtide, temperatuur on stabiilne aastaringselt.
Puudustena võib õhksoojuspumpade puhul välja tuua seadmete poolt tekitatava müra ning teoreetilise külmaainete lekete ohu, kuid tehnoloogia areng on mõlemad riskid viinud miinimumi. Maasoojusega kasutamisega kaasnevaid negatiivseid aspekte on aga rohkem. Horisontaalse maakollektori paigaldamisel saab oluliselt mõjutatud haljastus ning maa-ala edasine kasutus, st alale ei saa rajada taimestikku, tiike, sissesõiduteid või muid rajatisi. Vertikaalsete puuraukude rajamisega on suurimaks riskiks mõju põhjavee kvaliteedile. Seda siis külmaaine lekete, veelademete avanemise ja pinnareostuse sissekannete tõttu. Kuna põhjavesi on aga Eesti tähtsaim maapõueressurss ning oluline joogivee allikas, tuleb seda mõjutavate tegevuste suhtes luua ranged ja selged regulatsioonid, tagades selle kvaliteedi säilimise ja riskide miinimumi viimise.
Läbiviidud uuring näitas, et hoonete, eelkõige elumajade kütmiseks on otstarbekam ja riskivabam kasutada õhk-vesi soojuspumpa, mida saab sarnaselt maasoojusega kasutada põhiküttena, mis katab maasoojusega sarnased küttevajadused (kütab hoonet ning toodab sooja tarbevett) ning on optimaalne paindlik lahendus inimesele ja ohutu keskkonnale.The purpose of this graduation thesis, Analysis of the Positive and Negative Aspects of Green Energy Technologies in Estonia: A Study of Air Source Heat Pumps and Geothermal Heating, is to explain what the positive and negative aspects of using geothermal and air heat are, and why it might be more appropriate to prefer the use of air heat over geothermal heat, given the current regulatory situation.
The thesis consists of two main topics: the use of air heat for heating and the risks, health, and environmental impacts associated with it; and the use of geothermal heat for heating and its associated risks and environmental effects. The thesis also discusses energy policy trends and the regulation of air heat and geothermal energy use in Estonia and presents a comparative analysis of both energy technologies.
The results of the study show that it is more practical and risk-free to use an air-to-water heat pump for heating buildings, especially residential buildings, which, like geothermal heat, can be used as a primary heating source, covering heating needs similar to geothermal heat (heats the building and produces hot water) and is an optimal flexible solution for people and a safe environment. For the broader use of geothermal energy, it would be necessary to create a law to address the procedure for constructing both horizontal ground collectors and vertical boreholes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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